Abbas, S. S., & Jabeen, T. (2020). Prevalence of child abuse among the university students: a retrospective cross-sectional study in University of the Punjab, Pakistan. International quarterly of community health education, 40(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0272684X19861578
Bastick, M., Grimm, K. and Kunz, R. (2007). 'Sexual violence in armed conflict: Global overview and implications for the security sector', Geneva: DCAF.
Bhuyan, A., Jorgensen, A., & Sharma, S. (2010). Taking the pulse of policy: the policy implementation assessment tool. Washington DC: USAID.
Bicchieri, C. (2005). The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms. Cambridge University Press.
Bilal, R. (2018) 12 acquitted by ATC for lack of evidence in Kasur child abuse case. (2018, February 24). Dawn. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1391420
Cashmore, J., Taylor, A., Shackel, R. & Parkinson, P. (2016). The impact of delayed reporting on the prosecution and outcomes of child sexual abuse cases. Sydney: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). Child abuse and neglect: Prevention strategies, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/prevention.html
Child Frontiers (2012) Working with Community-Based Child Protection Committees and Networks: Handbook for Facilitators. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Community_Child_Protection_Committees_HandbookEnglis.pdf
Cohen, S. P. (2011). The future of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press.
Collin-Vézina, D., De La Sablonnière-Griffin, M., Palmer, A. M., & Milne, L. (2015). A preliminary mapping of individual, relational, and social factors that impede disclosure of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 43, 123-134.
Fears of serial child killer in Kasur. The Nation (2018, January 17). Retrieved from https://nation.com.pk/17-Jan-2018/fears-of-serial-child-killer-in-kasur
Federal Ombudsman & National Commission for Children (2019) REPORT ON KASUR TRAGEDY & REDRESSAL OF SYSTEMIC ISSUES Mapping of Issues & Response to Sexual Violence against Children. Retrieved March 10, 2021, from website: http://www.mohtasib.gov.pk/images/pdfs/Report_Kasur.pdf
Finkelhore, D. (1984). Child sexual abuse: New Theory and research. New York, NY: Free Press.
Finkelhor, D., & Korbin, J. (1988). Child abuse as an international issue. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12(1), 3-23.
Finkelhor, D. & Dziuba-Leatherman, J. (1995). Victimization prevention programs: A national survey of children’s exposure and reactions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 129–139. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(94)00111-7
Fortney, T., Levenson, J., Brannon, Y., & Baker, J. N. (2007). Myths and facts about sexual offenders: Implications for treatment and public policy. Sexual Offender Treatment, 2(1), 1-15.
Frederick, J. (2010). Sexual abuse and exploitation of boys in South Asia: A review of research findings, legislation, policy, and programme responses. United Nation’s Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Innocenti Research Centre. Retrieved from https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/iwp_2010_02.pdf
Gardezi, H 1991, A re-examination of the socio-political history of Pakistan, Edwin Meller, Lewiston, New York.
Gardner, R. (2003). Supporting families: Child protection in the community. John Wiley & Sons.
Gilbert, N., Parton, N., & Skivenes, M. (2011). Child protection systems: international trends and orientations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gilligan, P., & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in Asian communities: listening to what women say. British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361–1377
Gishkori, Z. (2020, Nov 13). ‘Only 0.3pc rape suspects convicted in past six years. The News : https://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/743136-only-0-3pc-rape-suspects-convicted-in-past-six-years?
Goldman, et al. (2003). A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Child abuse and neglect user manual series.
Government of Pakistan (2017), Census Report 2017, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.
Hammond, M., Miller, M. K., & Griffin, T. (2010). Safe haven laws as crime control theater. Child abuse & neglect, 34(7), 545-552.
Hudson, P. (1999). Community development and child protection: A case for integration. Community Development Journal, 34(4), 346-355.
Jabeen, T. (2013). Pakistan's Child Protection Legislative and Policy Frameworks: A Critical Review. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 5(2), 159.
Jabeen, T. (2014). Child Protection Data: an analysis of Newspapers Coverage of child protection issues in Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 29(1), 125-136.
Jabeen, T. (2016). Child protection legislation in Pakistan: Bringing international child rights obligations and local values together. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 8(3), 16.
Jabeen, T., & Jabeen, S. (2016). Ideals of human rights and socioeconomic realities: The larger context of Pakistan's child-protection policy. Journal of Human Rights, 17(1), 44-57.
Khan, Ehtisham (2020, February 13). Majority of child abuse suspects set free due to poor investigations. (2020, February 13). Tribune. Retrieved from
Levenson, J. S., Brannon, Y. N., Fortney, T., & Baker, J. (2007). Public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 7(1), 137-161.
