Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) Analysis
The AMMI analysis of variance for CY, CCSY, Sucrose, NMC and SCW is shown in Table 1. There were vastly significant differences for genotype, environment and their interactions. Genotypes expressed the highest proportion of variability for CY (67.78%), CCSY (61.26%), Sucrose (61.89%) and SCW (78.09%), indicates that these traits are more influenced by genotypes. The percent of variance for GEI was highest for NMC (39.80%). The larger sum of squares and significant genotypic effect confirmed that being evaluated over the year in the similar edaphic conditions of Karnal the genotypes exhibited more similar performance. The experiential G×E interaction in the AMMI model on split into first and second IPCA (Interaction Principal Components Axes) together accounting for 54.5%, 58.7%, 59.0%, 55.2% and 58.4% for CY, CCSY, Sucrose, NMC and SCW respectively. In our study, the significance of genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (GEI) effects are confirmatory with the findings of the earlier researchers (Rea et al. 2017; Meena et al. 2017; Zubair et al. 2019; Kumar et al. 2023).
Table 1
ANOVA for cane yield, juice quality and contributing traits by using AMMI model
SV | df | CY | CCSY | Sucrose | NMC | SCW |
MSS | POV | MSS | POV | MSS | POV | MSS | POV | MSS | POV |
Years | 5 | 9409.08** | 8.60 | 387.54** | 17.27 | 51.95** | 14.90 | 12704.02** | 21.84 | 0.45** | 3.96 |
Genotypes | 51 | 7165.79** | 67.78 | 134.78** | 61.26 | 21.14** | 61.89 | 2187.22** | 38.36 | 0.87** | 78.09 |
GEI | 255 | 496.12** | 23.62 | 9.45** | 21.47 | 1.59** | 23.26 | 453.79** | 39.80 | 0.04** | 17.95 |
IPCA1 | 55 | 731.52** | 31.8 | 14.25** | 32.5 | 2.26** | 30.5 | 660.84** | 31.4 | 0.05** | 32.5 |
IPCA2 | 53 | 542.01** | 22.7 | 11.92** | 26.2 | 2.19** | 28.5 | 519.22** | 23.8 | 0.05** | 25.9 |
IPCA3 | 51 | 508.09** | 20.5 | 9.19** | 19.4 | 1.37** | 17.20 | 470.21** | 20.7 | 0.04** | 20.9 |
Residuals | 612 | 38.95 | | 0.70 | | 0.0 | | 60.76 | | 0.01 | |
Note: ** Significant at 1% level; SV = Source of Variation; MSS = Mean Sum of Sqaure; POV = Percent of variation; CY = Cane yield; CCSY = Commercial cane sugar yield; NMC = Number of millable canes; SCW = Single cane weight. |
The AMMI1 biplot, displays main means effects on the abscissa and IPCA 1 values on the ordinates. The genotypes or environments that appear almost on a vertical line have related means and those that fall nearly on a horizontal line have alike interaction patterns. The genotypes/environments with great IPCA 1 scores (positive or negative) have high interactions, whereas genotypes/environments with PC 1 scores near to zero have minor interactions (Crossa et al. 1990). In the biplots (Fig. 1a) PC1 vs YLD (Cane yield), environments E2, E6 and E4 demonstrated below average main effects, hence rated as poor. On the contrary, environments E1, E5, E3 expressed the highest main effects, hence were advantageous for the performance of most of the genotypes. Environment E3 with highest main effects and least interaction effects was the most favorable whereas; E6 with lowest main effects and highest interaction effects was the least favorable environments for cane yield. Genotypes G5, 21, 35, 10, 24, 14, 45 and 40 with least interaction effects were the most stable genotypes but among them the average main effects of genotypes G5, 21, 35 was below while of genotype G10 was near the origin, hence these genotypes were poor yielder. G52, 47, 48, 8, 40, 51, 43 and 50 with higher main effects were the best per-former genotypes. Figure 1b AMMI biplot displaying PC1 Vs PC2 for cane yield but the interaction effects of genotypes G52, 51 and 47 was very high. Considering main effects and interaction variance G40 (Co 12029), G8 (Co 0238), G48 (Co 15023) and G50 (Co 15025) found to be the most stable higher yielder genotypes. AMMI biplot were drawn using IPCA1 and IPCA2 scores, to interpret the genotypic stability along with the level of interaction effects for each genotype and environment (Fig. 1b).The genotypes situated closure to the origin, are insensitive to the environmental interaction and vice versa (Sheelamary and Karthigeyan 2021).The ideal environments and genotypes are situated on the central circle (Al-Naggar et al. 2020).
In our study clones G12 (Co 0331), G 35 (Co 11026), G40 (Co 12029), G33 (Co 10037), G37 (Co 12026), G2 (Co 98014), G4 (Co 0118), G48 (Co 15023), G16 (Co 05011), G29 (Co 09021), G49 (Co 15024), G45 (Co 14034), G8 (Co 0238) etc., were positioned near to the origin therefore were least affected by the environment. Since, the best stable genotypes need not to certainly produce the greatest yield, hence both high cane yield and less ASV should be simultaneously considered in sugarcane breeding programs (Meena 2017; Tena et al. 2019).Among the clones G40 (Co 12029), G2 (Co 98014), G4 (Co 0118), G48 (Co 15023), G8 (Co 0238) and G16 (Co 05011) were predicted as the stable clones with high cane yield and consequently are appropriate for cultivation under diverse environments, coincidently all these are notified commercial variety by CVRC.
