1-Socio-demographic data
The sample included 240 patients, of which 20 were excluded, leaving us with 220 cases on which research and statistics were conducted. 39.5% were females and 60.5% were males. Participants are classified into five age groups, with the age group (20–21) years representing 24.1% (mean 76 years), and participants in the age group (22–23) were 50%
The sample was divided into four categories by academic year in university, 39.5% of participants were fifth-year students
More detailed demographic data is shown in (Table-1)
Table-1: Socio-demographic data
|
n
|
%
|
SEX
|
|
|
Male
|
133
|
60.5%
|
Female
|
87
|
39.5%
|
AGE
|
|
|
20–21
|
53
|
24.1%
|
22–23
|
110
|
50%
|
24–25
|
44
|
20%
|
26–27
|
11
|
5%
|
28 and older
|
2
|
0.90%
|
Academic year
|
|
|
Fourth
|
57
|
25.9%
|
Fifth
|
87
|
39.5%
|
Sixth
|
76
|
34.6%
|
2- Awareness of risk factors
79.5% of students believed that advanced age was a risk factor for septic shock.
A majority more than 90% of the students knew that immunosuppression, surgeries, and AIDS are risk factors.
Also, more than 80% believed that Cachexia, diabetes, and chemotherapy are also important risk factors.
While 60.90% of students, were convinced of two things: the first one is that taking cortisone is not a risk factor while it was, and the second one is that Pregnancy and childbirth are a risk factor and they were right about it.
Regarding the distribution of the sample according to Exposure to radiation, 64.10% of students said that radiation exposure is not a risk factor. As for cirrhosis of the liver, 79.5% knew that liver cirrhosis is not a risk factor.
Nearly 50% said that kidney failure, incidence of tumors, and Malnutrition are not risk factors.
Finally, 55% said that taking Antibiotics is a risk factor.
More about Awareness of risk factors is shown in (Table-2)
Table-2: risk factors
Risk factor
|
n
|
%
|
Advanced aging
|
|
|
Yes
|
175
|
79.5%
|
No
|
45
|
20.5%
|
Incidence of tumors
|
|
|
Yes
|
104
|
47.3%
|
No
|
116
|
52.7%
|
Immunosuppression
|
|
|
Yes
|
204
|
92.7%
|
No
|
16
|
7.3%
|
AIDS
|
|
|
Yes
|
201
|
91.4%
|
No
|
19
|
8.6%
|
Cachexia
|
|
|
Yes
|
186
|
84.5%
|
No
|
34
|
15.5%
|
Cortisone
|
|
|
Yes
|
86
|
39.1%
|
No
|
134
|
60.9%
|
Diabetes
|
|
|
Yes
|
190
|
86.4%
|
No
|
30
|
13.6%
|
Chemotherapy
|
|
|
Yes
|
187
|
85%
|
No
|
33
|
15%
|
Exposure to radiation
|
|
|
Yes
|
79
|
35.9%
|
No
|
141
|
64.1%
|
Cirrhosis
|
|
|
Yes
|
45
|
20.5%
|
No
|
175
|
79.5%
|
Pregnancy and childbirth
|
|
|
Yes
|
134
|
60.9%
|
No
|
86
|
39.1%
|
Kidney failure
|
|
|
Yes
|
102
|
46.4%
|
No
|
118
|
53.6%
|
Surgeries
|
|
|
Yes
|
205
|
93.2%
|
No
|
15
|
6.8%
|
Antibiotics
|
|
|
Yes
|
121
|
55%
|
No
|
99
|
45%
|
Malnutrition
|
|
|
Yes
|
100
|
45.5%
|
No
|
120
|
54.5%
|
3- Sample distribution according to knowledge of the origin of sepsis during septic shock
More than 80% said that the digestive and urinary systems are one of the origins of sepsis, while 74.5% said that the female reproductive system also can be an origin of sepsis.
(Table-3) shows more information about the knowledge of the origin of sepsis
Table-3: knowledge of the origin of sepsis during septic shock
Origin of sepsis
|
n
|
%
|
Upper respiratory tract:
|
|
|
Yes
|
101
|
45.9%
|
No
|
119
|
54.1%
|
Urinary system
|
|
|
Yes
|
180
|
81.8%
|
No
|
40
|
18.2%
|
Digestive system
|
|
|
Yes
|
186
|
84.5%
|
No
|
34
|
15.5%
|
Female reproductive system
|
|
|
Yes
|
164
|
74.5%
|
No
|
56
|
25.5%
|
Skin
|
|
|
Yes
|
144
|
65.5%
|
No
|
76
|
34.5%
|
4- sample distribution according to the pathogens causing the infection
Research and statistics showed that the most common factor was Escherichia coli at a rate of 77.70%. (Table-4) show details of the results as follows:
Table-4: the pathogens that cause infection
Pathogen
|
Yes (n)
|
Yes (%)
|
No (n)
|
No (%)
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
169
|
76.8%
|
51
|
23.2%
|
Pneumococcus
|
122
|
55.5%
|
98
|
44.5%
|
Beta-hemolytic streptococci
|
59
|
26.8%
|
161
|
73.2%
|
Enterobacter
|
100
|
45.5%
|
120
|
54.5%
|
Escherichia coli
|
171
|
77.7%
|
49
|
22.3%
|
Fungus
|
120
|
54.5%
|
100
|
45.5%
|
Viruses
|
146
|
66.4%
|
74
|
33.6%
|
5- Sample distribution according to the knowledge of SIRS
195 (88.6%) knew what is SIRS and only 25 (11.4%) did not
6- Sample distribution according to SIRS criteria
The percentage of students who knew about septicemic inflammatory syndrome based on leukocyte count was 87.70%.
