Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that affects humans and animals globally. It is considered one of the top ten neglected tropical diseases, with more than 12 million cases worldwide. Generally, leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite of the Leishmania genus. There are three main types of this disease affecting humans: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) [3]. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is found in 89 countries and VL is common in 80 countries, while both clinical forms of the disease are endemic in 71 countries. Moreover, a report from the [17] stated that more than 1 million cases of CL are recorded annually. [8] reported one-third of new CL cases each year occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, and Central and Western Asia. Currently, CL incidences are high in Middle Eastern countries [3]. In addition, [15] reported that KSA was ranked as the fourth region for CL in West Asia in 2020, with more Leishmania species found. Leishmania species responsible for CL infections in Saudi Arabia are Leishmania major (zoonotic) and Leishmania tropica (anthropogenic Leishmania). Leishmania major is reported to be the most common species in central and eastern Saudi Arabia, while Leishmania tropica is reported to be rare and found mostly in eastern Saudi Arabia [6]. Female sandflies, mostly from the genera Phlebozoa and Phlebozoa, are the main carriers of CL. Five species were identified as carriers for the parasites in Saudi Arabia [11]. Within the two Leishmania species that affect humans, only Leishmania major is found in animal hosts. Five rodent species (Meriones libycus, Psammomys obesus, Rattus rattus, jaculus, and Hystrix indica) have been reported as primary hosts of L. major in Saudi Arabia. [6, 9]. Symptoms of the disease appear several weeks to months after sandflies inoculate the skin with Leishmania promastigotes[16]. When the sand absorbs blood, promastigotes are injected into the skin. Promastigotes are taken up by macrophages and transformed into an intracellular form called amastigotes. Amastigotes will continue to enter skin macrophages (histiocytes; tissue-resident macrophages) until they rupture and infect new cells. The life cycle continues as the female sandfly ingests intracellular and free amastigotes. Amastigotes become promastigotes, multiply, and migrate to the fly's head and mouth. There are satellite diseases and nodular lymphangitis [14. Single or multiple painless lesions may appear on the body, such as the face, neck, arms and legs, and may cause discomfort if they spread [8]. Infections can present as ulcerative, nodular, or nodular-ulcerative lesions [7]. These lesions usually begin as red papules that gradually grow larger. They have a clear, regular shape and are usually round or oval. The ulcer is covered with a crust and has a diameter of 2 to 10 cm with a granular base. Leishmania tropicalis causes painless, dry lesions, while Leishmania major causes erythematous, swollen papules that form wet lesions with distinct edges. Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be categorized into mild, moderate, and severe forms based on the clinical presentation. According to the definition by [16], mild CL is considered by a few (less than four) small-sized lesions. The mild form of the disease can affect healthy or chronic people. When the disease is severe (four or more times), it can affect people with weak immune systems or chronic diseases. In areas where leishmaniasis is endemic, diagnosis is usually based on the presence of skin lesions, epidemiological data, the patient's medical history, and laboratory tests [14]. Various parasitological tests are used to identify the disease. These tests vary depending on the location, type, and stage of the lesion. However, if necessary, more than one test should be performed on each patient [16]. Molecular testing using skin biopsy, sterile culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often necessary to differentiate leishmaniasis from other skin diseases and confirm the diagnosis [1]. Although CL is generally a self-resolving disease, medical treatment is often required to improve the healing process and reduce the risk of vector transmission[3]. Many factors, including local knowledge, should be taken into account when choosing the best treatment [2]. However, the effectiveness of the treatment may vary depending on the type of Leishmania, the age of the patient, the severity and number of lesions, the type of medication prescribed, and the patient's compliance with the treatment [14]. To effectively control CL disease, it is important to understand its pathogenesis and the conditions that lead to its spread. This study used clinical data and epidemiological analysis to describe the prevalence of CL occurring in KSA. We performed an epidemiological analysis of the incidence characteristics of CL adjusting for factors such as geographic location, gender, age, year of diagnosis, and study area related to the distribution and status of CL. To achieve this goal, we did an epidemiological analysis of the distribution of CL cases in Saudi Arabia from January 2020 to December 2022.