The study population included 4624 males and 5310 females, aged 35–70 years old as well as 526 males and 505 females who had a history of CVD, and also 69 males and 84 females who had a history of stroke. The mean age of participants was 49.94 and there was a statistically significant difference in the mean age of CVD and control groups (no CVD) (p < 0.001). Also, there were differences in gender, educational level, physical activity, Wealth score index, cigarette smoking and opium consumption between CVD and no CVD groups (Table 1).
The prevalence of stroke in women (55%) was higher than in men (45%). In addition, there were differences in age, educational level, physical activity, Wealth score index, and cigarette smoking between stroke and control groups (no stroke). The demographic features of patients are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of study participants in RCS.
characteristic | Total | CVD | No-CVD | P-Value | Total | Stroke | No-stroke | P-Value |
(n = 9933 ) | (n = 1031) | (n = 8902) | (n = 9934) | (n = 153) | (n = 9781) |
Age- yr. n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
35–45 | 3697(37.22) | 80(7.76) | 3617(40.63) | | 3697(37.22) | 17(11.11) | 3680(37.63) | |
46–55 | 3060(30.81) | 263(25.51) | 2797(31.42) | 3060(30.81) | 32(20.92) | 3028(30.96) |
≥ 56 | 3176(31.97) | 688(66.73) | 2488(27.95) | 3176(31.97) | 104(67.97) | 3072(31.41) |
Mean ± SD | 49.94 ± 9.56 | 57.79 ± 7.64 | 49.03 ± 9.35 | < 0.001 | 49.94 ± 9.56 | 57.71 ± 8.07 | 49.82 ± 9.54 | < 0.001 |
Gender- n (%) | | | 0.002 | | | | 0.717 |
Male | 4624(46.55) | 526(51.02) | 4098(46.03) | | 4624(46.55) | 69(45.10) | 4555(46.57) | |
Female | 5310(53.45) | 505(48.98) | 4805(53.97) | 5310(53.45) | 84(54.90) | 5226(53.43) |
Education-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
≤ 5 years | 3484(35.09) | 529(51.36) | 2955(33.21) | | 3484(35.09) | 93(61.18) | 3391(34.68) | |
6–12 years | 4820(48.54) | 394(38.25) | 4426(49.74) | 4820(48.54) | 45(29.61) | 4775(48.84) |
≥ 13 years | 1625(16.37) | 107(10.39) | 1518(17.06) | 1625(16.37) | 14(9.21) | 1611(16.48) |
Mean ± SD | 8.52 ± 5.05 | 6.41 ± 5.07 | 8.76 ± 4.99 | < 0.001 | 8.52 ± 5.05 | 5.42 ± 4.88 | 8.57 ± 5.04 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.003 |
Low | 2541(25.58) | 393(38.12) | 2148(24.13) | | 2541(25.58) | 56(36.60) | 2485(25.41) | |
Moderate | 4908(49.41) | 450(43.65) | 4458(50.07) | 4908(49.41) | 58(37.91) | 4850(49.59) |
Heavy | 2485(25.02) | 188(18.23) | 2297(25.80) | 2485(25.02) | 39(25.49) | 2446(25.01) |
Mean ± SD | 38.79 ± 6.32 | 37.27 ± 5.57 | 38.97 ± 6.38 | < 0.001 | 38.79 ± 6.32 | 37.88 ± 7.42 | 38.81 ± 6.30 | 0.071 |
WSI- n (%) | | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.037 |
Low | 2335(23.53) | 282(27.38) | 2053(23.08) | | 2335(23.53) | 45(29.61) | 2290(23.43) | |
Low-middle | 2850(28.72) | 339(32.91) | 2511(28.23) | 2850(28.72) | 51(33.55) | 2799(28.64) |
Middle-high | 3975(40.05) | 357(34.66) | 3618(40.67) | 3975(40.05) | 50(32.89) | 3925(40.16) |
High | 765(7.71) | 52(5.05) | 713(8.02) | 765(7.71) | 6(3.95) | 759(7.77) |
Mean ± SD | -0.002 ± 1.00 | -0.188 ± 0.994 | 0.019 ± 0.999 | < 0.001 | -0.002 ± 1.00 | -0.295 ± 1.111 | 0.002 ± 0.998 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption- n (%) | | | 0.918 | | | | 0.759 |
No | 8921(89.98) | 925(89.89) | 7996(89.99) | | 8921(89.98) | 137(90.73) | 8784(89.97) | |