The IPCA1 scores vs sucrose% (Fig. 2a) indicates that environment E2, E4 and E1 had higher main effect over the mean, indicates that they are the better predictive environments for sucrose%. G48 (Co 15023), G3 (Co 0116), G4 (Co 0118), G37 (Co 12026), G10 (Co 0241) with higher main effect and least interaction effect were identified as stable genotypes for sucrose%. IPCA1 vs IPCA2 biplots (Fig. 2b) for sucrose% reveals that genotypes G21 (Co 06037), G48 (Co 15023), G42 (Co 13034), G8 (Co 0238), G49 (Co 15024), G47 (Co 14036), G39 (Co 12028), G3 (Co 0116) positioned nearer to the origin. It indicates that they had stable performance across the studied environments. On the contrary genotypes G2 (Co 98014), G5 (Co 0122), G43 (Co 13035), G19 (Co 06035), G29 (Co 09021), G32 (Co 10036), G22 (Co 07023), G44 (Co 13036) positioned far away from the origin, specifies their sensitivity against the environments.
GGE biplots for cane yield and sucrose
The GGE biplot is very useful statistical analysis to understand the aggression of the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) besides to identify superior genotypes and mega environments. It is a scatter plot, represents the entries/genotypes and the tester’s/environments graphically in a two-way data for visualizing of the mega environments, identification of stable environments and ranking of the genotypes (Yan 2002).
The discriminativeness vs representative GGE Biplots, enables to recognize the favorable environments having highest discriminatory power to the genotypes. The AEC (average environmental coordinates) and test environments are capable of predicting three types of environments viz., type-1 (short vectors with normal differentiate power displaying the average performance of genotypes), type-2 (longest vectors with the highest discriminatory power, capable to discriminate the performance of the genotypes) and type-3 (longest vector with great angles, appropriate to severe effects of environments) (Yan et al. 2007). Our study reveals that for cane yield E1, and for sucrose% E6 has the longest environmental vector with fine angles to AEC, ought to the highest discriminatory power and are deliberated as perfect environments for the expression of the respective traits i.e., cane yield and sucrose% (Fig. 3a, 3b). Straight environmental vector detected in E3 for cane yield and E2 for sucrose%, indicating lesser distinction in relation to genotypes i.e., all the studied genotypes had the average or similar performance in these environments for the respective traits.
The mean vs stability biplots visualizes the average performance of the genotypes across the environments. The line (Fig. 4a and 4b) fleeting through the origin represents the "average-environment coordinates" and rightward side of the upright line denotes high yielding genotypes. The second axis symbolizes stability; more stable genotypes are positioned nearer to the origin (Yan 2011; Hongyu et al. 2014; Hongyu et al. 2015) and the genotypes situated closest in the direction of AEC are considered perfect and best achievers (Yan et al. 2007). We found, G52 (Co 15027), is the most productive but unstable genotype for cane yield due to its distant position from AEC (Fig. 4a). Genotypes G47 (Co 14036), G8 (Co 0238), G48 (Co 15023), G43 (Co 13035), G50 (Co 15025), G40 (Co 12029), G18 (Co 06034) and G12 (Co 0331) are located closer to the AEC in rightward indicates their higher productivity and stability for cane yield. Genotypes G31 (Co 10035), G34 (Co 10039), G5 (Co 0122), G33 (Co 10037), G38 (Co 12027), G27 (Co 07028), G23 (Co 07024), G13 (Co 0424), G7 (Co 0237), G36 (Co 11027), G9 (Co 0240) etc., are located in the opposite direction and away from the AEC, so they are poor cane yielder and less stable. For sucrose%, genotypes G48 (Co 15023), G38 (Co 12027), G3 (Co 0116), G4 (Co 0118), G37 (Co 12026), G42 (Co 13034) and G10 (Co 0241) are situated closer to the AEC towards arrow, distant from the origin, indicates their better productiveness and stability for the trait. G29 (Co 09021), G19 (Co 06035), G35 (Co 11026), G17 (Co 06033), G51 (Co 15026) and G2 (Co 98014) are located in the opposite direction and away from the AEC, so they are poor performer and less stable genotypes for sucrose%.
The biplots on ranking of genotypes, simplifies to determine the best performer genotypes based on their locations in the homocentric circle (Yan et al. 2007). The line passing through the origin of biplot is the AEC as divulged by the first two PCs of the environments scores. The genotype located farthest from the arrow denotes the highest yield. Co canes G52 (Co 15027), G47 (Co 14036) for cane yield whereas G48 (Co 15023) and G 38 (Co 12027) for sucrose% occupied the first concentric circle indicating their best productiveness for the concern trait. Co 0238, Co 15023, Co 12029 for cane yield, while Co 0237, Co 0116 and Co 0118 for sucrose%, located the second concentric circle, indicates that they are the next best productive genotypes for cane yield and sucrose% respectively (Fig. 5a and 5b).
Which won where’ GGE biplot constructed by asymmetrical polygon predicts the pictorial grouping of environments based on traversed GEI between the highest yield genotypes (Neisse et al. 2018). The number of lines initiating at the origin of the biplot’s and intercepting the polygon perpendicularly are equal to the sides, in the polygon. The genotypes positioned in all directions outside of the polygon’s origin denotes the vertices; henceforth all the genotypes reside inside the polygon (Yan 2011). A line that vertically crosses a side of the polygon constructs an imaginary environment, the genotypes positioned near that side have better productivity, whereas comparative rank would be reversed for the genotype’s positioned at the line’s opposite extreme of the environments (crossed GE). Thus, the lines glowing from the origin, splits the biplot into sections and each section had a vertex (genotype), denotes best yield performance in environments confined in that section, named a mega-environment.
