3.1 Experiment 1 (Effect of plant growth retardant CCC)
Based on the data presented in Table 5, it is evident that different Calla lily cultivars displayed varying rates of successful acclimatization under identical conditions. The Zazu cultivar exhibited the highest rate of successful acclimatization at 53%, followed by the Sun Club and Orania cultivars with rates of 40% and 32%, respectively. Among the various treatments and cultivars, the treatment combining 6% SUC with 200 mg.l− 1 of CCC (Z.S6.C2) demonstrated the highest percentage of acclimatization, averaging at 72% (Table 5). Notably, this specific treatment also yielded the highest acclimatization percentages for the Sun Club and Orania cultivars, reaching 71% and 65%, respectively, surpassing other treatments and the control (3% SUC) for these cultivars (Table 5).
Table 5
The mean comparison of the interaction effect of different calla lily cultivars (Sun Club, Orania and Zazu) and application of different levels of CCC and SUC on plant parameters (In vitro and after acclimatization condition)
In vitro
|
After acclimatization
|
Treatments
|
Tuber diameter
(mm)
|
Tuber weight
(g)
|
Plant height
(cm)
|
Survival rate
(%)
|
Tuber diameter
(mm)
|
Tuber weight
(g)
|
Plant height
(cm)
|
Leaf area
(cm2)
|
Su.S3.C0
O.S3.C0
Z.S3.C0
Su.S6.C0
O.S6.C0
Z.S6.C0
Su.S9.C0
O.S9.C0
Z.S9.C0
Su.S3.C1
O.S3.C1
Z.S3.C1
Su.S6.C1
O.S6.C1
Z.S6.C1
Su.S9.C1
O.S9.C1
Z.S9.C1
Su.S3.C2
O.S3.C2
Z.S3.C2
Su.S6.C2
O.S6.C2
Z.S6.C2
Su.S9.C2
O.S9.C2
Z.S9.C2
Su.S3.C3
O.S3.C3
Z.S3.C3
Su.S6.C3
O.S6.C3
Z.S6.C3
Su.S9.C3
O.S9.C3
Z.S9.C3
|
5.67p
9.48ml
7.55o
10.21jk
12.42efg
11.65hi
9.76jjkl
10.18jkl
7.45o
8.45n
9.51klm
7.73o
9.86jkl
15.74b
12.04fgh
10.26j
12.65def
11.02i
7.34o
12.87de
9.13m
14.63c
18.59a
12.46efg
11.36hi
12.74def
12.79def
8.41n
12.65def
8.45n
12.74def
13.27d
11.81gh
11.45hi
14.07c
12.47efg
|
0.88o
1.07jkl
0.91o
0.97mno
1.61b
1.23fgh
0.98lmno
1.20ghi
0.97mno
0.92no
1.39cd
0.89o
1.04klm
1.63b
1.28efg
1.01lmn
1.31def
1.23fgh
0.91o
1.36cde
0.96mno
1.21ghi
1.81a
1.38cde
1.13ijk
1.43c
1.43cde
0.95mno
1.34cde
0.95mno
1.22fghi
1.72a
1.36cde
1.16hij
1.38cde
1.33de
|
12.36ij
12.75fgh
12.53ghi
13.86b
14.75a
14.73a
12.86cd
12.98c
12.53ghi
12.64efg
12.53ghi
12.57fgh
11.47no
12.84cd
11.39no
12.81cd
12.74def
12.97c
10.84p
12.67defg
12.45hi
11.31o
11.86kl
11.36o
12.24j
11.57mn
12.74def
10.44q
11.69ml
11.87k
10.51q
11.49no
11.85kl
11.42no
10.91p
11.94k
|
40.00q
32.00t
53.00lm
61.00fg
58.00hi
63.00ef
61.00fg
50.33n
61.00fg
43.00p
35.00s
53.33lm
66.00cd
51.33mn
68.00bc
59.00gh
56.00ijk
66.00cd
46.00o
38.00rg
62.00f
71.00a
65.33de
72.00a
65.00de
56.00ijk
70.00ab
46.00o
36.00rs
58.00hi
68.00bc
56.66hij
66.00cd
62.00f
54.00kl
65.00de
|
23.91rs
25.71opqr
20.55t
