In day-to-day life, numerous Traffic problems are encountered. The problems due to commuting from one place to another engulf a lot of time (Wang et al. 2013). The well-connected city attracts population, this leads to overcrowding and sprawling in a single location, so necessary measures need to be taken to reduce this urban sprawl (Singh 2012). Individuals prefer to travel by private automobile since they do not have to wait for public transportation (Arora 2017). Yet, as the number of vehicles on the road grows, so does the demand for transportation (Hussin et al. 2021). People have no choice but to switch from one mode of transportation to another to travel between some locations when there is no direct transportation accessible (Dawda, Joshi, and Arkatkar 2021). Depending on the situation and the time, it can be challenging to switch modes of transportation occasionally (Dawda et al. 2020).
Integrated mobility is the integration of two or more modes of transportation in a single location. The intermodal mobility networks improve the efficiency and sustainability of transportation systems by connecting different modes of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, bicycles, and micro-mobility options like e-scooters and e-bikes, and integrating them with mobility on-demand services, like ride-hailing and car-sharing (Xu et al. 2022),Chauhan, Gupta, and Parida 2022). Infrastructure, technology, coordination, and sustainability are the main tenets of integrated mobility planning (IMP) (Luo, Li, and Hampshire 2021). Infrastructure, which provides the physical underpinning for various forms of transportation, is essential to the success of integrated mobility planning (Lu et al. 2018), (Sachan and Mathew 2020). Incorporating technology into mobility planning is essential, passengers may plan their routes and receive real-time information on available transportation options with the aid of smart technology such as smartphone apps, real-time data, and GPS (Medved et al. 2022). IMP also requires cooperation and coordination amongst various stakeholders, including the public, government organizations, and transportation service providers (Molenbruch et al. 2021), Kumar, Parida, and Swami 2013) .
There is a need for management between the different modes of transport leading to trouble. When Construction management connects integration and transit planning between systems, it will be advantageous for both the public and private sectors (Febbraro and Saccone 1996). The integration of fixed-line and demand-responsive mobility systems in transportation networks is becoming increasingly important as cities and communities seek to improve accessibility and efficiency while also reducing congestion and emissions (Akuh et al. 2023), (Gijre and Gupta 2020). When integrated mobility is proposed, it will produce the best transportation integration, allowing people to travel in any direction easily and with numerous choice of accessibility (Yanocha, Mason, and Hagen 2021). Integrated mobility planning will not only help in traffic reduction but it also has many other benefits like construction cost reduction, decentralizing the urban sprawl, effectively function with ease in management, providing passengers comfort, safety and convenience to travel (Krygsman, Dijst, and Arentze 2004).
Non-connection between two modes of transportation causes discomfort, time delays, and increases in transportation costs. Implementing (IMP) will not only solve these issues but will also give commuters with a variety of transportation options. There has been a dearth of research in aspects such as commuters’ user-friendly transport system, governance and institutional frameworks, interoperability of transport systems, and economic analysis for Integrated Mobility Planning. Hence the study focuses on these factors as fulfilling the research gap. Also, the novelty of the study lies in it.