‘For cane yield (Fig. 6a), G34 (Co 10039), G31 (Co 10035), G23 (Co 07024), G46 (Co 14035), G47 (Co 14036), G52 (Co 15027), G41 (Co 13033) and G27 (Co 07028), were the vertex genotypes confirming the biggest distance from the origin. The vertex genotypes are the best or the poorest performers, in some or all the environments. The six environments were clustered into two mega-environments i.e., mega environment (i) formed by E1, E5 & E4 and mega environment (ii) formed by E3, E2 & E6. Genotypes G52 (Co 15027) and G47 (Co 14036) were the vertexes of mega environment (i) specifies their better performance in plant crops. Similarly, genotype G46 (Co 14035) was the vertex in mega environment (ii), indicates that it was better performer in ratoon crop. For sucrose% as well, the six environments formed two mega group’s (Fig. 6b) viz., mega environment (i) represented by E2, E4, E5, E1 and mega environment (ii) represented by E3, E6. Genotypes G 48 (Co 15023) and G7 (Co 0118) in mega environment (i) were the vertices, indicates their higher performance in these mega environments. There were also genotype vertexes located in the regions with no environment at all, viz., G46 (Co 14035), G23 (Co 07024), G31 (Co 10035), G34 (Co 10039), G27 (Co 07028) and G41 (Co 13033) for cane yield while G41 (Co 13033), G24 (Co 07025), G29 (Co 09021), G19 (Co 06035), G2 (Co 98014), G52 (Co 15027) and G5 (Co 0122) for sucrose%, indicates their poor performance across the environments.
Stability analysis for cane yield and sucrose using different models
Phenotype is the expression of genotype and its interaction with environment. The success of a genotype in a specific or a wide range of environment depends on its adaptability behavior. In most of the crops, the varieties are the outcome of 10–12 years of breeding cycle, which includes developmental and multi-environment testing stages. If a varietal response to environmental vagaries does not deviate from the common response of all the varieties in the trial, is considered as dynamic or agronomic stability, is useful for quantitative traits like yield (Nordan et al. 1986). To decipher the impact of GEI and identification of agronomic stable genotypes several researchers’ time to time proposed different statistical models, which are being extensively used by the plant breeders. In our study, we applied thirteen models (Supplementary Table 2) to the data generated for various cane yield and juice quality traits over a period of six years.
Top ranking of genotypes as per stability coefficients of different models
The ranks of nine coefficients of different stability models for cane yield and sucrose% is presented in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. As per CV concept of biological stability of Francis and Kannenberg (1978), the genotypes having small values are regarded as stable. The CV values for cane yield (Table 2) ranged from 5.46% (Co 05011) to 31.66% (Co 10035). Co 05011 followed by Co 12029, Co 0331, Co 14034, Co 09022, Co 0238, Co 07026, Co 15023, Co 09021 and Co 06033 were the top ten ranked genotypes. According to mean square deviation s2d of Eberhart and Russell (1966), the stable genotypes are those which have smaller values. According to this model, Co 05011 followed by Co 98014, Co 05010, Co 10037, Co 13035, Co 0240, Co 11027, Co 12028, Co 06037 and Co 12029 were the top ten ranked stable genotypes. As per the Coefficient of determination R2 (ranges from 0 to1), the stable genotypes are those which have greater values (Pinthus 1973). As per R2 concept, in our study Co 05010, Co 98014, Co 13035, Co 12028, Co 15027, Co 0118, Co 10037, Co 05011, Co 13036 and Co 15026 were the top ten ranked genotypes. Shukla’s variance σ2i (Shukla 1972) explains the agronomic concept of stability, according to this the genotypes, having smaller values are considered more stable. Co 05011, Co 10037, Co 98014, Co 0240, Co 11027, Co 06037, Co 0331, Co 05010, Co 12029 and Co 0124 were the top ranked genotypes as per σ2i concept. The Superiority measures concept Pi (Lin and Binns 1988) indicates that Co 15027, Co 14036, Co 15023, Co 0238, Co 15026, Co 12029, Co 13035, Co 15025, Co 05011 and Co 0331 are the top ranked genotypes. As per the non-parametric coefficients Si1 and Si2 of Nassar and Hühn (Nassar and Hühn1987) genotypes with small values are considered as more stable. The Si1concept, revealed that Co 15027, Co 0238, Co 05011, Co 15023, Co 10037, Co 0124, Co 11027, Co12029, Co 0240 and Co 06034 were top ranked genotypes in descending order, whereas according to Si2concept Co 15027, Co 0238, Co 15023, Co 10037, Co 05011, Co12029, Co 11027, Co 0240, Co 0124 and Co 10035were the top ranked stable genotypes in descending order. According to the AMMI Stability Value (Purchase et al. 2000), stability increased with decrease in coefficients values. In our study as per ASV, Co 12029, Co 15024, Co 11026, Co 0331, Co 14034, Co 10037, Co 12026, Co 05011, Co 98014 and Co 0122 are top ranked genotypes. Genotypes Stability Index (GSI), combines genotypes mean performance ranks for the trait under study and ASV coefficients rank of the genotypes, lower GSI values is the indication of higher stability across the environments. In our study, Co 12029, Co 0331, Co 05011, Co 14034, Co 12026, Co 15023, Co 0238, Co 13035, Co 05009 and Co 98014 are the most stable genotype.
Cumulative trends based on studied models for ranking of most stable genotypes
In our study, it is evident that the ranking of genotypes varies from model to model, and creates confusion for plant breeders to decide best suitable model and trait specific best performing most stable genotypes. The correlation trend among the stability parameters/coefficients also showed difference in the magnitude and to some extent in direction as well from trait to trait. The merits and demerits of different stability models is nicely discussed by Fasahat et al. (2015). To draw a common consensus regarding the ranking of most stable genotypes for cane yield and sucrose%, we added upon the ranks of nine coefficients viz., CV%, S2d, R2, σ2i, Pi, Si1, Si2, ASV and GSI and named it cumulative trend (Fig. 7).