27.51klmno
31.22efg
23.96rs
24.88pqrs
29.74ghij
24.67rsq
24.92pqrs
27.37mnlo
23.09s
29.82fghij
34.61bc
26.20nopq
28.05ijklmn
31.39efg
26.83mnop
27.76jklmno
31.89def
25.93opqr
32.54de
38.51a
29.48ghijk
29.74ghij
35.73b
28.29hijklm
27.76jklmno
30.24fgh
24.72qrs
30.36fgh
33.69cd
30.38fgh
29.98fghi
34.49bc
29.04hijkl
|
2.58r
4.45gf
2.33s
4.12ij
4.56ef
3.74mn
4.09ijk
4.34gh
3.55o
3.37p
3.76ml
3.00q
4.36gh
5.00bc
4.01jk
3.93kl
4.37gh
3.58no
3.68mno
4.34gh
3.33p
5.00bc
5.37a
4.12ij
4.12ij
4.86cd
4.02jk
3.72mno
4.21hi
3.36p
4.72de
5.24a
4.07ijk
4.05ijk
5.04b
4.06ijk
|
13.83ijklmn
14.72fghi
13.73ijklmn
16.62b
17.75a
15.91bcd
15.58cdefg
15.80bcd
15.63bcdef
13.61ijklm
14.65fghij
13.88ijklmn
15.83bcd
15.78bcde
15.83bcd
15.51defgh
15.78bcde
14.39ijklm
13.66jklmn
14.59fghijk
13.20no
14.77efghi
15.77bcde
15.63bcdef
14.77efghi
14.66fghij
14.31ijklm 13.52lmn
12.46o
12.54o
14.59fghijk
14.77efghi
15.60bcdef
12.47o
14.66fghij
13.75ijklm
|
27.68ghijkl
32.04efghij
19.94lmno
41.76abcd
48.66a
37.64bcdef
33.65defghi
41.49abcd
19.65lmnop
23.32jklmn
25.80hijklm
17.00no
35.70cdefg
43.55abc
29.64fghijkl
29.62ghijk
38.67bcde
17.52mnop
19.65lmn 25.53ijklm
17.21no 32.40efghi
34.48defgh
17.21no
23.25jklmn
33.65defghi
19.47lmnop 18.24mno
23.32jklmn
13.44p
25.80hijklm
30.27efghijkl 17.57mnop
18.28mnop
29.58ghijk
13.53p
|
In each column, means with the similar letters are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using Duncan’s test. Su: Sun club, O: Orania, Z: Zazu, S (3, 6 and 9): Sucrose (3, 6 and 9%), C (0, 1, 2 and 3): Cycocel (0, 150, 200 and 250 mg.l− 1)
|
Based on the results from the experiment (1) (Table 5), the treatment with 6 percent SUC and 200 mg.l− 1 CCC exhibited the highest effect on the size and weight of tubers in vitro and post-acclimatization across the studied calla lily cultivars. Furthermore, under control conditions, O.S3.C0 (Tuber diameter and Tuber weight (In vitro: 9.48 mm, 1.07 g and Ex vitro: 25.71 mm, 4.45 g) and Z.S3.C0 (Tuber diameter and Tuber weight (In vitro: 7.55 mm, 0.91 g and Ex vitro: 20.55 mm, 2.33 g), showed higher performance in these traits compared to the 'Sunclub' and 'Zazu' cultivars (S.S3.C0 (Tuber diameter and Tuber weight (In vitro: 5.67 mm, 0.88 g and Ex vitro: 23.91 mm, 2.58 g) and Z.S3.C0 (Tuber diameter and Tuber weight (In vitro: 7.55 mm, 0.91 g and Ex vitro: 20.55 mm, 2.33 g)), that indicating a different growth response among different cultivars in the same environmental conditions. Overall, the O.S6.C2 treatment (Orania cultivar with 6 percent SUC and 200 mg.l− 1 CCC) had the most significant influence on tuber size and weight, measuring 18.59 mm and weighing 1.81 g in vitro, and measuring 38.53 mm and weighing 5.37 g post-acclimatization.
