Drought is a climatic event that has the potential to manifest in any location, causing significant economic, social, and environmental harm. This natural phenomenon impacts diverse environmental sectors, including underground water resources, but its influence on this critical resource has been relatively understudied [42]. Drought is a regular and ongoing aspect of the climate, although many mistakenly perceive it as a rare occurrence. This natural phenomenon is prevalent across almost all climate regions, albeit with varying characteristics from one region to another. Drought is a transient condition, distinct from aridity, which is confined to regions with minimal rainfall and represents a permanent climate state [2]. The issue of climate change has been a topic of discussion since the early 1980s, with factors such as shifts in the Earth's axis, increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, geographical positioning, proximity to large bodies of water, and prevailing winds being cited, with greenhouse gas increases playing a more significant role [6]. The impact of meteorological drought on the underground water system typically unfolds over monthly and yearly intervals [37], [7]. Given that underground aquifers primarily rely on precipitation or interplay with surface water for sustenance, any alterations in precipitation patterns and surface water dynamics due to climate change will inevitably impact the underground water system. Groundwater drought involves a blend of physical hazards and human susceptibilities associated with the decline in groundwater availability and accessibility during drought episodes [38]. Numerous research studies have been undertaken in this field: [25] examined the influence of meteorological drought on both surface and underground water resources using SDI, SPEI, SPI, and GRI indices. In this study, to explore the interplay of droughts, the correlation between these indices was analyzed across different time frames. The findings of the study revealed that the SPEI index exhibits a stronger correlation with the GRI index over 24 and 48-month periods compared to the last 3 months, suggesting the impact of meteorological drought on underground water resources after two or more years. [21]. examined the groundwater droughts in the Shahrekord Plain by utilizing the GRI index. They analyzed data from 32 piezometric wells in the Shahrekord Plain spanning 31 years (1985–2015). [17] assessed meteorological indicators of underground and hydrological water resources to forecast and monitor drought in a semi-arid climate. Their study in central Iran in 1970 focused on the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Flow Drought Index (SDI), and Groundwater Resources Index (GRI), revealing a higher prevalence of meteorological drought compared to the other types of droughts in the study area. Furthermore, the findings indicated a trend toward increased aridity in the study region over the past three decades. [35] conducted a study analyzing the spatial and temporal variations in aridity indices such as Lang, De Martonne, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and Erinc over a span of 31 years to assess arid regions and changing drought conditions in Iraq. The findings revealed spatial alterations, indicating that approximately 27% of the country is characterized by arid and semi-arid regions. Regarding temporal changes, a decline in drought indices was observed across all monitoring stations. This trend suggests that the anticipated reduction in rainfall and rise in temperatures in this region may exacerbate the situation in the future. [18], they investigated surface meteorological and hydrological drought using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized runoff index (SRI), while also examining the impact of hydro-aerial droughts on groundwater through the use of the Groundwater Resources Index (GRI). The findings indicated the occurrence of both dry and wet conditions in the region based on three indices during the initial and subsequent decades. A notable correlation was observed between GRI and SPI on a 12-month time scale. Given the significance of the subject matter and the availability of relevant data in the study area such as rainfall, groundwater levels, and temperature, an effort is being made to establish a connection between the GRI index and SPI, with a focus on evaluating their mutual influence. The decline in groundwater levels and its associated ramifications are recognized as present challenges in the country. Factors contributing to this include diminishing precipitation levels, recent droughts, and increased agricultural, livestock, and industrial activities, alongside a rise in population, particularly over the past decade, leading to heightened water demand and consequently diminished underground water reserves and a negative water balance. The aquifers in the Qorveh-Dehglan plains have experienced depletion [1]. In essence, this study aims to explore the temporal variations of recent droughts affecting the underground water resources of the Qorveh-Dehgolan plain, utilizing GRI and SPI indicators within the study area.