As per CT, values G16 (Co 05011), was top ranked genotype for cane yield followed by G40 (Co 12029), G8 (Co 0238), G48 (Co 15023), G2 (Co 98014), G12 (Co 0331), G32 (Co 10037), G43 (Co 13035), G18 (Co 06034), G9 (Co 0240), G45 (Co 14034), G21 (Co 06037) and G6 (Co 0124). Among the above listed 12 genotypes, eight viz., Co 05011, Co 12029, Co 0238, Co 15023, Co 98014, Co 13035, Co 06034 and Co 0124 are already gazette notified for commercial cultivation under NWZ of India. For sucrose % G48 (Co 15023), G21 (Co 06037), G3 (Co 0116), G4 (Co 0118), G8 (Co 0238), G12 (Co 0331), G42 (Co 13034), G38 (Co 12027), G18 (Co 06034) and G15 (Co 05010) are the top ranked stable genotypes. Combining cane yield and sucrose%, G48 (Co 15023), G8 (Co 0238), G21 (Co 06037), G12 (Co 0331), G4 (Co 0118) and G18 (Co 06034) are the most stable genotypes. Among them G48 (Co 15023), G8 (Co 0238), G4 (Co 0118) and G18 (Co 06034) are gazette notified varieties for commercial cultivation in north west zone (NWZ) of India.
Table 2
Performance for cane yield (t ha− 1) and ranking of genotypes as per nine stability parameters
Clones | Mean | CV | R | S2d | R | R2 | R | σ2i | R | Pi | R | Si(1) | R | Si2 | R | ASV | R | GSI | R |
G1 | 64.70 | 19.04 | 34 | 160.29 | 35 | 0.09 | 42 | 158.52 | 27 | 3546.22 | 45 | 1.87 | 14 | 55.6 | 26 | 0.73 | 41 | 87 | 50 |
G2 | 91.07 | 14.22 | 18 | 1.78 | 2 | 0.93 | 2 | 32.11 | 3 | 1569.37 | 21 | 2.93 | 25 | 28.2 | 11 | 0.23 | 9 | 32 | 10 |
G3 | 75.97 | 27.15 | 49 | 500.53 | 52 | 0.03 | 48 | 440.2 | 51 | 2773.84 | 37 | 3.27 | 29 | 189.4 | 51 | 1.02 | 49 | 83 | 47 |
G4 | 97.99 | 17.59 | 28 | 66.23 | 14 | 0.79 | 6 | 121.36 | 18 | 1209.25 | 14 | 3.93 | 32 | 85 | 33 | 0.51 | 29 | 45 | 18 |
G5 | 54.06 | 22.99 | 44 | 171.55 | 36 | 0.04 | 46 | 177.73 | 32 | 4352.46 | 50 | 2.07 | 16 | 30 | 14 | 0.24 | 10 | 60 | 33 |
G6 | 73.68 | 12.03 | 13 | 56.15 | 13 | 0.3 | 29 | 63.13 | 10 | 2737.88 | 36 | 1.27 | 6 | 23.8 | 9 | 0.34 | 15 | 51 | 23 |
G7 | 71.52 | 22.62 | 43 | 269.96 | 47 | 0.14 | 38 | 235.43 | 41 | 3021.71 | 41 | 4.4 | 40 | 98.2 | 36 | 0.65 | 37 | 77 | 42 |
G8 | 119.81 | 10.65 | 6 | 68.62 | 15 | 0.6 | 15 | 69.16 | 11 | 453.64 | 4 | 0.67 | 2 | 3.4 | 2 | 0.45 | 22 | 26 | 7 |
G9 | 68.44 | 12.42 | 17 | 28.7 | 6 | 0.54 | 18 | 33.72 | 4 | 3084.57 | 42 | 1.67 | 9 | 23.4 | 8 | 0.29 | 11 | 55 | 28 |
G10 | 86.95 | 18.04 | 30 | 237.77 | 42 | 0.18 | 35 | 206.35 | 35 | 1893.94 | 26 | 4.4 | 41 | 120 | 43 | 0.38 | 19 | 46 | 21 |
G11 | 78.43 | 21.03 | 41 | 299.26 | 48 | 0.08 | 43 | 266.09 | 44 | 2449.23 | 33 | 5.33 | 47 | 142.8 | 48 | 0.5 | 27 | 61 | 34 |
G12 | 103.50 | 8.75 | 3 | 53.93 | 12 | 0.35 | 26 | 58.39 | 7 | 1057.81 | 10 | 3 | 27 | 36 | 17 | 0.15 | 4 | 14 | 2 |
G13 | 70.00 | 21.41 | 42 | 246.55 | 46 | 0.08 | 44 | 226.35 | 39 | 3124.05 | 43 | 4.2 | 37 | 108.4 | 38 | 0.8 | 44 | 85 | 49 |
G14 | 92.14 | 19.44 | 35 | 216.31 | 40 | 0.43 | 20 | 203.71 | 34 | 1513.04 | 20 | 5.47 | 48 | 109 | 40 | 0.29 | 12 | 32 | 9 |