The factors and treatments applied in this study had significant effects on the height and leaf area of plants under in vitro conditions and post-acclimatization, as indicated by Tables 3 and 5. When comparing different levels of sucrose (SUC) alone and in combination with various concentrations of the tuber growth regulator CCC, no significant differences were observed in treatments with the same levels of SUC but different CCC concentrations. The Orania cultivar treated with 6% SUC had the largest leaf area, measuring 48.66 cm² (Table 5). Leaf area index is an important factor for plant growth and quality, and faster leaf development post-acclimatization can contribute to improved plant growth quality, especially considering the inactivity of stomata in tissue-cultured plants. Based on the results, 6% sucrose had the most significant impact on the leaf area across all three cultivars (Table 5).
The cultivar factor and the application of CCC were found to have the most significant influence on plant height. Specifically, the Orania cultivar demonstrated the highest plant height (12.57 cm in vitro and 14.72 cm post-acclimatization) compared to the other cultivars under uniform conditions without the implementation of additional factors (Table 5). Notably, there was a noticeable decrease in plant height with an increase in CCC concentration in comparison to the control group. For instance, in the Sunclub cultivar treated with CCC, the plant height decreased from 12.36 cm in the control plants to 10.44 cm when exposed to 250 mg/l of CCC during in vitro culture. Furthermore, the treatment involving the application of 6% sucrose (SUC) without CCC (Z.S6.C0, S.S6.C0, O.S6.C0) demonstrated the greatest plant height (13.86 cm, 14.75 cm, and 14.73 cm in vitro; 41.76 cm, 48.66 cm, and 37.64 cm post-acclimatization) for all three cultivars in both in vitro and post-acclimatization conditions (Table 5).
Overall, based on the results obtained and the comparison of treatment effects on the measured traits, the treatment with 6% SUC in combination with 200 mg.l− 1 of CCC had a more desirable effect on plant height for all three cultivars, both in vitro and during acclimatization (Z.S6.C2, S.S6.C2, O.S6.C2). This trend was also observed in acclimatized plants. Moreover, plants that produced larger tubers with high concentrations of CCC and SUC had shorter heights in vitro, and a similar trend was observed for plant height during acclimatization, possibly due to the growth-retarding properties of compounds like CCC (Table 5). Typically, plantlets with larger tuber size and favorable indices related to tuber quality, such as tuber diameter and tuber weight, are more likely to acclimatize and survive in subsequent growing seasons. Additionally, adequate leaf area and growth height are also important factors contributing to the successful acclimatization and survival of the plantlets. Under the specified experimental conditions, it was observed that all cultivars subjected to a treatment consisting of 6% SUC and 200 mg/l CCC exhibited more favorable traits in terms of plant height and tuber characteristics (tuber diameter and tuber weight) both during in vitro culture and the subsequent acclimatization phase (Table 5).
3.2 Experiment 2 (The effect of plant growth retardant PBZ).
In the second experiment of this research, the plant growth retardant PBZ was used instead of CCC to examine its impact when combined with other experimental treatments on the measured traits. According to Table 6, the three calla lily cultivars exhibited varying acclimatization percentages under uniform conditions. Among the different levels of sucrose (SUC) treatments (3%, 6%, and 9%), the application of 6% SUC combined with PBZ had the most significant effect on the acclimatization percentage of the Zantedeschia cultivars Sun Club, Orania, and Zazu. The average acclimatization percentages for these cultivars were 61%, 58%, and 63%, respectively, compared to the various treatment levels (Table 6). Notably, the Orania cultivar demonstrated a significant increase in acclimatization percentage when treated with PBZ and 6% SUC. The acclimatization percentage reached 80% when 0.5 mg.l− 1 PBZ was used along with 6% SUC, while the use of 6% SUC alone resulted in a acclimatization of 58% of plantlets (Table 6).