Ligiero, D., Hart, C., Fulu, E., Thomas, A., & Radford, L. (2019). What works to prevent sexual violence against children: Evidence Review. Together for Girls. Oak Foundation, The Equality Institute, Together for Girls. https://www.togetherforgirls.org/wp-content/uploads/2019-11-15-What-Works-to-Prevent-Sexual-Violence-Against-Children-Evidence-Review.pdf
London, K., Bruck, M., Ceci, S., & Shuman, D. (2003) Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11(1), 194-226.
Lonne, B., Russ, E., Harrison, C., Morley, L., Harries, M., Robertson, S., Pearce, T., & Smith, J. (2021). The “Front Door” to Child Protection—Issues and Innovations. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 3(4), 351-367.
Mathews, B., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2019). Child sexual abuse: Toward a conceptual model and definition. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), 131-148.
McElvaney, R. (2015). Disclosure of child sexual abuse: Delays, non‐disclosure and partial disclosure. What the research tells us and implications for practice. Child Abuse Review, 24(3), 159-169.
Mustafa, A., & Mehmood, A. (2015). The Kasur Incident of Child Abuse: A Fact Funding Report for analyzing State of Child Protection in Pakistan. Lahore: University of the Punjab.
National Commission for Child Welfare and Development (NCCWD) & UNICEF, ( 2008). KAP study on child protection rights and responsibilities. Islamabad, Pakistan: NCCWD & UNICEF.
Parton, N. (2020). Addressing the relatively autonomous relationship between child maltreatment and child protection policies and practices. International journal on child maltreatment: research, policy and practice, 3(1), 19-34.
Pulla, V. (2017). Child protection system reforms in the regional consultation of the South Asian nations. The Malaysian Journal of Social Administration, 10(1), 29-44.
Qadeer, M. (2006). Pakistan-social and cultural transformations in a Muslim Nation. Routledge.
Radford, R., Allnock, D., & Hynes, P. (2016) Promising programmes To prevent and respond to Child sexual abuse and exploitation, UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/documents/promising-programmes-prevent-and-respond-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation
Roose, R., & De Bie, M. 2008: Children's rights: a challenge for social work. International Social Work, 51(1), 37-46.
Mazmanian, D. A., & Sabatier, P. A. (1983). Implementation and public policy. Scott Foresman.
Sedlak, A. J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Peta, I., McPherson, K., & Greene, A. (2010). Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4). Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 9, 2010.
Sahil. (2017). Cruel numbers. Islamabad, Pakistan: Sahil. Retrieved April 8, 2021 from http://sahil.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Cruel-Numbers-Report-2017-1.pdf
Sahil. (2018). Cruel numbers 2018. Islamabad, Pakistan: Sahil.
Sahil. (2019). Cruel numbers 2019. Islamabad, Pakistan: Sahil. Retrieved April 8, 2021 from http://sahil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cruel-Numbers-2019-final.pdf
Sanderson, J. (2004). Child-focused sexual abuse prevention programs. Crime and Misconduct Commission: Research and Issues paper Series, 50, 1-8.
Save the Children Norway. (2005). 10 Essential learning points: Listen and speak out against sexual abuse of girls and boys. Global submission by The International Save the Children Alliance, UN study on violence against children
Trocmé, N., MacLaurin, B., Fallon, B., Daciuk, J., Billingsley, D., Tourigny, M., ... & Hornick, J. (2001). Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect: Final report. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada.
UNICEF(1989). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Retrieved April 8, 2021 from https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-04/UN-Convention-Rights-Child-text.pdf
UNICEF(2004). Creating a protective environment for children in Pakistan: Unicef strategy and major lines of action. Islamabad, Pakistan: Unicef Pakistan Country Office.
UNICEF. (2006). General Comments of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Florence: Innocenti Research Centre.
World Health Organization (2016), INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence Against Children. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/57878f5e4.html [accessed 8 April 2021]
Wright, S. (2004). Child protection in the community: a community development approach. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 13(6), 384-398.
Young, S., McKenzie, M., Omre, C., Schjelderup, L., & Walker, S. (2014). Practicing from theory: Thinking and knowing to “Do” child protection work. Social Sciences, 3(4), 893-915.
Zehra, A. (2019) Fair trial concerns plague Pakistan sexual assault cases. (2019, October 17). Aljazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/fair-trial-concerns-plague-pakistan-sexual-assault-cases-191017053618447.html