G15 | 73.42 | 20.46 | 39 | 5.28 | 3 | 0.94 | 1 | 59.32 | 8 | 2648.82 | 34 | 2.4 | 20 | 31.2 | 15 | 0.36 | 18 | 55 | 29 |
G16 | 105.07 | 5.46 | 1 | -1.55 | 1 | 0.72 | 8 | 14.85 | 1 | 957.14 | 9 | 0.87 | 3 | 9.4 | 5 | 0.2 | 8 | 17 | 3 |
G17 | 85.97 | 11.64 | 10 | 75.9 | 18 | 0.29 | 31 | 250.4 | 43 | 2156.49 | 32 | 5.8 | 50 | 163 | 50 | 0.94 | 47 | 77 | 43 |
G18 | 99.86 | 11.76 | 12 | 85.72 | 19 | 0.43 | 21 | 78.75 | 13 | 1136.13 | 12 | 1.67 | 10 | 34 | 16 | 0.48 | 25 | 38 | 15 |
G19 | 92.63 | 15.52 | 23 | 155.94 | 32 | 0.35 | 27 | 137.67 | 22 | 1576 | 22 | 4.6 | 44 | 109.6 | 41 | 0.34 | 16 | 35 | 12 |
G20 | 89.05 | 14.68 | 20 | 180.29 | 37 | 0.1 | 40 | 171.91 | 31 | 1869.82 | 25 | 3.73 | 31 | 86.8 | 34 | 0.61 | 32 | 57 | 32 |
G21 | 73.74 | 12.08 | 14 | 48.14 | 9 | 0.38 | 25 | 52.76 | 6 | 2670.36 | 35 | 1.67 | 11 | 29.6 | 13 | 0.34 | 17 | 52 | 24 |
G22 | 97.07 | 12.24 | 15 | 156.46 | 33 | 0.04 | 47 | 167.86 | 30 | 1458.23 | 18 | 4.2 | 38 | 108.6 | 39 | 0.52 | 30 | 48 | 22 |
G23 | 66.46 | 18.06 | 31 | 52.19 | 11 | 0.64 | 13 | 363.91 | 50 | 3626.59 | 47 | 5.53 | 49 | 123.8 | 45 | 1.19 | 51 | 96 | 52 |
G24 | 92.25 | 18.47 | 32 | 317.69 | 50 | 0.09 | 41 | 279.23 | 46 | 1734.14 | 23 | 4.8 | 45 | 103 | 37 | 0.48 | 26 | 45 | 19 |
G25 | 86.52 | 10.77 | 7 | 95.29 | 20 | 0 | 51 | 142.08 | 24 | 1985.5 | 30 | 3.93 | 33 | 82.8 | 32 | 0.71 | 40 | 68 | 40 |
G26 | 88.04 | 15.94 | 24 | 180.7 | 38 | 0.21 | 33 | 159.48 | 28 | 1904.8 | 28 | 2.67 | 23 | 50.4 | 23 | 0.5 | 28 | 53 | 26 |
G27 | 62.11 | 29.54 | 51 | 238.3 | 43 | 0.4 | 22 | 221.31 | 38 | 3549.59 | 46 | 1.87 | 12 | 115.4 | 42 | 0.79 | 43 | 90 | 51 |
G28 | 69.56 | 19.81 | 38 | 180.81 | 39 | 0.18 | 36 | 161.48 | 29 | 2989.74 | 40 | 2.67 | 24 | 89 | 35 | 0.66 | 38 | 80 | 45 |
G29 | 90.88 | 11.06 | 9 | 100.1 | 21 | 0.11 | 39 | 111.83 | 17 | 1749.45 | 24 | 3.93 | 34 | 77.2 | 30 | 0.3 | 13 | 37 | 13 |
G30 | 101.06 | 10.38 | 5 | 121.38 | 24 | 0.02 | 49 | 147.98 | 26 | 1169.6 | 13 | 4 | 35 | 81.4 | 31 | 0.61 | 33 | 45 | 20 |
G31 | 49.60 | 31.66 | 52 | 136.49 | 28 | 0.52 | 19 | 133.76 | 20 | 4703.79 | 52 | 2.2 | 18 | 23.8 | 10 | 0.55 | 31 | 83 | 48 |
G32 | 72.34 | 15.25 | 22 | 130 | 26 | 0.06 | 45 | 142.16 | 25 | 2918.63 | 39 | 2.47 | 22 | 68.6 | 28 | 0.45 | 23 | 62 | 36 |
G33 | 59.10 | 14.32 | 19 | 8.87 | 4 | 0.76 | 7 | 14.98 | 2 | 3851.35 | 49 | 1.2 | 5 | 9.2 | 4 | 0.17 | 6 | 55 | 30 |
G34 | 53.48 | 26.69 | 48 | 239.45 | 44 | 0.01 | 50 | 249.75 | 42 | 4440.6 | 51 | 2 | 15 | 40 | 18 | 0.3 | 14 | 65 | 39 |
G35 | 72.52 | 14.75 | 21 | 101.04 | 23 | 0.2 | 34 | 100.53 | 16 | 2864.18 | 38 | 4.27 | 39 | 68 | 27 | 0.07 | 3 | 41 | 16 |
G36 | 68.03 | 12.39 | 16 | 39.98 | 7 | 0.4 | 23 | 46.75 | 5 | 3196.77 | 44 | 1.4 | 7 | 12.2 | 7 | 0.4 | 20 | 64 | 37 |
G37 | 97.59 | 11.71 | 11 | 100.58 | 22 | 0.3 | 30 | 93.32 | 15 | 1352.63 | 16 | 3.13 | 28 | 55.4 | 25 | 0.19 | 7 | 24 | 5 |
G38 | 61.40 | 24.32 | 46 | 157.98 | 34 | 0.39 | 24 | 141.27 | 23 | 3754.97 | 48 | 2.13 | 17 | 47 | 21 | 0.61 | 34 | 81 | 46 |
