ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank all the children and their families who took part in the study, as well as the healthcare staff at the study hospitals. We also would like to thank the field project team, the AIRE Research Study Group, the Ministries of Health of the four countries for their support, and UNITAID for funding the AIRE project.
Contributors: EG, SL, VL, LPB, conceptualised the study design,with contributions from BM, DK, AS, JSK, GBH and VR. EG, SL, LPB, GBH, BM, DK, AS and JSK conducted training, data collection and management. EG and SL with contributions from ZZ conducted the data analysis. EB conducted geographical analysis. EG and SL wrote the first draft of this article. All authors were involved in data interpretation and review of the final manuscript. VL is the guarantor.
Funding: The ITINER’AIRE Study is part of the AIRE project, funded by UNITAID, with in-kind support from Inserm and the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD). UNITAID was not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, nor in the writing of the manuscript. ITINER’AIRE study was conducted with no additional cost.
AIRE Research Study Group is composed as follows:
Country investigators: Burkina Faso: S. Yugbaré Ouédraogo (PI), V. M. Sanon Zombré (CoPI), Guinea: M. Sama Cherif (CoPI), I. S. Diallo (CoPI), D. F. Kaba, (PI). Mali: A. A. Diakité (PI), A. Sidibé, (CoPI).Niger: H. Abarry Souleymane (CoPI), F. T. Issagana Dikouma (PI). Research coordinators & data centers: CERPOP, Inserm, Toulouse 3 University, France: H. Agbeci (Int Health Economist), L. Catala (Research associate), D. L. Dahourou (Research associate), S. Desmonde (Research associate), E.Gres (PhD Student), G. B. Hedible (Int research project manager), V. Leroy (Research coordinator), L. Peters Bokol (Int clinical research monitor), J. Tavarez (Research project assistant), Z. Zair (Statistician). CEPED, IRD, Paris, France: S. Louart (process manager), V. Ridde (process coordination). Inserm U1137, Paris, France : A. Cousien (Research associate). Inserm U1219, EMR271 IRD, Bordeaux University, France : R. Becquet (Research associate), V.Briand (Research associate), V. Journot (Research associate). PACCI, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire : S. Lenaud (Int data manager), B. Seri (Supervisor IT), C. Yao (data manager supervisor). Consortium NGOs partners: Alima-HQ (consortium lead), Dakar, Sénégal: G. Anago (Int Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), D. Badiane (Supply chain manager), M. Kinda (Director), D. Neboua (Medical officer), P. S. Dia (Supply chainmanager), S. Shepherd (referent NGO), N. di Mauro (Operations support officer), G. Noël (Knowledge broker), K. Nyoka (Communication and advocacy officer), W. Taokreo (Finance manager), O. B. Coulidiati Lompo (Finance manager), M. Vignon (Project Manager). Alima, Conakry, Guinea: P. Aba (clinical supervisor), N. Diallo (clinical supervisor), M. Ngaradoum (Medical Team Leader), S. Léno (data collector), A. T. Sow (data collector), A. Baldé (data collector), A. Soumah (data collector), B. Baldé (data collector), F. Bah (data collector), K. C. Millimouno (data collector), M. Haba (data collector), M. Bah (data collector), M. Soumah (data collector), M. Guilavogui (data collector), M. N. Sylla (data collector), S. Diallo (data collector), S. F. Dounfangadouno (data collector), T. I. Bah (data collector), S. Sani (data collector), C. Gnongoue (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), S. Gaye (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), J. P. Y. Guilavogui (Clinical Research Assistant), A. O. Touré (Country health economist), J. S. Kolié (Country clinical research monitor), A. S. Savadogo (country project manager). Alima, Bamako, Mali: F. Sangala (Medical Team Leader), M. Traore (Clinical supervisor), T. Konare (Clinical supervisor), A.Coulibaly (Country health economist), A. Keita (data collector), D. Diarra (data collector), H. Traoré (data collector), I.Sangaré (data collector), I. Koné (data collector), M. Traoré (data collector), S. Diarra (data collector), V. Opoue (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), F. K. Keita (medical coordinator), M. Dougabka (Clinical research assistant then Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), B. Dembélé (data collector then Clinical research assistant), M. S. Doumbia (country health economist), G. D. Kargougou (country clinical research monitor), S. Keita (country project manager). Solthis-HQ, Paris: S. Bouille (NGO referent), S. Calmettes (NGO referent), F. Lamontagne (NGO referent). Solthis, Niamey: K. H. Harouna (clinical supervisor), B. Moutari (clinical supervisor), I. Issaka (clinical supervisor), S. O. Assoumane (clinical supervisor), S. Dioiri (Medical Team Leader), M. Sidi (data collector), K. Sani Alio (Country supply chain officer), S. Amina (data collector), R. Agbokou (Clinical research assistant), M. G. Hamidou (Clinical Research Assistant), S. M. Sani (Country health economist), A. Mahamane, Aboubacar Abdou (data collector), B. Ousmane (data collector), I Kabirou (data collector), I. Mahaman (data collector), I Mamoudou (data collector), M. Baguido (data collector), R. Abdoul (data collector), A. Sahabi (data collector), F. Seini (data collector), Z. Hamani (data collector), L-Y B Meda (Country clinical research monitor), Mactar Niome (country project manager), X. Toviho (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), I. Sanouna (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), P. Kouam (program officer). Roubanatou Abdoulaye-Mamadou (director Solthis, Niger) Terre des hommes-HQ, Lausanne: S. Busière (NGO referent), F. Triclin (NGO referent). Terre des hommes, BF: A. Hema (country project manager), M. Bayala (IeDA IT), L. Tapsoba (Monitoring Evaluation Accountability And Learning Officer), J. B. Yaro (Clinical reearch assistant), S. Sougue (Clinical reearch assistant), R. Bakyono (Country health economist), A. G. Sawadogo (Country clinical research monitor), A. Soumah (data collector), Y. A. Lompo (data collector), B. Malgoubri (data collector), F. Douamba (data collector), G. Sore (data collector), L. Wangraoua (data collector), S. Yamponi (data collector), S. I. Bayala (data collector), S. Tiegna (data collector), S. Kam (data collector), S. Yoda (data collector), M. Karantao (data collector), D. F. Barry (Clinical supervisor), O. Sanou (clinical supervisor), N.Nacoulma (Medical Team Leader), N. Semde (clinical supervisor), I. Ouattara (Clinical supervisor), F. Wango (clinical supervisor), Z. Gneissien (clinical supervisor), H. Congo (clinical supervisor). Terre des hommes, Mali: Y. Diarra (clinical supervisor), B. Ouattara (clinical supervisor), A. Maiga (data collector), F. Diabate (data collector), O. Goita (data collector), S. Gana (data collector), S. Diallo (data collector), S. Sylla (data collector), D. Coulibaly (Tdh project manager), N. Sakho (NGO referent). Country SHS team: Burkina Faso: K. Kadio (consultant and research associate), J. Yougbaré (data collector), D. Zongo (data collector), S. Tougouma (data collector), A. Dicko (data collector), Z. Nanema (data collector), I. Balima (data collector), A. Ouedraogo (data collector), A. Ouattara (data collector), S. E. Coulibaly (data collector). Guinea: H. Baldé (consultant and research associate), L. Barry (data collector), E. Duparc Haba (data collector). Mali: A. Coulibaly (consultant and research associate), T. Sidibe (data collector), Y. Sangare (data collector), B. Traore (data collector), Y. Diarra (data collector). Niger: A. E. Dagobi (consultant and research associate), S. Salifou (data collector), B. Gana Moustapha Chétima (data collector), I. H. Abdou (data collector).
Competing interest: All authors have declared no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval and consent to participate:
The four national ethics committees (Burkina Faso n°2022/089/MS/MESRI/CERS, Guinea n°51/CNERS/22, Mali n°2022-068-MSDS-CNESS and Niger n° 038/2022/CNERS), the WHO Ethics Committee (n° ERC.0003788) have approved the protocol. The study has been conducted within the framework of the agreements signed with each hospital. All children were registered with written parental consent and were assigned a unique identifier associated with the data collected to guarantee confidentiality.
Data Availability Statement: The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available. Access to processed deidentified participant data will be made available to any third Party after the publication of the main AIRE results stated in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry Study statement (PACTR202206525204526, registered on 06/15/2022), upon a motivated request (concept sheet), and after the written consent of the AIRE research coordinator (Valeriane Leroy, [email protected], Inserm U1295 Toulouse, France, orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-8616) obtained after the approval of the AIRE publication committee, if still active.