Table 6
The mean comparison of the interaction effect of different calla lily cultivars (Sun Club, Orania, Zazu) and application of different levels of PBZ and SUC on plant parameters (In vitro and after acclimatization condition)
In vitro
|
After acclimatization
|
treatments
|
Tuber diameter
(mm)
|
Tuber weight
(g)
|
Plant height
(cm)
|
Survival rate
(%)
|
Tuber diameter
(mm)
|
Tuber weight
(g)
|
Plant height
(cm)
|
Leaf area
(cm2)
|
Su.S3.P0
O.S3.P0
Z.S3.P0
Su.S6.P0
O.S6.P0
Z.S6.P0
Su.S9.P0
O.S9.P0
Z.S9.P0
Su.S3.P1
O.S3.P1
Z.S3.P1
Su.S6.P1
O.S6.P1
Z.S6.P1
Su.S9.P1
O.S9.P1
Z.S9.P1
Su.S3.P2
O.S3.P2
Z.S3.P2
Su.S6.P2
O.S6.P2
Z.S6.P2
Su.S9.P2
O.S9.P2
Z.S9.P2
Su.S3.P3
O.S3.P3
Z.S3.P3
Su.S6.P3
O.S6.P3
Z.S6.P3
Su.S9.P3
O.S9.P3
Z.S9.P3
|
5.67m
9.48kl
7.55lm
10.21jkl
12.42hijk
11.65ij
9.76jkl
10.18jkl
7.45m
12.82hij
16.58cdefg
11.82ijk
19.26bc
23.41a
18.79bc
18.62bcde
16.75defg
18.63bcde
12.80hij
14.12fghi
10.44jkl
16.72cdefg
20.43b
16.49cdefg
18.74bcd
16.74cdefg
17.44bcde
12.42hijk
13.82ghi
10.41jkl
15.52defghi
19.53bc
16.67cdefg
18.23bcde
15.42efgh
17.23bcdef
|
0.88p
1.07nop
0.91p
0.97op
1.61hij
1.23lmn
0.98op
1.20mno
0.97op
1.43jkl
2.17c
1.62hij
1.83fgh
2.82a
2.07cde
1.72ghi
2.75a
2.03cdef
1.38klm
2.11cd
1.36klm
1.73ghi
2.70a
1.92defg
1.66h
2.64b
2.02cdef
1.38klm
1.84efgh
1.43jkl
1.62hij
2.73a
1.93defg
1.68hi
2.65ab
1.98cdef
|
12.36gh
12.75ef
12.58fg
13.86bc
14.75a
14.73a
12.86def
12.98de
12.53fg
10.32stu
11.24qr
12.53fg
12.54fg
11.55op
11.19qr
11.55op
11.47opq
12.18ij
9.43tuv
10.73rst
12.44g
10.33stu
10.55st
10.67rst
11.14qr
10.23stu
11.62no
9.16uv
10.51rst
11.87klm
9.01v
10.07tuv
10.42stu
10.26stu
9.71tuv
10.95uv
|
40.00q
32.00r
53.00o
61.00m
58.00n
63.00l
60.00m
50.00p
61.00m
67.00k
54.00o
81.00ef
86.00b
80.00f
91.00a
82.00ef
80.00f
89.00ab
65.00k
53.00o
75.00hi
84.00c
73.00i
84.00c
81.00ef
76.00gh
83.00cd
61.00m
50.00p
70.00j
81.00ef
77.00g
82.00de
80.00f
74.00j
80.66ef
|
23.91p
25.71o
20.55q
27.55op
31.22m
23.96p
24.88op
29.74mn
24.67op
38.15j
48.16cd
36.94jk
48.72bcd
50.41a
44.06ef
44.07ef
48.93bc
41.55hi
37.76jk
48.05cd
36.38k
46.28d
50.08ab
43.58efg
42.87fgh
48.92bc
40.92i
37.13jk
46.44d
38.06j
47.44cd
50.55a
43.96e
45.03e
47.27d
42.19ghi
|
2.58q
4.45n
2.33q
4.12o
4.56mn
3.74p
4.09o
4.37no
3.55p
4.83ml
6.17d
4.76ml
6.60bc
7.37a
5.81e
6.71b
5.61efg
4.89kl
4.75lm
5.65ef
4.37no
6.13d
7.11a
5.21hij
5.32ghij
6.31cd
5.41fghi
4.38no
5.53efg
4.56mn
6.10d
6.81b
5.57efg
5.17ijk
6.52bc
5.50efgh
|
13.83hi
14.72ef
13.73ef
16.62b
17.75a
15.91c
15.58cd
15.80c
15.63cd
13.51ijkl
14.34fg
13.32jklm
14.68ef
16.32b
15.64cd
14.91de
15.34d
15.06de
13.38fg
14.32fg
13.23jklm
13.01lm
14.17gh
14.73ef
14.22n
13.58ijk
13.64ijk
12.88m
13.15klm
13.72hij
12.89m
13.82hi
13.83hi
12.04n
13.22 jklm
13.06lm
|
27.68hi
32.04ef
19.94kl
41.76ab
48.66a
37.64cd
33.65h
41.49b
19.65kl
21.02k
24.71i
12.78p
33.72e
42.59a
18.47lm
31.33fg
39.22c
18.61l
20.18k
23.44j
11.75pq
32.06f
40.85b
16.75n
30.94fg
36.37d
