The method of quasi-experimental study is applied studies. The research design included the pre-test and post-test with one control group and three experimental groups All stages of the research were approved by the ethics committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences with the license number IR.SEMUMS.REC.1396.107 Also, this research has been registered in the Clinical Trial Registration Center of Iran under number IRCT2017082335857N1.
The statistical population of the present study was 250 wives of martyrs aged 50 to 65 in Zanjan. Sampling was purposeful. After distributing an advertisement in the General Office of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Zanjan Province and sending an invitation to the statistical community, at the beginning of the research, 65 females volunteered to to participate in in the study. They were examined by a physician for their history of illness and physical distress, psychological problems, sleep, and blood pressure, and if necessary, some of them underwent heart-health tests. None of the subjects had a history of regular physical activity in the past year. It should be noted that in this study, the ATPIII (Adult treatment panel iii) criterion was used to identify metabolic risk indicators, which were considered in the presence of three of the five indicators (waist circumference more than 94 cm, blood triglyceride more than 150 mg / dL, blood HDL less than 40 mg / dL, blood pressure more than 130.85 mm Hg and fasting blood glucose higher than 110 mg / dL). In other words, volunteers with three or more metabolic risk indices based on ATPIII criteria were considered as subjects with metabolic syndrome (1).
Training protocol and supplementation
The subjects were allowed to practice from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m. The training period was six weeks. They practiced 3 days a week. Each session, the exercises were performed in the form of three consecutive sets with a break interval of 5 minutes between sets. The training set time in the first week was 12 minutes, and with the passing of each week, one minute was added to the duration of the training sets, so that in the sixth week of the training, it reached three sets of 17 minutes. The exercise was performed at an intensity of 65 to 75% of the heart rate reserve. Resting heart rate was checked weekly, and the intensity of the exercise program was adjusted using a Polar (Finland) pacemaker. The whole training session started with 5 minutes of warming up (flexibility and stretching exercises) and ended with 5 minutes of cooling down. The control group avoided, regular physical activity during this six-week period. The stored heart rate was calculated using the Carvonen formula (1).
60 to 70% reserve heart rate= [(Maximum heart rate -Resting heart rate (60 to 70%)]+ Resting heart rate
Heart rate when waking up and lying down before getting out of bed = resting heart rate
Amount and method of receiving nanocurcumin
The subjects received an 80 mg of nanocurcumin tablet each morning.
Measurement of biochemical parameters
All subjects underwent fasting blood sampling at 9 am (to measure plasma levels of IL1β and serum glucose, triglyceride, and plasma doped lipoprotein) in two stages, including the pre-test and post-test (after six weeks). In order to eliminate the acute effects of exercise such as delayed contusion and small possible injuries to the muscle structure on the serum level of IL1β, blood sampling was performed in the post-test phase four days after the last training session (23, 24). At each blood sampling, blood vessels of the brachial vein were collected in tubes without EDTA anticoagulant. After centrifugation (12 minutes at 3000 rpm) and separation of serum, serum IL1β levels were measured by ELISA, a special kit for measuring IL1β (eBioscience, Vienna, Austria) with a sensitivity of 0.05 pg /mL. Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase, and fat levels were measured by a standard enzymatic method (Pars Kit test, Karaj, Iran) using Kubas Mira biochemical AutoAnalyzer . The coefficient of variation of this kit in each assay and between different assays (inter-assay variation) was equal to 1.82% and 1.6% for triglycerides, 1.74% and 1.19% for blood sugar, and 2.15% and 1.28% for HDL, respectively. (NO) is extremely unstable and undergoes rapid oxidative degradation to stable nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), which react with the colorant and produce azo-pink composition, and it is quantified spectrophotometrically (27). Serum levels of metabolites were measured by colorimetric Griess assay. During the colorimetric assay, the nitrite concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm.
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates key symptoms of depression, including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation, suicidal ideas, crying, irritability, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, body image change, work difficulty, insomnia, fatigability, loss of appetite, weight loss, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido (26).
The calculation of body fat percentage
The percentage of body fat of the subjects was calculated by the pneumatic composite device, model OMRON BF500 made in Germany.
The calculation of calorie intake
Subjects recorded their daily food intake in the notebook before starting the training protocol (beginning, middle, and end of the week), and then the calories of food consumed for breakfast, snacks, lunch, and dinner were calculated by N4 software. The results showed no significant difference in the number of calories consumed between the groups (1).
Statistical analysis
Data were presented as mean ± SD. Levene’s test was used to test the homogeneity of variances in the pre-test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure that the distribution of the variables was normal. After verifying the normality of data, to analyze the data,paired sample t-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test means within the group, and the one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) (difference between test and post-test) was used to compare the groups. Also, in the case of significant findings, Bonferroni's post hoc test was used. All data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, the significance level was set at 0.05.