Yes | 993(10.02) | 104(10.11) | 889(10.01) | 993(10.02) | 14(9.27) | 979(10.03) |
Cigarette smoking- n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.036 |
Never | 7371(74.35) | 688(66.86) | 6683(75.22) | | 7371(74.35) | 104(68.87) | 7267(74.43) | |
Current | 1679(16.94) | 187(18.17) | 1492(16.79) | 1679(16.94) | 25(16.56) | 1654(16.94) |
Former | 864(8.71) | 154(14.97) | 710(7.99) | 864(8.71) | 22(14.57) | 842(8.62) |
Opium consumption- n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.11 |
No | 7569(76.35) | 671(65.21) | 6898(77.64) | | 7569(76.35) | 107(70.86) | 7462(76.43) | |
yes | 2345(23.65) | 358(34.79) | 1987(22.36) | 2345(23.65) | 44(29.14) | 2301(23.57) |
Abbreviations: Wealth score index (WSI); Cardiovascular disease (CVD). |
Anthropometric indices, medical and laboratory characteristics of study participants were shown in Table 2. There were differences in BMI (P = 0.031), Wrist (P = 0.001), WC (P < 0.001), WHtR (P < 0.001), WHR (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), low HDL (P < 0.001), high LDL (P < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (P < 0.001) between CVD and no CVD groups (Table 2).
In addition, there were differences in BMI (P = 0.047), WC (P = 0.006), WHtR (P < 0.001), WHR (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), low HDL (P < 0.001), and high LDL (P < 0.001) between stroke and control groups (no stroke) in Table 2.
Table 2
Anthropometric indices, medical and laboratory characteristics of study participants in RCS.
variables | Total | CVD | No-CVD | P-Value | Total | Stroke | No-stroke | P-Value |
(n = 9933 ) | (n = 1031) | (n = 8902) | (n = 9934) | (n = 153) | (n = 9781) |
BMI-n (%) | | | 0.05 | | | | 0.047 |
> 25 | 2868(28.89) | 275(26.67) | 2593(29.14) | | 2868(28.89) | 39(25.49) | 2829(28.94) | |
25_29.99 | 4070(41) | 413(40.06) | 3657(41.10) | 4070(41) | 54(35.29) | 4016(41.08) |
>=30 | 2990(30.12) | 343(33.27) | 2647(29.75) | 2990(30.12) | 60(39.22) | 2930(29.97) |
Mean ± SD | 27.82 ± 4.92 | 28.13 ± 5.02 | 27.78 ± 4.90 | 0.031 | 27.82 ± 4.92 | 28.46 ± 5.95 | 27.81 ± 4.90 | 0.103 |
Wrist | | | 0.001 | | | | 0.254 |
Quartile 1 | 2430(24.48) | 225(21.84) | 2205(24.79) | | 2430(24.48) | 33(21.57) | 2397(24.53) | |
Quartile 2 | 2630(26.50) | 265(25.73) | 2365(26.58) | 2630(26.50) | 37(24.18) | 2593(26.53) |
Quartile 3 | 2438(24.56) | 237(23.01) | 2201(24.74) | 2438(24.56) | 35(22.88) | 2403(24.59) |
Quartile 4 | 2428(24.46) | 303(29.42) | 2125(23.89) | 2428(24.46) | 48(31.37) | 2380(24.35) |
WC-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.006 |
Normal | 4651(46.86) | 408(39.61) | 4243(47.70) | | 4651(46.86) | 55(35.95) | 4596(47.03) | |
Abnormal | 5274(53.14) | 622(60.39) | 4652(52.30) | 5274(53.14) | 98(64.05) | 5176(52.97) |
WHtR | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
Quartile 1 | 2484(25.03) | 155(15.05) | 2329(26.18) | | 2484(25.03) | 22(14.38) | 2462(25.19) | |
Quartile 2 | 2476(24.94) | 237(23.01) | 2239(25.17) | 2476(24.94) | 30(19.61) | 2446(25.03) |
Quartile 3 | 2486(25.05) | 274(26.60) | 2212(24.87) | 2486(25.05) | 35(22.88) | 2451(25.08) |
Quartile 4 | 2480(24.98) | 2480(24.98) | 2116(23.79) | 2480(24.98) | 66(43.14) | 2414(24.70) |
WHR | | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
Quartile 1 | 2507(25.26) | 143(13.88) | 2364(26.57) | | 2507(25.26) | 18(11.76) | 2489(25.47) | |
