Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is the most common cause of respiratory failure and results from increased cardiac filling pressure and breakdown of the alveolar epithelial barrier. Due to its severity; The rapid evaluation of the patient suffering from cardiogenic pulmonary edema and then giving him the appropriate treatment; Essential to reduce mortality and morbidity.
The number of females in our study was 88 patients, representing 52%, while the number of males was 79 patients, representing 48%. This is what we found in a British study, that the distribution between the sexes is close. (3)(6)
The average age of the patients in our study was 66.5 years, and this is contrary to the results of the British study, where the average age of the patients was 77 years. This is mostly due to the fact that their health services are better and to general aging population in developed countries.. (3)(6)
The in-hospital mortality rate in our study was only 12%, while their rate in the British study was 26%, and in another study conducted in New York, their rate was 16%. This is because the average age of them patients is older, and our severe cases do not reach the hospital.. (3)(6)
heart problems diagnosed in patients as a cause of cardiogenic lung edema were eight counted, and each of (hypertension, Coronary artery disease, heart failure, mitral insufficiency, tricuspid insufficiency) respectively had the largest share, as the number of patients diagnosed with hypertension was 105 patients (62%), and this is consistent with what was found in the French study, where their percentage reached 60% (8), while their percentage was lower in the study conducted in New York, where it reached 43%.
The number of people diagnosed with coronary artery disease in our study was 42%, and this is contrary to what was found in a study where their percentage was 78%, while our study was consistent with what was found in the French study where the percentage was 40% (8)
The percentage of patients suffering from heart valve diseases in our study was 37%, on the other hand, their percentage was 16%, These differences may be due to different diagnostic criteria and different diagnostic methods (5)
The percentage of patients with congestive heart failure was 23%, which is consistent with the study conducted in New York, where their percentage was 25%. (6).
Regarding prognosis, there was a relationship between hypertension and improved survival in our study, and this is consistent with what was found in the New York study (6).
In our study, we did not find a relationship between Coronary artery disease and hospital deaths (P-value > 0.050), and this is consistent with what was found in a Spanish study where the hospital mortality rate was similar between those who had coronary artery disease and those who did not have it, but in the long term. Mortality was higher in COE patients with coronary artery disease, and in another study conducted in Poland there was a relationship between mortality and myocardial infarction (4)(7)
Survival in our study was higher and greater in patients with mitral valve insufficiency, and this is attributed to the remodeling and repair occurring in the left atrium and chronic pulmonary vein dilatation, which in turn improves the prognosis (9).
As for symptoms and signs, in our study Dyspnea was the most common symptom, as most patients suffered from one or more types at a rate of 98%, which are in order (a story of a paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea, an exertional Dyspnea, a story of progressive Dyspnea, a sudden Dyspnea) (55%, 50%, 45%, 7%),
While rales in the pulmonary arenas were the most frequent clinical manifestation, reaching 56%, while general edema (which was concentrated at the ankle) was present in 22%, and this agrees with a group of research and reviews (3)(10)(11).
In our study, we did not find a relationship between age and the duration of hospitalization, and we also did not find a relationship between age and mortality, as the average age of those who improved with discharge was (66.2), and the average age of those who died was (68.8), unlike what was found in a study conducted in Romania, where there was Association between age and increasing mortality (12)