Ethics approval and consent to participate
All studies included in the analysis had been granted ethical approvals from their countries of origin. Data were pseudonymised, de-identified, and could not be traced to original participants. This analysis did not require additional ethics committee review according to Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee guidelines.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available for access via the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN.org). Requests for access will be reviewed by a Data Access Committee to ensure that the use of data protects the interests of the participants and researchers according to the terms of ethics approval and principles of equitable data sharing. Requests can be submitted by email to [email protected] via the Data Access Form available at WWARN.org/accessing-data. The WWARN is registered with the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data.org).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Funding
The funders of this study had no role in the conceptualisation, design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. RJC had full access to all the study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. RJC, BEB, MJG, JAS, and RNP are supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grants (1194702, 2016792, 2017436, 1196068, 2008501). CSC works at Shoklo Malaria Research Unit which is supported by the Wellcome Trust (220211). CSC, NJW and FN are supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 089179). NJW is a Wellcome Trust Principal Fellow (093956/Z/10/C). JH receives salary support from the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative. MVGL is a fellow from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). This research was supported by grants from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Authors' contributions
ESG, JAS, RNP, and RJC conceived the study, analysed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. PE and MR provided technical support. AbA, TA, IA, BA, MSA, SGA, NMA, AsA, GRA, JKB, BEB, IBF, SCB, NHC, CSC, LC, AD, TMED, NPJD, PJdV, TSD, AMD, MDE, AE, MUF, PG, LGC, MJG, PJG, MAH, AH, JH, PAK, HK, TK, WAK, MVGL, SLA, ML, TL, BL, KL, RJL, AHM, WMM, BRM, IM, MNN, FN, DBP, GTP, APP, JRP, SP, RNP, KRR, MR, JS, AMS, KSa, IS, WRJT, PVT, KT, GT, BQT, NV, LvS, SW, NJW, TW, CJW, AW, and LMZI conceived and undertook the individual studies and enrolled the patients. All authors revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
We thank all patients and staff who participated in these clinical trials at all the sites, and the WWARN team for technical and administrative support. The WWARN P. vivax Fever Study Group† comprises the named authors and the following additional authors, who we would like to thank and acknowledge:
Abraham Aseffa, Tesfay Abreha, Ishag Adam, Bipin Adhikari, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Sisay Getachew Alemu, Nicholas M Anstey, Ashenafi Assefa, Ghulam Rahim Awab, J Kevin Baird, Bridget E Barber, Isabelle Borghini-Fuhrer, Sarah C Boyd, Nguyen Hoang Chau, Cindy S Chu, Liwang Cui, Timothy M E Davis, Nicholas PJ Day, Peter J de Vries, Tamiru Shibiru Degaga, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas M Douglas, Michael D Edstein, Annette Erhart , Marcelo U Ferreira, Prakash Ghimire, Lilia Gonzalez‑Ceron, Matthew J Grigg, Philippe J Guerin, Mohammad Anwar Hasanzai, Aliehsan Heidari, Jimee Hwang, Piet A Kager, Harin Karunajeewa, Tsige Ketema, Wasif Ali Khan, Marcus V G Lacerda, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, Moses Laman, Toby Leslie, Benedikt Ley, Kartini Lidia, Rhea J Longley, Asrat Hailu Mekuria, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Brioni R Moore, Ivo Mueller, Mohammad Nader Naadim, Francois Nosten, Giao Trong Phan, Aung Pyae Phyo, Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo, David J Price, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Komal Raj Rijal, Mark Rowland, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, André M Siqueira, Kasia Stepniewska, Inge Sutanto, Walter R J Taylor, Pham Vinh Thanh, Kamala Thriemer, Guy Thwaites, Binh Quang Tran, Neena Valecha, Sonam Wangchuk, Nicholas J White, Timothy William, Charles J Woodrow, Adugna Woyessa, Lina M Zuluaga-Idarraga.