This study designed to discover the prevalence of tobacco smoking and the deaths related to CRDs in relation to the countries situated in Asian and European regions, identified that the countries which showed an increasing average for CRDDR, didn’t specifically have a significant yearly change for either SP or CRDDR. This includes countries like Georgia which was revealed not to have a significant variation for both SP and CRDDR, and countries like Montenegro, which didn’t bring forth a substantial result for CRDDR.
The findings of this study further observed that in consideration of Kazakhstan the only country to have a significant variation in the Asian region, as an increase of SP, may be because of the lower age of initiation of smoking and the lack of advice by healthcare professionals against smoking [29]. However, a previous study conducted to find the intention of current smokers to quit smoking found that more than 70% of smokers intended to quit the habit for reasons like; smoking restrictions in the household, being elderly, and gaining higher knowledge of health risks related to tobacco smoking [30]. Though dietary risks rank among the highest risks in the country smoking also brings a vast influence which leads the population into disease and death risks specially through SP as the results of the study depicts.
Moreover, the significant decrease observed in Kazakhstan for CRDDR may be a result of under reporting, and giving low magnitude to the dangers of CRDs by the citizens [31]. In contrast to this study’s findings some investigations have uncovered that cause of reasons such as air pollution caused due to urbanization, and higher GDP, an increase in mortality rates due to CRDs can be observed [32, 33]. In contrast to the results of the study the country profile shows that lower respiratory infections which directly related to CRDDR are a significant risk factor which causes deaths.
Factors like chronic stress, depression, sleep problems, financial difficulties, adulthood, and male gender can be considered as the main suspects for the increase of SP in adults, while parental smoking, male gender, and high pocket money will result in adolescent smoking in the European country Greece, according to previously conducted research [34–36]. As per the study it is obvious that the main cause for the deaths from 1990 to 2019 proves to be tobacco which is influenced through smoking, without any slight decrease or change. In contradiction, a study conducted to find the impact of the financial crisis on the CRDs mortality rates in Greece, discovered that a lower GDP will decrease the sales of cigarettes, which is the main culprit in tobacco smoking. However, in the same study it was discovered that due to the lack of following of the policies implemented regarding public smoking, a rise in CRDs mortality is seen as a result of passive smoking [37].
Furthermore, in support of the increase observed for CRDDR in Greece for this study, reasons such as lack of awareness of CRDs, air pollution, high exposure to CRDs risk factors, and healthcare barriers including financial difficulties, health illiteracy, discrimination, were identified in past literature [22, 38]. Greece shows a slight increase in respiratory diseases, while the study proves that smoking directly results in the increase of CRDs. Contrary to the significant yearly increase observed in the current study for the countries Norway and Sweden in the European region, recent research has discovered a decrease in the prevalence of deaths caused due to CRDs [25, 26].