G39 | 91.75 | 19.48 | 36 | 40 | 8 | 0.87 | 4 | 122.64 | 19 | 1445.1 | 17 | 4.53 | 43 | 76 | 29 | 0.68 | 39 | 61 | 35 |
G40 | 114.56 | 7.4 | 2 | 51.99 | 10 | 0.28 | 32 | 62.09 | 9 | 631.54 | 6 | 1.4 | 8 | 10.8 | 6 | 0.05 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
G41 | 84.78 | 23.03 | 45 | 134.33 | 27 | 0.69 | 11 | 193.57 | 33 | 1894.77 | 27 | 5 | 46 | 121.6 | 44 | 0.83 | 45 | 76 | 41 |
G42 | 86.08 | 27.15 | 50 | 245.95 | 45 | 0.62 | 14 | 330.04 | 48 | 1930.92 | 29 | 6.07 | 51 | 206 | 52 | 0.98 | 48 | 77 | 44 |
G43 | 111.07 | 16.96 | 27 | 21.84 | 5 | 0.92 | 3 | 136.28 | 21 | 647.68 | 7 | 2.4 | 21 | 28.2 | 12 | 0.47 | 24 | 31 | 8 |
G44 | 99.65 | 20.83 | 40 | 148.49 | 30 | 0.7 | 9 | 226.88 | 40 | 1093.53 | 11 | 6.4 | 52 | 133.6 | 46 | 0.78 | 42 | 55 | 31 |
G45 | 98.02 | 8.99 | 4 | 68.95 | 16 | 0.16 | 37 | 83.86 | 14 | 1310.08 | 15 | 2.93 | 26 | 47.8 | 22 | 0.16 | 5 | 20 | 4 |
G46 | 98.54 | 16.44 | 26 | 313.76 | 49 | 0 | 52 | 348.09 | 49 | 1466.36 | 19 | 4.4 | 42 | 136.2 | 47 | 1.11 | 50 | 64 | 38 |
G47 | 128.13 | 16.39 | 25 | 351.62 | 51 | 0.34 | 28 | 320.72 | 47 | 243.01 | 2 | 2.33 | 19 | 45.2 | 20 | 0.63 | 35 | 37 | 14 |
G48 | 120.26 | 10.82 | 8 | 71.9 | 17 | 0.6 | 16 | 72.8 | 12 | 445.76 | 3 | 0.93 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0.42 | 21 | 24 | 6 |
G49 | 83.27 | 25.23 | 47 | 235.74 | 41 | 0.55 | 17 | 266.93 | 45 | 2140.1 | 31 | 4.13 | 36 | 161.2 | 49 | 0.06 | 2 | 34 | 11 |
G50 | 109.19 | 18.69 | 33 | 153.65 | 31 | 0.68 | 12 | 220.69 | 37 | 786.45 | 8 | 3.33 | 30 | 54.6 | 24 | 0.64 | 36 | 44 | 17 |
G51 | 114.33 | 17.7 | 29 | 141.12 | 29 | 0.7 | 10 | 212 | 36 | 579.82 | 5 | 1.87 | 13 | 44 | 19 | 0.9 | 46 | 52 | 25 |
G52 | 141.68 | 19.65 | 37 | 125.22 | 25 | 0.86 | 5 | 449.12 | 52 | 21.31 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.35 | 52 | 53 | 27 |
Note: CV = Coefficient of variance], S2d = mean square deviation, R2 = Determination coefficient, σ2i = Shukla’s variance Pi = Superiority measures, Si1 and Si2 = non parametric coefficients, ASV is AMMI Stability Value and GSI is Genotypes Stability Index, R = rank |
Table 3
Performance for sucrose% and ranking of genotypes as per nine stability parameters
Clones | Mean | CV | R | S2d | R | R2 | R | σ2i | R | Pi | R | Si(1) | R | Si2 | R | ASV | R | GSI | R |
G1 | 18.75 | 7.26 | 47 | 0.41 | 31 | 0.81 | 8 | 0.79 | 42 | 3.70 | 26 | 4.00 | 37 | 161.60 | 46 | 0.82 | 45 | 69 | 37 |
G2 | 17.85 | 8.74 | 50 | 2.00 | 52 | 0.34 | 36 | 1.78 | 50 | 6.69 | 45 | 5.00 | 47 | 126.65 | 42 | 1.08 | 51 | 95 | 50 |
G3 | 20.28 | 4.51 | 31 | 0.06 | 5 | 0.92 | 4 | 0.15 | 7 | 0.63 | 4 | 1.40 | 6 | 12.00 | 6 | 0.20 | 10 | 14 | 2 |
G4 | 20.03 | 2.94 | 8 | 0.10 | 7 | 0.71 | 14 | 0.10 | 3 | 0.84 | 5 | 1.40 | 7 | 16.80 | 9 | 0.33 | 18 | 23 | 6 |
G5 | 18.76 | 6.04 | 43 | 1.29 | 48 | 0.18 | 45 | 1.09 | 45 | 3.60 | 24 | 6.47 | 51 | 219.40 | 52 | 0.87 | 46 | 69 | 38 |
G6 | 18.80 | 2.01 | 2 | 0.12 | 10 | 0.19 | 44 | 0.29 | 22 | 3.15 | 22 | 4.00 | 38 | 84.80 | 32 | 0.43 | 25 | 47 | 22 |