18.33ml
18.33ml
23.46j
11.21q
31.38fg
41.30b
16.52n
30.38gh
34.60e
16.91n
|
In each column, means with the similar letters are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using Duncan’s test. Su: Sun club, O: Orania, Z: Zazu, S (3, 6 and 9): Sucrose (3, 6 and 9%), P (0, 1, 2 and 3): Paclobutrazol (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg.l− 1)
|
Among all the treatments and cultivars, the treatment with 6% SUC and 0.5 mg/l PBZ (Z.S6.C2) yielded the highest acclimatization percentage with an average of 91% in Zazu cultivar (Table 6). Additionally, this treatment led to the highest acclimatization percentages for the Sun Club and Orania cultivars, with values of 86% and 80%, respectively, across both the first and second experiments (Table 6). The results presented in Table 6 demonstrate that the treatment combining 6% SUC and 0.5 mg/l PBZ had a superior effect on the all three cultivars. This effect was evident in the size and weight of the tubers in vitro. The average sizes of the tubers were 19.26 mm, 23.41 mm, and 18.79 mm, with corresponding weights of 1.83 g, 2.82 g, and 2.07 g, in Sun Club, Orania, and Zazu cultivars respectively. After acclimatization, the same treatment resulted in tubers with average sizes of 48.72 mm, 50.41 mm, and 44.06 mm, and weights of 6.60 g, 7.37 g, and 5.81 g, respectively (Figs. 1 and 3). These results were significantly higher than those obtained from the control treatment, which produced tubers with average sizes of 5.65 mm, 9.48 mm, and 7.55 mm, and weights of 0.88 g, 1.07 g, and 0.91 g, in Sun Club, Orania, and Zazu cultivars respectively. Furthermore, this specific treatment combination even outperformed the best-performing treatment from the first experiment (O.S6.C2), as indicated in Tables 5 and 6.
Comparing the application of different levels of PBZ to the CCC treatments (Tables 5 and 6), it was observed that PBZ treatments resulted in improved traits related to tuber size and weight under in vitro conditions. The Orania cultivar, when treated with O.S6.P1 (6% SUC and 0.5 mg/l PBZ), exhibited a significant increase in tuber size and weight, with average values of 23.41 mm and 2.82 g in vitro, and 50.41 mm and 9.48 g post acclimatization. This represented a substantial improvement over the performance of the Orania cultivar with treatment O.S6.C2, which had been the optimal treatment in the first experiment for these traits (18.59 mm and 1.81 g in vitro, and 38.53 mm and 5.37 g post acclimatization), as indicated in Tables 5 and 6. Table 6 also highlights significant differences in these traits among the different cultivars, even under the same treatment conditions. This emphasizes the distinct responses of different cultivars to consistent hormone and sucrose levels. Hence, it is crucial to conduct further meticulous investigations that take into account the specific hormone types and concentrations.
