1.Aarestrup FM. The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. Phil Trans R Soc B 2015;370(1670):20140085.
2.Tang KL, Caffrey NP, Nóbrega DB, Cork SC, Ronksley PE, Barkema HW, Polachek AJ, Ganshorn H, Sharma N, Kellner JD et al. Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2017;1(8):e316-e327.
3.Casewell M, Friis C, Marco E, McMullin P, Phillips I. The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52(2):159–161.
4.Gadde U, Kim WH, Oh ST, Lillehoj HS. Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017;18(1):26–45.
5.Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008;74(7):2171–2178.
6.Yadav JP, Das SC, Dhaka P, Vijay D, Kumar M, Mukhopadhyay AK, Chowdhury G, Chauhan P, Singh R, Dhama K et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of Clostridium perfringens type A isolates from humans, animals, fish and their environment. Anaerobe 2017;47:120–124.
7.O’Driscoll NH, Cushnie TPT, Matthews KH, Lamb AJ. Colistin causes profound morphological alteration but minimal cytoplasmic membrane perforation in populations of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch Microbiol 2018;200(5):793–802.
8.Dholvitayakhun A, Trachoo N, Narkkong N-a, Cushnie TPT. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of action of the medicinal plant Annona squamosa Linn. Journal of Herbal Medicine 2017;7:31–36.
9.de Souza W, Attias M. New advances in scanning microscopy and its application to study parasitic protozoa. Exp Parasitol 2018;190:10–33.
10.Fultz B, Howe JM: Transmission electron microscopy and diffractometry of materials: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
11.Kasetti RB, Rajasekhar MD, Kondeti VK, Fatima SS, Kumar EGT, Swapna S, Ramesh B, Rao CA. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of methanol: water (4: 1) fraction isolated from aqueous extract of Syzygium alternifolium seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48(4):1078–1084.
12.de Souza AM, de Oliveira CF, de Oliveira VB, Betim FCM, Miguel OG, Miguel MD. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Antimicrobial Activities of Eugenia Species–A Review. Planta Med 2018;84(17):1232–1248.
13.Gaylard A, Kerley GI. Diet of tree hyraxes Dendrohyrax arboreus (Hyracoidea: Procaviidae) in the eastern Cape, South Africa. J Mammal 1997;78(1):213–221.
14.Semenya SS, Maroyi A. Ethnobotanical survey of plants used by Bapedi traditional healers to treat tuberculosis and its opportunistic infections in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 2019;122:401–421.
15.Famuyide IM, Aro AO, Fasina FO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of acetone crude leaf extracts of under-investigated Syzygium and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) species on multidrug resistant porcine diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. BMC Vet Res 2019;15(1):162.
16.Bouhdid S, Abrini J, Zhiri A, Espuny M, Manresa A. Investigation of functional and morphological changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells induced by Origanum compactum essential oil. J Appl Microbiol 2009;106(5):1558–1568.
17.Toné S, Sugimoto K, Tanda K, Suda T, Uehira K, Kanouchi H, Samejima K, Minatogawa Y, Earnshaw WC. Three distinct stages of apoptotic nuclear condensation revealed by time-lapse imaging, biochemical and electron microscopy analysis of cell-free apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2007;313(16):3635–3644.
18.Voget M, Lorenz D, Lieber-Tenorio E, Hauck R, Meyer M, Cieslicki M. Is transmission electron microscopy (TEM) a promising approach for qualitative and quantitative investigations of polymyxin B and miconazole interactions with cellular and subcellular structures of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis? Vet Microbiol 2015;181(3):261–270.
19.Wasfi R, Elkhatib WF, Khairalla AS. Effects of selected Egyptian honeys on the cellular ultrastructure and the gene expression profile of Escherichia coli. PloS one 2016;11(3):e0150984.
20.Wu VC-H, Qiu X, Bushway A, Harper L. Antibacterial effects of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) concentrate on foodborne pathogens. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2008;41(10):1834–1841.
21.El-Maati MFA, Mahgoub SA, Labib SM, Al-Gaby AMA, Ramadan MF. Phenolic extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) with novel antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Eur J Integr Med 2016;8(4):494–504.
22.Shen S, Zhang T, Yuan Y, Lin S, Xu J, Ye H. Effects of cinnamaldehyde on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus membrane. Food Microbiol 2015;47:196–202.
23.Saito ST, Trentin DdS, Macedo AJ, Pungartnik C, Gosmann G, Silveira JdD, Guecheva TN, Henriques JAP, Brendel M. Bioguided fractionation shows Cassia alata extract to inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:Article ID 867103
24.Yang X, Huang E, Yousef AE. Brevibacillin, a cationic lipopeptide that binds to lipoteichoic acid and subsequently disrupts cytoplasmic membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Res 2017;195:18–23.
25.Shai LJ, McGaw LJ, Aderogba MA, Mdee LK, Eloff JN. Four pentacyclic triterpenoids with antifungal and antibacterial activity from Curtisia dentata (Burm.f) C. A. Sm. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;119(2):238–244.
26.Chung PY, Navaratnam P, Chung LY. Synergistic antimicrobial activity between pentacyclic triterpenoids and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2011;10(1):25.
27.Kotzé M, Eloff JN, Houghton PJ. Extraction of antibacterial compounds from Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae). S Afr J Bot 2002;68(1):62–67.
28.Eloff JN. Antibacterial activity of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro) (Anacardiaceae) bark and leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76(3):305–308.
29.Van der Merwe CF, Peacock J: In: 1999: Enhancing conductivity of biological material for SEM. Microscopy Society of southern Africa: 38th Conference Proceedings, Bloemfontein, South Africa, p. 24; 1999.
30.Yadav AK, Saraswat S, Sirohi P, Rani M, Srivastava S, Singh MP, Singh NK. Antimicrobial action of methanolic seed extracts of Syzygium cumini Linn. on Bacillus subtilis. AMB Express 2017;7(1):196.