G7 | 20.38 | 3.64 | 17 | 0.46 | 34 | 0.30 | 37 | 0.42 | 29 | 0.59 | 3 | 1.53 | 11 | 30.40 | 13 | 0.61 | 37 | 40 | 18 |
G8 | 19.37 | 3.09 | 10 | 0.13 | 11 | 0.66 | 17 | 0.13 | 5 | 1.91 | 10 | 2.20 | 17 | 28.60 | 12 | 0.29 | 12 | 22 | 5 |
G9 | 18.52 | 1.68 | 1 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.55 | 22 | 0.16 | 9 | 3.85 | 29 | 3.80 | 35 | 76.65 | 25 | 0.36 | 21 | 51 | 25 |
G10 | 19.29 | 4.34 | 28 | 0.18 | 15 | 0.77 | 12 | 0.19 | 12 | 2.10 | 11 | 3.27 | 29 | 61.20 | 21 | 0.19 | 8 | 20 | 4 |
G11 | 18.97 | 3.16 | 11 | 0.19 | 16 | 0.53 | 24 | 0.18 | 11 | 2.80 | 19 | 3.13 | 25 | 78.45 | 28 | 0.16 | 6 | 26 | 9 |
G12 | 19.74 | 2.32 | 5 | 0.12 | 8 | 0.46 | 28 | 0.18 | 10 | 1.27 | 6 | 1.13 | 5 | 16.60 | 8 | 0.38 | 24 | 31 | 12 |
G13 | 19.09 | 5.42 | 40 | 0.29 | 22 | 0.77 | 11 | 0.36 | 24 | 2.61 | 15 | 4.13 | 39 | 99.45 | 36 | 0.47 | 29 | 46 | 21 |
G14 | 19.10 | 3.90 | 19 | 0.41 | 32 | 0.37 | 35 | 0.37 | 25 | 2.53 | 14 | 4.60 | 45 | 86.65 | 33 | 0.31 | 15 | 31 | 13 |
G15 | 17.98 | 2.11 | 3 | 0.03 | 4 | 0.69 | 15 | 0.11 | 4 | 5.51 | 40 | 1.60 | 12 | 14.05 | 7 | 0.33 | 19 | 60 | 30 |
G16 | 18.02 | 4.90 | 34 | 0.67 | 40 | 0.29 | 39 | 0.58 | 35 | 5.56 | 41 | 3.27 | 30 | 64.60 | 23 | 0.61 | 36 | 76 | 42 |
G17 | 17.64 | 4.09 | 24 | 0.46 | 36 | 0.26 | 41 | 0.44 | 31 | 6.82 | 46 | 1.40 | 8 | 19.85 | 10 | 0.55 | 34 | 80 | 45 |
G18 | 19.50 | 2.81 | 7 | 0.14 | 13 | 0.56 | 20 | 0.16 | 8 | 1.65 | 8 | 2.67 | 19 | 50.25 | 20 | 0.36 | 20 | 28 | 10 |
G19 | 17.16 | 10.63 | 51 | 1.09 | 47 | 0.73 | 13 | 1.92 | 51 | 9.49 | 50 | 1.47 | 10 | 37.65 | 16 | 1.35 | 52 | 100 | 51 |
G20 | 18.31 | 4.03 | 22 | 0.23 | 17 | 0.63 | 19 | 0.20 | 13 | 4.51 | 34 | 3.73 | 34 | 63.25 | 22 | 0.29 | 13 | 47 | 23 |
G21 | 18.50 | 3.06 | 9 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.94 | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | 3.89 | 31 | 1.00 | 4 | 7.20 | 4 | 0.10 | 1 | 32 | 14 |
G22 | 19.10 | 5.28 | 37 | 0.70 | 41 | 0.43 | 32 | 0.60 | 37 | 2.69 | 18 | 3.87 | 36 | 119.05 | 41 | 0.63 | 38 | 53 | 27 |
G23 | 18.68 | 4.36 | 29 | 0.80 | 45 | 0.00 | 52 | 0.97 | 44 | 3.76 | 27 | 7.00 | 52 | 219.00 | 51 | 0.20 | 9 | 35 | 16 |
G24 | 18.68 | 5.07 | 36 | 1.09 | 46 | 0.01 | 51 | 1.16 | 49 | 3.84 | 28 | 6.13 | 50 | 203.20 | 49 | 1.00 | 48 | 75 | 40 |
G25 | 18.26 | 4.44 | 30 | 0.67 | 39 | 0.16 | 46 | 0.63 | 39 | 4.82 | 38 | 3.00 | 24 | 79.60 | 29 | 0.74 | 43 | 79 | 44 |
G26 | 17.94 | 5.37 | 38 | 0.65 | 38 | 0.42 | 34 | 0.55 | 33 | 5.82 | 42 | 4.93 | 46 | 131.60 | 44 | 0.54 | 32 | 74 | 39 |
G27 | 18.24 | 4.23 | 27 | 0.13 | 12 | 0.79 | 9 | 0.13 | 6 | 4.72 | 36 | 2.67 | 20 | 35.65 | 14 | 0.23 | 11 | 49 | 24 |
G28 | 18.61 | 5.53 | 41 | 0.65 | 37 | 0.49 | 26 | 0.57 | 34 | 3.87 | 30 | 3.20 | 26 | 171.40 | 48 | 0.54 | 33 | 62 | 32 |
G29 | 14.75 | 12.64 | 52 | 1.47 | 51 | 0.66 | 18 | 2.14 | 52 | 22.36 | 52 | 0.40 | 3 | 1.60 | 3 | 1.01 | 49 | 101 | 52 |
G30 | 18.30 | 5.38 | 39 | 0.39 | 28 | 0.66 | 16 | 0.38 | 28 | 4.64 | 35 | 2.67 | 21 | 92.80 | 34 | 0.45 | 27 | 62 | 33 |