The application of PBZ treatments resulted in reduced plant height and leaf area compared to the control samples (Table 6). The height of different cultivars exhibited significant variations both in vitro and after acclimatization, with more pronounced differences observed during the acclimatization phase. As mentioned earlier, the 6% SUC treatment had the most significant effect on plant height, leading to taller growth (Table 6).
Regarding leaf area, the data in Table 6 revealed a significant reduction when any level of PBZ was applied alongside 3% SUC, compared to SUC alone. However, closer examination showed no marked difference in leaf area among the three concentrations of PBZ (0.5, 1.5, and 3 mg/l) used with 3% SUC (Table 6). The Orania cultivar exhibited the largest leaf area, while the Zazu cultivar had the smallest. Across all three cultivars, the application of 6% SUC resulted in the highest leaf area (Sun Club: 41.76 cm2, Orania: 48.66 cm2, and Zazu: 37.64 cm2) (Table 6). The trend with the application of different PBZ levels closely paralleled that of PBZ at a 3% sucrose level, but the leaf area with these treatments was larger than with 3% SUC alone (Table 6). The Orania cultivar with 6% SUC exhibited the largest leaf area (48.66 cm2), and noticeable differences in leaf areas were observed with the application of three PBZ levels (0.5, 1.5, and 3 mg/l) (42.59 cm 2, 40.85 cm2, and 41.30 cm2, respectively) compared to the treatment with 6% SUC alone (Table 6). However, no significant differences were observed among the different PBZ levels.
Furthermore, our observations indicated that plants treated with PBZ and SUC exhibited higher quality during the growth period after acclimatization compared to the control. This increased quality was particularly noticeable at the end of the first growth period before the dormancy period. This improvement in quality could be attributed to the effect of these two factors on the size of micro tubers and the reduced sensitivity of acclimatized plants to environmental conditions (Fig. 2).
The trend of leaf area reduction in the Sun Club cultivar with the applied treatments was similar to that of the Orania cultivar. However, a significant increase was observed in the Zazu cultivar with the application of 6% sucrose (SUC). The leaf area increased from 19.94 cm² for the 3% SUC treatment to 37.64 cm² with the application of 6% SUC. The reduction and difference in leaf area between the different levels of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) in the Zazu cultivar were similar to the other two cultivars. Based on the findings presented in Tables 5 and 6, PBZ had a slightly more pronounced influence on the reduction of leaf area compared to CCC.
Different concentrations of PBZ (0.5, 1.5, and 3 mg/l) combined with varying levels of SUC led to a reduction in height for all three cultivars under in vitro conditions compared to the application of varying concentrations of SUC alone (Table 6). In the first experiment, the treatment with 6% SUC had the most significant influence on the height of tissue-cultured plantlets (Sun Club: 41.76 cm, Orania: 48.66 cm, and Zazu: 37.94 cm), with the Orania cultivar achieving the greatest height among the three cultivars. Comparing the different concentrations of PBZ in the experimental treatments, it is apparent that an increase in concentration did not result in significant changes in plant height (Table 6). However, a notable point is the comparison of PBZ treatments with CCC in the first experiment, which demonstrated a substantial reduction in plant height with PBZ compared to CCC during the acclimatization conditions (Tables 5 and 6).
Since the formation, sizing, and growth of tubers in tissue-cultured Zantedeschia are crucial from acclimatization to commercial maturation, the use of PBZ treatments is recommended. These treatments have shown to enhance tuber size more effectively than CCC treatments, supporting their utility in tissue-cultured Zantedeschia cultivation. Despite the reduction in height caused by PBZ treatments, it was observed that tuber size increased. This effect was particularly notable in the treatment with 0.5 mg/l PBZ combined with 6% SUC across all three cultivars (Table 6). In post-acclimatization conditions, PBZ treatments combined with 3% SUC did not significantly alter plant height compared to SUC alone. However, at higher SUC levels of 6% and 9%, different concentrations of PBZ resulted in a more pronounced reduction in plant height (Table 6), accompanied by an increase in tuber size.