(Table-5) shows more detailed information about the Sample knowledge of the SIRS criteria
Table-5: Sample distribution according to SIRS criteria
SIRS criteria
|
Yes (n)
|
Yes (%)
|
No (n)
|
No (%)
|
Temperature
|
190
|
86.4%
|
30
|
13.6%
|
White blood cells
|
193
|
87.7%
|
27
|
12.3%
|
Heart rate
|
180
|
81.2%
|
40
|
18.2%
|
Respiratory rate
|
189
|
85.9%
|
31
|
14.1%
|
Low lactate
|
177
|
80.5%
|
43
|
19.5%
|
Hypotension ˃ 65
|
197
|
89.5%
|
23
|
10.5%
|
Tachypnea ˃ 20
|
203
|
92.3%
|
17
|
7.7%
|
Tachycardia ˃ 90
|
186
|
84.5%
|
34
|
15.5%
|
Hyperthermia ˃ 38
|
199
|
90.5%
|
21
|
9.5%
|
Hypothermia ˂ 36
|
151
|
68.6%
|
69
|
31.4%
|
WBC ˃ 12000
|
199
|
90.5%
|
21
|
9.5%
|
WBC ˂ 4000
|
156
|
70.9%
|
64
|
29.1%
|
7- Sample distribution according to the knowledge of SOFA
171 (77.7%) knew what SOFA and only 49 (22.3%) did not
8- Sample distribution according to the knowledge of SOFA score components
Research and statistics showed that the percentage of students who knew Sofa Score according to the coma scale standard was 78.60%. (Table-6) show details of the results as follows:
Table-6: knowledge of SOFA score components
SOFA score
|
Yes (n)
|
Yes (%)
|
No (n)
|
No (%)
|
Average blood pressure
|
170
|
77.3%
|
50
|
22.7%
|
Coma scale
|
173
|
78.6%
|
47
|
21.4%
|
Blood creatinine
|
155
|
70.5%
|
65
|
29.5%
|
Bilirubin
|
149
|
67.7%
|
71
|
32.3%
|
Platelet count
|
160
|
72.7%
|
60
|
27.3%
|
Pao2/Fio
|
167
|
75.9%
|
53
|
24.1%
|
9- Sample distribution according to knowledge of complications of septic shock
More than 80% knew that acute kidney failure, acute liver failure, ARDS, and DIC are common complications of septic shock, as shown in (Table-7)
Table-7: knowledge of complications of septic shock
SIRS criteria
|
Commo (n)
|
Common (%)
|
Not common (n)
|
Not common (%)
|
Acute kidney failure
|
183
|
83.2%
|
37
|
16.8%
|
ARDS
|
193
|
87.7%
|
27
|
12.3%
|
Acute liver failure
|
176
|
80%
|
44
|
20%
|
DIC
|
186
|
84.5%
|
34
|
15.5%
|
Cerebral dysfunction
|
166
|
75.5%
|
54
|
24.5%
|
HF
|
118
|
53.6%
|
37
|
16.8%
|
10- Sample distribution according to the knowledge of antibiotics used in treatment
All needed information is shown in (Table-8)
Table-8: knowledge of antibiotics used in treatment
Antibiotic
|
n
|
%
|
Augmentin
|
7
|
3.2%
|
Penicillin G
|
14
|
6.4%
|
Gentamicin
|
21
|
9.5%
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
18
|
8.2%
|
Ceftazidime
|
1
|
0.4%
|
Ceftriaxone
|
79
|
35.9%
|
Cefotaxime
|
5
|
2.3%
|
Cefepime
|
1
|
0.4%
|
Vancomycin
|
53
|
24.1%
|
Clarithromycin
|
5
|
2.3%
|
Clindamycin
|
3
|
1.4%
|
Metronidazole
|
7
|
3.2%
|
Amikacin
|
2
|
0.9%
|
Imipenem
|
4
|
1.8%
|
11- Distribution of the sample according to knowledge of the recovery rate
All needed information is shown in (Table-9)
Table-9: knowledge of the recovery rate
Recovery rate
|
n
|
%
|
5% − 10%
|
78
|
35.5%
|
10% – 20%
|
48
|
21.8%
|
20% − 30%
|
44
|
20%
|
30% − 40%
|
50
|
22.7%
|
12- Distribution of the sample according to knowledge of the death rate
All needed information is shown in (Table-10)
Table-10: knowledge of the death rate
Death rate
|
n
|
%
|
60% − 70%
|
111
|
50.5%
|
70% – 80%
|
40
|
18.1%
|
80% − 90%
|
45
|
20.5%
|
90% − 100%
|
24
|
10.9%
|