G31 | 18.74 | 3.26 | 13 | 0.41 | 30 | 0.08 | 48 | 0.51 | 32 | 3.41 | 23 | 4.33 | 41 | 128.80 | 43 | 0.71 | 41 | 66 | 35 |
G32 | 17.30 | 8.26 | 49 | 0.43 | 33 | 0.82 | 7 | 0.90 | 43 | 8.44 | 47 | 2.00 | 16 | 41.80 | 17 | 0.89 | 47 | 94 | 49 |
G33 | 19.26 | 3.40 | 15 | 0.28 | 21 | 0.44 | 30 | 0.26 | 18 | 2.16 | 12 | 2.67 | 22 | 47.85 | 19 | 0.45 | 28 | 41 | 19 |
G34 | 17.10 | 6.98 | 45 | 1.31 | 49 | 0.25 | 42 | 1.10 | 46 | 9.16 | 49 | 1.80 | 13 | 44.65 | 18 | 0.49 | 30 | 80 | 46 |
G35 | 17.14 | 3.93 | 20 | 0.24 | 18 | 0.53 | 25 | 0.22 | 16 | 8.73 | 48 | 1.40 | 9 | 10.80 | 5 | 0.44 | 26 | 75 | 41 |
G36 | 17.82 | 3.97 | 21 | 0.31 | 24 | 0.48 | 27 | 0.27 | 20 | 6.14 | 44 | 4.20 | 40 | 102.40 | 37 | 0.32 | 16 | 61 | 31 |
G37 | 19.78 | 3.83 | 18 | 0.30 | 23 | 0.54 | 23 | 0.26 | 19 | 1.30 | 7 | 1.80 | 14 | 37.40 | 15 | 0.37 | 22 | 28 | 11 |
G38 | 20.66 | 3.19 | 12 | 0.27 | 20 | 0.45 | 29 | 0.26 | 17 | 0.28 | 2 | 0.33 | 2 | 1.40 | 2 | 0.37 | 23 | 25 | 8 |
G39 | 18.65 | 3.29 | 14 | 0.34 | 27 | 0.23 | 43 | 0.38 | 27 | 3.64 | 25 | 5.53 | 49 | 113.60 | 38 | 0.16 | 4 | 32 | 15 |
G40 | 18.24 | 4.20 | 26 | 0.40 | 29 | 0.43 | 33 | 0.35 | 23 | 4.81 | 37 | 3.47 | 31 | 83.05 | 31 | 0.31 | 14 | 51 | 26 |
G41 | 19.16 | 4.05 | 23 | 0.71 | 42 | 0.02 | 50 | 1.11 | 47 | 2.63 | 16 | 3.20 | 27 | 214.80 | 50 | 1.03 | 50 | 64 | 34 |
G42 | 19.47 | 2.60 | 6 | 0.16 | 14 | 0.43 | 31 | 0.20 | 14 | 1.70 | 9 | 1.87 | 15 | 28.00 | 11 | 0.19 | 7 | 16 | 3 |
G43 | 18.47 | 4.59 | 32 | 0.79 | 44 | 0.09 | 47 | 0.77 | 41 | 4.27 | 33 | 4.53 | 43 | 169.60 | 47 | 0.78 | 44 | 77 | 43 |
G44 | 18.08 | 3.48 | 16 | 0.46 | 35 | 0.03 | 49 | 0.62 | 38 | 5.36 | 39 | 2.87 | 23 | 118.00 | 40 | 0.71 | 42 | 81 | 47 |
G45 | 19.32 | 4.80 | 33 | 0.77 | 43 | 0.27 | 40 | 0.66 | 40 | 2.19 | 13 | 3.67 | 33 | 94.45 | 35 | 0.50 | 31 | 42 | 20 |
G46 | 18.48 | 6.17 | 44 | 0.09 | 6 | 0.93 | 3 | 0.37 | 26 | 4.19 | 32 | 3.47 | 32 | 117.05 | 39 | 0.60 | 35 | 67 | 36 |
G47 | 16.42 | 7.57 | 48 | 1.34 | 50 | 0.30 | 38 | 1.13 | 48 | 12.39 | 51 | 3.20 | 28 | 77.80 | 27 | 0.11 | 2 | 53 | 28 |
G48 | 21.29 | 2.12 | 4 | -0.01 | 1 | 0.93 | 2 | 0.02 | 2 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.13 | 1 | 0.20 | 1 | 0.16 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
G49 | 18.96 | 4.17 | 25 | 0.32 | 26 | 0.56 | 21 | 0.28 | 21 | 2.81 | 20 | 2.60 | 18 | 77.00 | 26 | 0.11 | 3 | 24 | 7 |
G50 | 19.05 | 5.02 | 35 | 0.12 | 9 | 0.88 | 5 | 0.21 | 15 | 2.66 | 17 | 4.47 | 42 | 70.00 | 24 | 0.32 | 17 | 35 | 17 |
G51 | 17.88 | 7.13 | 46 | 0.25 | 19 | 0.87 | 6 | 0.60 | 36 | 6.14 | 43 | 4.53 | 44 | 82.45 | 30 | 0.65 | 40 | 83 | 48 |
G52 | 18.97 | 5.73 | 42 | 0.32 | 25 | 0.77 | 10 | 0.42 | 30 | 2.93 | 21 | 5.47 | 48 | 158.40 | 45 | 0.65 | 39 | 58 | 29 |
Note: CV = Coefficient of variance], S2d = mean square deviation, R2 = Determination coefficient, σ2i = Shukla’s variance Pi = Superiority measures, Si1 and Si2 = non parametric coefficients, ASV is AMMI Stability Value and GSI is Genotypes Stability Index, R = rank |