In recent decades, climate change has led to changes in the frequency and intensity of the temperature, pressure, and wind speed globally. Climate underlying data clearly show a warming trend in many parts of the world in the last few years. Moreover, unfavorable atmospheric situations cause adverse health effects worldwide [1]. Climate stress, such as ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed, is one of the biggest global health threats associated with various mortality risks in the 21st century [2]. Similary, atmospheric data shows the variation of seasonal patterns from region to region. It is demonstrated that seasonal patterns such as ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind rate are the most highlighted patterns that are closely linked to the regional situation [3]. According to meta-regression study reports, atmospheric seasonal parameters were directly linked to adverse health effects in regions with a climate phenomenal situation such as high rate of wind and temperature globally [4]. In Iran, climate phenomena can be seen frequently. In addition, some adverse health trends have been documented in association with climate conditions recently in Iran. Recent documents reported that daily atmospheric parameter changes, based on temperature, humidity, and wind, are directly linked to cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization risk. Similarly, it was demonstrated that demographical variables such as age are the most important cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) that lead to several pathophysiological changes [5]. Accordingly, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) data, global warming is addressed simply by increasing the number of cardiovascular, respiratory, and other diseases [6]. According to reported data, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most common causes of Iranian death [7]. Cardiac diseases have been specified with the variability of patient characteristics such as age, gender, body weight, medical history, family history, smoking behavior, and activity before the arrest. However, the role of environmental factors in CVDs is less known, and differences in available records were observed [8]. While most authors describe an inverse effect [9, 10],, others suggested a direct association with mortality and morbidity during high and low ambient temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed [11, 12]. The study carried out in Scotland showed that the mortality trend had a steeper increase at lower temperatures than at warmer temperatures [13]. In addition, another study reported lower numbers of CVDs hospitalizations during the warm season [14]. Moreover, different studies also reported that decreasing temperatures led to increasing vasopressin levels [15]. However, the outcomes of time series studies showed a minimum of 24 hours between the decrease in temperature and an increase in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) mortality [16]. Another study reported that CVDs mortality associated with temperature in the elderly subgroup was stronger than in younger age groups [17]. Even though most previous studies have considered only temperature as a meteorological factor, it seems wind speed factor may be a better predictor of mortality than temperature alone [18]. In Iran, there are different studies on the associated air pollution with CVDs but there are few studies associating the atmospheric factors (pressure, humidity, wind, and sunlight) with CVDs particularly in arid regions such as Gonabad city. To our knowledge, there is no study investigating the role of environmental stress in Gonabad. Thus, this is the first study that investigates the association between environmental factors and CVDs mortality in Gonabad city.