Quartile 2 | 2459(24.77) | 213(20.68) | 2246(25.25) | 2459(24.77) | 29(18.95) | 2430(24.86) |
Quartile 3 | 2472(24.90) | 268(26.02) | 2204(24.78) | 2472(24.90) | 34(22.22) | 2438(24.95) |
Quartile 4 | 2488(25.07) | 406(39.42) | 2082(23.40) | 2488(25.07) | 72(47.06) | 2416(24.72) |
Hypertension -n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
No | 7699(77.50) | 515(49.95) | 7184(80.69) | | 7699(77.50) | 69(45.10) | 7630(78.01) | |
yes | 2235(22.50) | 516(50.05) | 1719(19.31) | 2235(22.50) | 84(54.90) | 2151(21.99) |
Diabetes-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
No | 8001(80.54) | 632(61.30) | 7369(82.77) | | 8001(80.54) | 93(60.78) | 7908(80.85) | |
yes | 1933(19.46) | 399(38.70) | 1534(17.23) | 1933(19.46) | 60(39.22) | 1873(19.15) |
First-degree family history of Diabetes-n (%) | | 0.503 | | | | 0.23 |
No | 5041(50.74) | 513(49.76) | 4528(50.86) | | 5041(50.74) | 85(55.56) | 4956(50.67) | |
yes | 4893(49.26) | 518(50.24) | 4375(49.14) | 4893(49.26) | 68(44.44) | 4825(49.33) |
First-degree family history of Hypertension -n (%) | 0.796 | | | | 0.778 |
No | 4462(44.92) | 467(45.30) | 3995(44.87) | | 4462(44.92) | 67(43.79) | 4395(44.93) | |
yes | 5472(55.08) | 564(54.70) | 4908(55.13) | 5472(55.08) | 86(56.21) | 5386(55.07) |
High TG-n (%) | | | 0.608 | | | | 0.362 |
No | 5199(52.56) | 547(53.31) | 4652(52.47) | | 5199(52.56) | 86(56.21) | 5113(52.50) | |
yes | 4693(47.44) | 479(46.69) | 4214(47.53) | 4693(47.44) | 67(43.79) | 4626(47.50) |
Mean ± SD | 169.16 ± 110.74 | 169.21 ± 95.85 | 169.15 ± 112.34 | 0.988 | 169.16 ± 110.74 | 169.03 ± 99.67 | 169.16 ± 110.91 | 0.988 |
Low HDL-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
No | 8716(88.10) | 842(82.07) | 7874(88.80) | | 8716(88.10) | 119(77.78) | 8597(88.26) | |
yes | 1177(11.90) | 184(17.93) | 993(11.20) | 1177(11.90) | 34(22.22) | 1143(11.74) |
Mean ± SD | 57.75 ± 10.87 | 55.22 ± 11.12 | 58.04 ± 10.81 | < 0.001 | 57.75 ± 10.87 | 54.86 ± 11.78 | 57.80 ± 10.85 | < 0.001 |
High LDL-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | < 0.001 |
No | 6477(65.53) | 351(34.24) | 6126(69.15) | | 6477(65.53) | 77(50.33) | 6400(658.77) | |
yes | 3407(34.47) | 674(65.76) | 2733(30.85) | 3407(34.47) | 76(49.67) | 3331(34.23) |
Mean ± SD | 108.18 ± 30.29 | 96.89 ± 36.02 | 109.48 ± 29.28 | <0.001 | 108.18 ± 30.29 | 99.28 ± 32.47 | 108.32 ± 30.23 | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia-n (%) | | | < 0.001 | | | | 0.071 |
No | 2635(26.66) | 134(13.07) | 2501(28.23) | | 2635(26.66) | 31(20.26) | 2604(26.76) | |
Yes | 7248(73.34) | 891(86.93) | 6357(77.71) | 7248(73.34) | 122(79.74) | 7126(73.24) |
Abbreviations: Cardiovascular disease (CVD); Body mass index (BMI); Triglyceride (TG); High-density lipoprotein (HDL); Low-density lipoprotein (LDL); Waist circumference (WC); Waist-to-hip (WHR), and waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) . |
Table 3 shows the odds ratio of Stroke disease by anthropometric indices. The results showed that the odds of stroke increased by 52% in participants with BMI ≥ 30 (OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.29) and 58% in participants with abnormal WC (OR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.13–2.21) in the crude model. After adjusting confounding variables in adjusted models 1 and 2, this relationship did not remain significant.
