Bubble buoyancy produces non-conserved energy multiplication experiments

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997041/v1

Download PDF

Article

Bubble buoyancy produces non-conserved energy multiplication experiments

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997041/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

“Energy neither disappears nor is it generated, it is only transformed from one form to another, and in the process of transformation and transfer, the total amount of energy remains the same—law ofconservation of eaergy.” It was established in experiments by several scientists, including Meyer, Joule, etc. Science has never produced energy. Only petrochemical and nuclear materials can be converted to heat and electricity, causing excessive carbon emissions and nuclear pollution. My experiments revealed that the axiom that energy cannot disappear is accurate. The buoyancy of bubbles input underwater can be greater than the pressure at the inlet, Bubble buoyancy can produce non-conserved power or heat; this finding has a wide range of applications, including the correction of astrophysics errors. Promote energy freedom and sustainable development, food security. Play the most important role in replacing carbon emissions.

Physical sciences/Physics/Statistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics/Thermodynamics

Earth and environmental sciences/Planetary science/Atmospheric dynamics

Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Energy harvesting/Devices for energy harvesting

Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Characterization and analytical techniques

Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Renewable energy

“Energy neither disappears nor is it generated, it is only transformed from one form to another, and in the process of transformation and transfer, the total amount of energy remains the same—law ofconservation of eaergy¹.” It was established in experiments by several scientists, including Meyer, Joule, etc. It is expressed as:E_out = E_in, where E_out is the final energy and E_in is the initial energy. Another expression is △U = Q-W, where Q is the energy absorbed by a system, W is the output energy of the system, and △U is the system variation². Science has never produced energy. Only petrochemical and nuclear materials can be converted to heat and electricity, causing excessive carbon emissions and nuclear pollution.

My experiments revealed that the axiom that energy cannot disappear is accurate. The buoyancy of bubbles input underwater can be greater than the pressure at the inlet, Bubble buoyancy can produce non-conserved power or heat; this finding has a wide range of applications, including the correction of astrophysics errors.

More than 20 years ago, when inflating 0.5 m and 1 m water depth fish tanks, I found something to be unusual, and in 2020, I bought a high-efficiency air pump for experiments.

Figure 1 shows a comparison of the two water depth bubbles and the pump current

Experimental results: The proportions of the increased buoyancy and the increased input current are not conserved.

Figure 1a is a 0.5m water depth bubble and air pump current photography

The total volume of bubbles in the water v = 0.02 dm³.

The air pump current I_0.5 is 0.23 A, the voltage is 3 V, and the power is 0.7 W.

The buoyancy force F₀₅ = ρvg = 1 kg/dm³ × 0.02 dm³ × 9.8 N/kg = 0.19 N,

where ρ is the density of water and g is converted to N and kg.

Figure 1b is a 1m water depth bubble and air pump current photography

At a depth of 1 m, the bubble floats for 2 s, and the air pump current is 0.25 A.

The total volume of bubbles in the water v = 0.04 dm³.

The buoyancy force F₁ = ρvg = 1 kg/dm³ × 0.04 dm³ × 9.8 N/kg = 0.39 N,

which is twice the buoyancy force of h = 0.5 m.

Air pump current: I₁ = 0.25 A, voltage: 3 V, power: 0.75 W,

which only increases by 11% compared with that of h = 0.5 m.

Figure 1c Comparison of bubble buoyancy, pump current, and outlet pressure

The buoyancy force of air bubbles at a depth of 1 m is twice that at a depth of 0.5 m,

F₁ = 2F_0.5. However, the input energy only increases by 11%.

The air pump outlet width is 1 mm, and the air pump outlet pressure is as follows:

F_ɸ0.5 = ρghs = 1 kg/dm³ × 9.8 N/kg × 5 dm × 3.14 × (0.5 × 10^− 2 dm)² = 0.0038 N < < F₀₅.

Air pump outlet pressure: F_Φ1 = ρghs = 1 kg/dm³ × 9.8 N/kg × 10 dm × 3.14 × (0.5×10^− 2 dm)² = 0.0076 N < < F₁. Figure 1c is shown in two segments in purple.

By dissecting the internal structure of the air pump, the actual efficiency is calculated.

Figure 2 is a photo of the nameplate and internal structure of the air pump

According to the air pump index, the water depth of gas transmission can reach 6–7 m.

Figure 2a. An air pump with a 1 mm outlet and sign pictures.

The outlet Φ = 1.0 mm, a DQB380-B2 precision medical air pump was used in the experiment, and the voltage range was 3–5 V. Actual power supply: 3 V. The outlet pressure was 750–400 mmHg, and the nominal flow rate was 1.5–2.5 LPM.

Figure 2b. A picture of a carbon brush on the motor inside the air pump.

The inside of the air pump has a carbon brush,

and the power conversion efficiency η₁ ≈ 0.8.

Figure 2c. Crankshaft drive rubber compression chamber.

The efficiency of the rubber cavity in compressing the air is η₂ ≈ 0.7.

