CKD occurs frequently in the middle-aged and elderly population mainly, especially the elderly. Due to the chronic diseases that exist in most of the patients themselves, coupled with low literacy and comprehension, the nursing of CKD is made much worse. Hemodialysis is a common treatment for CKD, which separates the excess water that cannot be effectively excreted due to kidney dysfunction, as well as the toxins and wastes generated by the body in the metabolic state, and redirects the blood back to the patient’s body. This keeps the blood volume in the patient’s body within the normal range and prevents damage to the body’s tissues and organs. However, patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from impaired ability to carry out their own daily lives. Many patients will experience symptoms of weakness, resulting in energy fatigue and the inability to engage in appropriate work normally. They need a long period of rest before they can gradually recover. The main reason for the symptoms of lethargy in patients is that hemodialysis may lead to excessive dialysis dehydration in patients, which lowers their blood pressure levels and makes them feel more lethargic. Also, hemodialysis treatment is prone to anemia, which leads to fatigue and reduces the ability to perform daily activities. Hemodialysis can lead to loss of nutrients or incomplete dialysis, as well as insufficient protein intake in the daily diet. These conditions result in malnutrition and fatigue, affecting their ability to perform their daily activities. In the process of hemodialysis treatment, patients are prone to multiple complications and their normal life is affected [7]. Apart from that, patients are prone to sleep disorders during hemodialysis maintenance treatment, which can lead to fatigue by increasing the release of cytokines; and the itchy symptoms triggered by end-stage renal disease can also interfere with the quality of sleep of patients, so patients’ daytime energy status is affected due to sleep deprivation. Eventually, patients are unable to concentrate in daily life, which interferes with their ability to perform daily activities. To address this, the quality of care during hemodialysis needs to be improved through a variety of measures. To enhance the quality of nursing care, auxiliary drugs should be actively administered to the patients, and attention should be paid to the physiological and psychological needs of the patients [8]. Nursing interventions keep patients in an optimistic psychological state, which is of particular importance for guaranteeing the smooth implementation of hemodialysis treatment [9]. When carrying out nursing interventions for patients, the nurse in charge needs to analyze the psychological problems of patients and carry out health education for them in a timely manner, which can establish a harmonious doctor-patient relationship and enable patients to actively cooperate with the development of medical and nursing work [10].
In the present study, the observation group had higher treatment compliance and higher anemia indexes (Hb, Alb, and Hct), higher cardiac function indexes (CI, SV, and LVEF), and lower levels of inflammatory factors (CRP, PCT, and IL-6) than the control group after intervention. All these are proof of the effectiveness of stages of change-based nursing interventions in improving the treatment compliance of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, relieving their anemia symptoms, improving their cardiac function, and decreasing the degree of the inflammatory response of the organism, which is in line with the findings reported by the relevant studies [11]. The reason is that stages of change-based nursing interventions, using the concept of stages of change model as an intervention guide, carry out the corresponding nursing interventions at different stages of the patient to protect the continuity of the interventions [12–14]. Stages of change-based nursing interventions are implemented at different stages of the patient’s life depending on his or her specific condition and characteristics, enabling better results to be achieved. With the improvement of the targeted nursing interventions, the efficiency of the interventions is markedly improved to satisfy the physical and psychological needs of the patients at different stages as much as possible. Patients undergoing hemodialysis may recognize the effectiveness of the procedure and receive care from healthcare professionals, facilitating improved treatment compliance [15]. However, CKD debilitates the physical fitness of patients. In this regard, efficient dietary guidance should be implemented for patients during the preparation period for stages of change-based nursing interventions to boost nutritional support, enhance their immunity, and improve their anemia indexes [16–18]. In consideration of the long-term hemodialysis treatment of CKD patients, they may become sensitive and irritable to the extent that the treatment may be disturbed. For this reason, health education should be proactively implemented for patients and social support should be provided, which is conducive to raising their health awareness and self-management ability, and improving their treatment compliance [19]. In response to the impact of hemodialysis on the cardiac function of patients, patients should be encouraged to develop regular living habits and enthusiastically cooperate with stages of change-based nursing interventions, with a view to improving patients’ cardiac function [20].