Also, the odds of stroke increased about two and four times in participants who were in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of WHR in the crud model (OR quartile 3: 1.92, 95% CI 1.09–3.42), and after adjusted confounding variables in adjusted model 1 and 2, only quartile 4 remain significant (model 1: OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.31–3.94 and model 2: OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.09–3.42).
The odds of stroke increased 3 times in participants with quartile 4 of WHtR in the crude model (OR: 3.05, 95% CI 1.88–4.97) and remain significant after adjusted confounding variables in adjusted model 1 (OR: 2.00, 95% CI 1.20–3.34).
Table 3
The odds ratio of Stroke disease by anthropometric indices.
Stroke | Crude Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 |
BMI | | | |
< 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–29.99 | 1.00(0.66–1.52) | 1.11(0.72–1.73) | 0.94(0.60–1.48) |
≥ 30 | 1.52(1.01–2.29) | 1.58(1.00–2.50) | 1.22(0.76–1.96) |
WC | | | |
normal | 1 | 1 | 1 |
abnormal | 1.58(1.13–2.21) | 1.34(0.94–1.92) | 1.01(0.77–1.60) |
WHR | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.65(0.91–2.98) | 1.45(0.79–2.67) | 1.41(0.77–2.61) |
Quartile 3 | 1.92(1.09–3.42) | 1.37(0.76–2.50) | 1.23(0.67–2.27) |
Quartile 4 | 4.12(2.45–6.93) | 2.26(1.31–3.94) | 1.93(1.09–3.42) |
WHtR | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.37(0.79–2.39) | 1.21(0.69–2.15) | 1.10(0.62–1.97) |
Quartile 3 | 1.59(0.93–2.73) | 1.22(0.71–2.14) | 1.05(0.60–1.86) |
Quartile 4 | 3.05(1.88–4.97) | 2.00(1.20–3.34) | 1.57(0.93–2.69) |
Wrist | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.03(0.65–1.66) | 1.02(0.63–1.65) | 0.94(0.58–1.53) |
Quartile 3 | 1.05(0.66–1.71) | 0.98(0.60–1.60) | 0.82(0.50–1.36) |
Quartile 4 | 1.46(0.94–2.29) | 1.27(0.80 -2.00) | 1.02(0.64–1.63) |
The crude model is stratified on the status of the Stroke. The adjusted model 1 is adjusted for confounding variables Age (continuous variable), Gender (male/ female), Education (continuous variable), WSI (continuous variable), cigarette smoking (never, current, former), alcohol consumption (yes/no), opium consumption (yes/no), physical activity level (continuous variable), first-degree family history of MI (yes/no), first-degree family history of cardiac disease (yes/no). The adjusted model 2 is adjusted for confounding variables in adjusted model 1 and Diabetes (yes/ no), Hypertension (yes/no), LDL (continuous variable), TG (continuous variable), HDL (continuous variable), and Cholesterol (continuous variable). Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-Hip ratio; WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio; WSI: Wealth score index. |
Table 4 shows the odds ratio of cardiovascular disease by anthropometric indices. Results in the crude model indicated that odds of cardiovascular disease significantly increased in participants with BMI ≥ 30 (OR:1.23, 95% CI1.04-1.46), abnormal WC (OR:1.39, 95% CI1.22-1.59), WHR (quartile 2 OR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.26–1.95; quartile 3 OR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.63–2.48; and quartile 4 OR: 3.22, 95% CI 2.64–3.94), WHtR (quartile 2 OR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.29–1.96; quartile 3 OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.52–2.29; and quartile 4 OR: 2.58, 95% CI 2.12–3.15) and quartile 4 of Wrist (OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.16–1.68).