Summarize the calculation method of PQ of actual output power of air pump:

The power consumption of the air pump is P_E × η₁ × η₂ = 0.75 W × 0.8 × 0.7 = 0.42 W.

When the air pump power supply P_E -η₁ × η₂ consumption = output power P_Q, the definition that energy cannot disappear is accurate. More exciting experiments are described below.

After years of hard work, I finally found a clear method for calculating buoyancy power via bubble metering.

Figure 3. Bubble buoyancy measurement experiment with a 4m high pipe

Inflating the bottom of the pipe will cause the water level to rise, and both the viewer and the reader will perceive the pressure as higher and the current will increase. The results were unexpected.

Figure 3a. A photo of the overall experimental setup with a tubing height of 4 m.

The transparent UV tube has an inner diameter of Φ = 1 cm. The top is connected to the measuring cup. The bottom is connected to the air pump and the pressure gauge.

The pipe is filled with 0.314 dm³ water with a blue pigment. Static:

measuring cup water volume v = 0, pressure p = 0.04 MPa, ammeter = 0.

After powering on, 1s-12s change to take pictures.

Figure 3b Power-on 0–12 seconds to take a picture measuring cup pressure current.

Table 1

lists the temporal variation parameters according to Fig. 3b
T	0 s	1s	2s	4s	6s	8s	10s	12s-∝
bubble V: dm³	0	0.02	0.04	0.08	0.12	0.16	0.2	0.24
pressure p: MPa	0.04	0.037	0.032	0.03	0.024	0.018	0.013	0.01
Current : A	0	0.37	0.34	0.33	0.32	0.29	0.25	0.227

Table 1

Calculated according to the time variation parameters in Table 1:

Power-on for 1 s;The electric power of the air pump is P_E1 = 3 V × 0.37 A = 1.1w.

The actual power of the air pump P_Q1 = P_E1 × η1 × η2 = 1.1w × 0.8 × 0.7 = 0.61 w.

The 12 s-∝ value tends to be in a steady state,

and the electric power of the air pump is P_E12=3V × 0.227 A = 0.68w.

The output power of the air pump is P_Q=P_E12 × η₁ × η₂ = 0.68 W × 0.8 × 0.7 = 0.38 W.

Measuring cup of water: v = 0.24 dm³, which equals the total amount of air bubbles in the pipe.

Anastomosis pump displacement: v = 0.02 dm/s × 12 s = 0.24 dm³.

The velocity at which the bubbles float: I = 4 m/12 s = 0.33 m/s.

Energized 1s bubble buoyancy: F₁ = ρvg = 1 kg/dm³ × 0.02 dm³ × 9.8 N/kg = 0.19 N.

Power-on 1s buoyancy power: P_v1= F₁ × I = 0.19 N × 0.33 m/s = 0.064 j/s = 0.064 W.

Energized 12s bubble buoyancy: F₁₂ = ρvg = 1 kg/dm³ × 0.24 dm³ × 9.8 N/kg = 2.3 N.

Power-on 12s buoyancy power: P_v12 = Fv × I = 2.3 N × 0.33 m/s = 0.77 j/s = 0.77 W.

0.77 W ÷ 0.064 W = 12. The buoyancy power of 12s is 12 times that of 1s.

Time: 0-1s-12s-∝The results were obtained by comparing the energy changes

Figure 4. Comparison chart of the energy change of the pipeline in time 0-1s-12s-∝.

(1) The red line is drawn according to the electric power of the 1–12 s-∝air pump P_E1–P_E12 in Fig. 3b.

(2) The yellow line is drawn according to the output power P_Q1–P_Q12 of the 1–12 s-∝ air pump in Fig. 3b.

(3) The blue line is plotted according to the pipe pressure p₀–p₁₂ time range of 0–1-–12 s∝ in Fig. 3b.

(4) The pink line is drawn on the basis of the pipe buoyancy calculation power Pv1–Pv12 time 1-–12 s‒∝.

Comparison results

Shows that when the air pump initially starts, the buoyancy power Pv < the P_Q input power; when the working time t ≥ 8 s, the buoyancy power Pv > the P_Q input power. After t ≥ 12 s, the buoyancy power Pv > the P_E electric power of the air pump, so E_out ≠ E_in. The classic theory that “in an isolated system, the energy is always the same at any time, and energy cannot be multiplied and produced” is proven to be wrong.

Substituting into the law of conservation of energy: △U = Q-W = 0.38 W- 0.77 W= -0.39 W.

Q is the input energy 0.38 W, W is the output buoyancy energy 0.77 W, and △U=-0.39 W, indicating that 0.39 W is the increased energy. Q-W > 0 indicates that energy can be produced and multiplied, which reveals the loophole in the law of conservation of energy, and the increased energy can be converted to heat or electric energy, which could have a wide range of applications. Promote energy freedom and sustainable development, food security.

(1) The condition for generating increased nonconservative energy is as follows:

Fv-F_Φ > 0 (N), i.e., ρgV × 10^− 3 dm – ρgh × π(r10^− 1 dm)² > 0.

