Through this section described about the implementation of the control techniques for bettering PQ by making use of UPQC linked non-linear system is described in Fig. 4.
The output performance was assessed using the ANN technique of the UPQC, defined in Figure 5. In Figure 5, the compensation of PQ problems in supply voltage, the peak value of 380V at the onset of fault occurrence, was analyzed (a). The compensation of the UPQC supply current using the ANN technique was evaluated in Figure 5 (b). The PQ problems occurred at 90A in the 0.2 seconds to 0.25 seconds here and it takes 0.25 seconds to 0.3 seconds to compensate for the PQ problems. Load voltage and load current compensation for UPQC using the ANN technique has been calculated in Figure 5 (c and d). Load voltage and current occurred here at 0.2 seconds to 0.25 seconds for voltage sag and load voltage and current takes 370V and 30A for voltage sag (Manivasagam Rajendran 2020).
The injected voltage in Fig. 6 (b) will show the position of the swells, where the voltage difference is 0.04 at 750 V to 0.08 at 200 V. In Renduchintala & Chengzong Pang (2016). In Fig. 7 (b), the injected voltage will show the position of the sag/swells, where the voltage variation is from 0.04 to 0.08 above 400V .Then equalizing the injected voltage and the source voltage can be matched and the load can get adequate load voltage without distortions.
The feedback control mechanism works immediately when the UPQC is converted to ON, forcing the dc connection voltage of different techniques are shown in Fig. 8 (a), (b), (c). The settling voltage is the 240V, 250V and 70V settling phase without the controller, FLC and NFC technique.
Table 1
The NFC, FLC and NN Dependent Controller RMS Voltages
Time instant in sec
|
RMS Voltage
(in Volts)
|
RMS Voltage ( in Volts) after PQ enhancement
|
NFC
|
FLC
|
NN
|
0.03
|
95
|
28
|
63
|
49
|
0.06
|
91
|
31
|
81
|
53
|
0.13
|
91
|
53
|
56
|
53
|
0.15
|
70
|
74
|
76
|
75
|
0.17
|
88
|
31
|
77
|
40
|
Table.2 Review of the results of various techniques
Solution techniques
|
Fault time (in sec)
|
Source voltage during fault
(in V)
|
Load voltage (in V)
|
THD level
|
UPQC
|
0.04–0.08
|
400
|
300
|
4.2547
|
ANN
|
0.04–0.08
|
400
|
340
|
3.0125
|
FLC
|
0.04–0.08
|
400
|
360
|
3.5364
|
NFC
|
0.04–0.08
|
400
|
370
|
2.8239
|
In Table 1, the RMS voltages from different controllers are specified. Table 2 explains the output of the controllers listed in relation to PQ.