After adjusting confounding variables in model 1, there was a significant relationship between the increased risk of cardiovascular disease with BMI ≥ 30 (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.59), abnormal WC (OR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.40), quartile 3 and 4 of WHR (quartile 3 OR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.60; and quartile 4 OR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.29–1.99) and quartile 2, 3, and 4 of WHtR (quartile 2 OR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.65; quartile 3 OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.61; and quartile 4 OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.25–1.90).
In the adjusted model 2, only quartile 4 of WHR remained significant and increased the odds of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.10–1.75).
Table 4
The odds ratio of cardiovascular disease by anthropometric indices.
CVD | Crude Model | Model 1 | Model 2 |
BMI | | | |
< 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–29.99 | 1.07(0.91–1.26) | 1.15(0.97–1.38) | 1.01(0.84–1.22) |
≥ 30 | 1.23(1.04–1.46) | 1.30(1.07–1.59) | 1.03(0.84–1.28) |
WC | | | |
Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Abnormal | 1.39(1.22–1.59) | 1.21(1.04–1.40) | 1.02(0.88–1.20) |
WHR | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.56(1.26–1.95) | 1.26(1.00–1.59) | 1.25(0.99–1.59) |
Quartile 3 | 2.01(1.63–2.48) | 1.27(1.02–1.60) | 1.16(0.92–1.47) |
Quartile 4 | 3.22(2.64–3.94) | 1.60(1.29–1.99) | 1.38(1.10–1.75) |
WHtR | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.59(1.29–1.96) | 1.31(1.05–1.65) | 1.24(0.99–1.57) |
Quartile 3 | 1.86(1.52–2.29) | 1.29(1.04–1.61) | 1.13(0.90–1.43) |
Quartile 4 | 2.58(2.12–3.15) | 1.54(1.25–1.90) | 1.23(0.99–1.55) |
Wrist | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.09(0.91–1.32) | 1.05(0.87–1.29) | 0.98(0.80–1.20) |
Quartile 3 | 1.05(0.87–1.28) | 0.96(0.78–1.18) | 0.81(0.66–1.01) |
Quartile 4 | 1.39(1.16–1.68) | 1.18(0.97–1.44) | 0.95(0.78–1.18) |
The crude model is stratified on the status of CVD. The adjusted model 1 is adjusted for confounding variables Age (continuous variable), Gender (male/ female), Education (continuous variable), WSI (continuous variable), cigarette smoking (never, current, former), alcohol consumption (yes/no), opium consumption (yes/no), physical activity level (continuous variable), first-degree family history of MI (yes/no), first-degree family history of cardiac disease (yes/no). The adjusted model 2 is adjusted for confounding variables in adjusted model 1 and Diabetes (yes/ no), Hypertension (yes/no), LDL (continuous variable), TG (continuous variable), HDL (continuous variable), and Cholesterol (continuous variable). Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-Hip ratio; WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio; WSI: Wealth score index. |
Table 5 shows the odds ratio of risk factors for cardiovascular disease by anthropometric indices. The results of this table show that all risk factors of cardiovascular disease are linked to anthropometric indices, and the increase in each of the anthropometric indices increases the odds of the risk of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The dose–response increase was seen with the highest ORs in the fourth quartile for anthropometric indices.