(2) Simplified to V-10πr²hdm > 0, and the tube bubble in Fig. 2c is a cylinder, so V = πR² h′dm,

Simplified to: πR²h′dm-10πr²hdm > 0,

Suppose that h′ = h = 1 is the ideal condition; the expression can be simplified to R-3.16r > 0 and R > 3.16r, Leads to an increase in non-conserved energy.

Technical methods can be used to increase R and decrease r, Thus increasing the non-conservation proliferation energy. The buoyancy of the bubbles is turned into power or heat.

The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2200 J/g. In this experiment, the evaporation of water from the air bubbles removed heat, so the error in the direct measurement of heat was large. I used a refrigerant with a latent heat of gasification of 181 J/g, closed the system cycle, and verified the 2-fold proliferation energy of the bubbles, which will be presented in a subsequent paper.

Bubbles generate energy after becoming buoyant. Seventy percent of the Earth’s volcanoes eject bubbles from the depths of the ocean. For example, the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (Barents Sea) releases millions of tons of gas every year³. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune,All gaseous planets have a liquid ocean on their surface⁴, and bubbles thousands of kilometres deep are tumbling out, which generates considerable nonconservative energy, which exposes the errors in classic astrophysics and reveals the truth of the heat source in the universe.

(1) The experimental results show:The outlet pressure of the air pump is a definite value related to the water depth, bubble buoyancy accompanies the increase of floating time, and the buoyancy power of bubbles can be greater than the input power, i.e., E_out>E_in, Leads to an increase in non-conserved energy. thus revealing a loophole in the law of conservation of energy. The findings in this paper have broad applications. Achieve food security.

(2) For the buoyancy propagation energy, H = H′ = 1, v-10πr²h > 0, and R-3.16r > 0; thus, increasing the effective radius R of the bubble and decreasing the outlet radius r of the air pump can increase the nonconservative energy, which could promote the development of a “water buoyancy perpetual motion machine”. The freedom of human use of electricity, heat and energy could be realized, and poverty could be completely eliminated.

(3) This study revealed that the buoyancy energy of the bubbles was generated later. Seventy percent of the Earth’s volcanoes eject bubbles through the ocean. The surface of our gaseous planet has a liquid ocean, and many bubbles float out, which can generate increased nonconservative energy, thus exposing the error of classic astrophysics and revealing the truth of heat in the universe.

All the experimental data are included in the main text of the paper and satisfy the need to repeat the experiments.

All the experimental parts are available on Taobao and Pinduoduo.

Competing interests

There are no author conflicts of interest. I am the patentee and copyright owner: Feng Zhengyi. The international patent PCT/CN2021/114817 was applied for, and the international search report is the only one in the world.

Author contributions

I am the sole author, corresponding author, discoverer, funder, data collector, writer, photographer, and undertaker: Feng Zhengyi.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Nature for the translation, modification and editing of this manuscript, and many

Data availability

The experimental data are real and referential, and the data of nonconservation accretion energy generated by bubble buoyancy are obtained with a larger pipe diameter measuring cup and pipe height. However, ordinary fish tank air pumps on the market have low efficiency and poor duplicate data.

Code availability

All kinds of simulation software are designed according to the law of conservation of energy, and the data code in this paper is directly input into the programming software. There will be program errors. Please ask software experts to buy the copyright of this article and correct the errors of traditional software theory.

Chinese Compulsory Education Textbook, Physics 9th Grade, P28, ISBN 978-7-107-26217-3.
The network includes Baidu Encyclopedia's "Law of Conservation of Energy".
Internet Pick-up Keywords: deep-sea volcanic eruptions.
Internet Collect: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Surface Liquid Ocean.
Searching in Chinese books and on the Internet: The Law of Conservation of Energy, involving several scientists with different contributions to the version, In order to prevent mistakes, only 2 delegates are listed.

In this work, two methods of measurement and scientific calculation are adopted, and the apparent data, such as the bubble volume and floating velocity, are consistent with the calculated data and can be repeated. Archimedes' buoyancy work and Newtonian acceleration calculations are valid, and the conclusion was determined to be true and valid.

There is NO Competing Interest.

XXXXXXXXXXXX231201XXXXXX.docx
Supplementary Data Set 2020-2023-1
202408291533.pdf
XXXXXXXXXXXX.docx
Datareport3Videoofthebubblebuoyancyexperiment.mp4
Experiment Video 2
experimentvideo.mp4
The air pump works with the input bubbles, and the bubbles are arranged and floated to do work video

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Bubble buoyancy produces non-conserved energy multiplication experiments

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

1. Background

2. The buoyancy of bubbles can produce a nonconservative increment

3. Air pump brand structure and efficiency calculation

4. Method validation for measuring the total buoyancy work of bubbles in pipes

5. Compare energy analysis based on time variation

6. Discussion of mathematical expressions for bubble proliferation energy

7. Application prospects

8. Conclusions

9. Disclaimer of liability

Declarations

Competing interests

Author contributions

Acknowledgements

Data availability

Code availability

References

Methods

Additional Declarations

Supplementary Files

Status:

Version 1