We conducted correlation analysis on the data and found significant positive and negative correlations between certain traits especially in the second experiments (Tables 7 and 8). In the first experiment, we didn't observe any significant correlation between the survival rate and traits related to tuber and vegetative organs, except for the size of the tubers under in vitro conditions, which showed a significant correlation with the survival rate at a 5% level (r = 0.36 ≤ 0.05). However, in the second experiment, we found several significant correlations, particularly at a 1% level. There were significant correlations between the survival rate and tuber-related traits (diameter and weight) under both in vitro (diameter: r = 0.72 ≤ 0.01, weight: r = 0.56 ≤ 0.05) and ex vitro (diameter: r = 0.61 ≤ 0.01, weight: r = 0.66 ≤ 0.01) conditions. We also observed a significant negative correlation between the plant height under in vitro conditions and tuber growth under ex vitro conditions (diameter: r= -0.67 ≤ 0.01, weight: r= -0.51 ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that the combination of PBZ treatment with SUC had a greater impact on increasing tuber diameter and weight, while reducing vegetative growth and plantlet height.
Table 7
Pearson’s correlation matrix for plant parameters of different calla lily cultivars (Sun Club, Orania, Zazu) and application of different levels of CCC and SUC on plant parameters (In vitro and after acclimatization condition)
|
In vitro
|
After acclimatization
|
|
Tuber diameter
|
Tuber weight
|
Plant height
|
Survival rate
|
Tuber diameter
|
Tuber weight
|
Plant height
|
Leaf area
|
In vitro
|
Tuber diameter
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tuber weight
|
0.86**
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant height
|
-0.08ns
|
0.21ns
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Survival rate
|
0.36*
|
0.16ns
|
-0.07ns
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
After acclimatization
|
Tuber diameter
|
0.84**
|
0.78**
|
-0.28ns
|
0.15ns
|
1
|
|
|
|
Tuber weight
|
0.84**
|
0.74**
|
-0.18ns
|
0.20ns
|
0.89**
|
1
|
|
|
Plant height
|
0.33*
|
0.37*
|
0.47**
|
0.31ns
|
0.26ns
|
0.41*
|
1
|
|
Leaf area
|
0.36*
|
0.36*
|
0.56**
|
-0.05
|
0.38*
|
0.52**
|
0.74**
|
1
|
Levels of significance: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ns: Not significant
|
Table 8
Pearson’s correlation matrix for plant parameters of different varieties (Sun Club, Orania, Zazu) and application of different levels of PBZ and SUC on plant parameters (In vitro and after acclimatization condition)
|
In vitro
|
After acclimatization
|
Tuber diameter
|
Tuber weight
|
Plant height
|
Survival rate
|
Tuber diameter
|
Tuber weight
|
Plant height
|
Leaf area
|
In vitro
|
Tuber diameter
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tuber weight
|
0.82**
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant height
|
-0.43*
|
-0.46*
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Survival rate
|
0.72**
|
0.54*
|
-0.32ns
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
After acclimatization
|
Tuber diameter
|
0.86**
|
0.87**
|
-0.67**
|
0.61**
|
1
|
|
|
|
Tuber weight
|
0.88**
|
0.85**
|
-0.51*
|
0.66**
|
0.91**
|
1
|
|
|
Plant height
|
-0.06ns
|
-0.08ns
|
0.72**
|
-0.15ns
|
-0.32ns
|
-0.11
|
1
|
|
Leaf area
|
0.21ns
|
o.34ns
|
0.24ns
|
-0.14ns
|
0.06ns
|
0.28ns
|
0.61**
|
1
|
Levels of significance: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ns: Not significant
|