Table 5
The odds ratio of risk factors for cardiovascular disease by anthropometric indices.
| Dyslipidemia | LDL | HDL | TG | Cholesterol |
WHR | | | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 2.27(2.01–2.57) | 1.67(1.29–1.68) | 1.64(1.17–1.82) | 2.32(2.06–2.62) | 1.66(1.47–1.86) |
Quartile 3 | 3.00(2.64–3.43) | 1.66(1.46–1.89) | 2.12(1.71–2.62) | 3.19(2.82–3.60) | 1.84(1.63–2.07) |
Quartile 4 | 3.84(3.34–3.43) | 1.55(1.36–1.77) | 2.86(2.32–3.54) | 4.16(3.67–4.72) | 1.85(1.64–2.09) |
WHtR | | | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 2.64(2.34–3.00) | 1.74(1.52–1.98) | 1.69(1.36–2.08) | 2.58(2.29–2.91) | 1.88(1.67–2.12) |
Quartile 3 | 3.38(2.97–3.86) | 1.68(1.47–1.92) | 1.87(1.51–2.30) | 3.22(2.85–3.63) | 1.00(1.77–2.25) |
Quartile4 | 4.13(3.60–4.76) | 1.94(1.70–2.20) | 2.20(1.78–2.71) | 4.02(3.55–4.56) | 2.25(1.99–2.54) |
BMI | | | | | |
<25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25-29.99 | 2.39(2.15–2.68) | 1.46(1.31–1.64) | 1.83(1.51–2.23) | 2.37(2.14–2.63) | 1.67(1.51–1.85) |
30-34.99 | 3.20(2.79–3.69) | 1.61(1.41–1.83) | 1.71(1.38–2.11) | 2.97(2.63–3.36) | 1.93(1.71–2.18) |
35-39.99 | 3.01(2.38–3.82) | 1.48(1.21–1.82) | 2.03(1.52–2.72) | 3.54(2.91–4.29) | 1.73(1.42–2.11) |
≥ 40 | 5.50(3.32–9.10) | 2.19(1.55–3.09) | 2.00(1.26–3.19) | 3.10(2.23–4.31) | 2.54(1.78–3.62) |
WC | | | | | |
normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
abnormal | 2.26(2.05–2.49) | 1.24(1.34–1.36) | 1.82(1.57–2.11) | 2.20(2.02–2.40) | 1.41(1.30–1.54) |
Wrist | | | | | |
Quartile 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Quartile 2 | 1.64(1.45–1.85) | 1.26(1.11–1.43) | 1.57(1.28–1.92) | 1.57(1.40–1.77) | 1.34(1.20–1.51) |
Quartile 3 | 2.20(1.93–2.50) | 1.24(1.08–1.40) | 1.60(1.31–1.97) | 2.11(1.88–2.37) | 1.44(1.28–1.62) |
Quartile4 | 2.51(2.20–2.87) | 1.32(1.16–1.50) | 1.69(1.38–2.08) | 2.50(2.22–2.81) | 1.54(1.37–1.74) |
Abbreviations: WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference. Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, gender, educational years, cigarette smoking, opium consumption, Met final, WSI, First-degree family history of Diabetes, Firand st-degree family history of Hypertension. |