Synthesis and Application of Magnetic@Layered Double Hydroxide Multicore-Shell Nanostructure as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Nanocarrier

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-52764/v1

Download PDF

Research

Synthesis and Application of Magnetic@Layered Double Hydroxide Multicore-Shell Nanostructure as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Nanocarrier

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-52764/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Journal Publication

published 29 Oct, 2020

Read the published version in Journal of Nanobiotechnology →

You are reading this older preprint version

Read the latest preprint version →

Background: magnetic nanocomposites with a core-shell nanostructure has huge applications in different sciences especially in the release of the drugs, because of their exclusive physical and chemical properties. In this research, magnetic@layered double hydroxide multicore@shell nanostructure was synthesized by the facile experimentand is used as novel drug nanocarrier.

Methods: Magnetic nanospheres were synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal route, and in following, layered double hydroxide nanoflakes were prepared on the magnetic nanospheres by coprecipitation experiment. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, VSM and TEM, respectively. After intercalation with Ibuprofen and Diclofenac as the anti-inflammatory drugs by using exchange anion experiment, the basal spacing of synthesized layered double hydroxides were compared with brucite nanosheets from 0.48 nm to 2.62 nm and 2.22 nm, respectively.

Results: The results indicated Ibuprofen and Diclofenac were successfully intercalated into the interlay space of LDHs by bridging bidentate interaction. Besides, in vitro drug release experiments in pH 7.4, Phosphate-buffered saline (abbreviated PBS) showed the constant release profiles with Ibuprofen and diclofenac as model drugs with different lipophilicity and water solubility and size and steric effect.

Conclusions: The Fe3O4@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe3O4@LDH-diclofenac had the advantage of the strong interaction between the carboxyl groups with higher trivalent cations by bridging bidentate, clarity and high thermal stability. We confirm, which Fe3O4@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure will have potential application for constant drug delivery.

Nanoscience

Layered double hydroxide

Nanostructure

Iron oxide nanoparticle

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Drug delivery

In recent years, magnetic nanocomposites with a core-shell nanostructure have attracted increasing attention because of their exclusive physical and chemical properties and huge possible applications in different areas such as extraction, the release of the drug, medicine, mechanical and etc ^[1–4]. Up till now, several performance-particulars with high surface shells have been prepared on the iron oxide nanospheres, significantly growing the magnetic core@shell nanostructure area ^[5–7]. Inorganic nanomaterials are commonly used because of their low cost, high surface area, easy availability and ease to prepare. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), recognized as anionic clays or brucite-like compounds, are two important sub-classes of ionic layered materials. LDHs are represented with the general formula of [M(II)_1−xM(III)_x·(OH)₂]^x+ [Aⁿ⁻]_x/n.mH₂O, where M²⁺ and M³⁺ are respectively di- and trivalent metal cations, and A is n-valent interlayer guest anion. The primary constituents of LDHs are the charged layers that provide diverse chemical compounds with versatile usability, for example, biocompatibility, adsorption, intercalation and ion exchange ^[8–10]. These are the basis of LDHs diverse technology applications in a variety of fields including medicine, polymer industries, electrochemistry, food, catalysis, drug delivery separation and more. In opposition to the previous drug delivery systems, which show low circulation stability, poor bioavailability, and drug degradation; LDH as exquisite drug nano-carriers are comparatively economical with little toxicity for the cells. Moreover, easy of production, and large capacity for affective drug transportation; make them as an ideal nano-carreirs ^[9]. Additionally, the achievements of previous studies in this scope have encouraged us to used LDH nanostructures, as a suitable drug carrier. LDHs are also guards the cargo from environmental modifications and degradation. In addition, they enhance the loading capacity, stability, and penetration aptitude of the cargoes ^{[10, 11]}. Some of studies indicated that, LDHs are simply aggregated in a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) that decreases the number of properly sized of LDHs available for internalization and improve the efficiency of delivery ^[11].

In order to pass from the current drawbacks, designing and synthesis of anti-aggregation componds like nanostructure that utilize the porosity and high surface is a instant demand. The nanostructures should propose restricted control on the morphology, pore architectures, surface area, and particles size that strongly explain the practical performances. Importantly, LDHs carry magnesium and aluminum to display antacid and antipepsin function; therefore, LDH is identified as a fully biocompatible combination. According to the above details, in this research, Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure was synthesized by the facile experimentand is used as new drug nanocarrier. the carriers were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, TEM, VSM and SEM inorder to display chemical structure and morphology.

Materials and Reagents

Iron (III) chloride, Ethylene glycol, Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Ammonium acetate, Aluminum Nitrate nonahydrate, and all solvents were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich or Merck companies.

Synthesis of the uniform size Fe₃O₄ Nanospheres

8 mmol Iron (III) chloride was dissolved in ethylene glycol (45 mL), next, 45 mmol of ammonium acetate was added under rapid stirring. Afterward, the resulting mixture was solvothermal treated at 190 ^oC for 8 h, before the powder was collected via centrifugation, followed by washing and finally was dried at 70 ^oC overnight.

In-situ Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

The experimental procedure for the preparation of layered double hydroxide nanoflake on Fe₃O₄ was similar to that described in the literature. Briefly, 0.3 g of the synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were spread into 200 ml of water and methanol (1:1) under ultrasonically agitating for 20 minutes to achive a homogenious suspension. Next, a 200 ml solution made of 2.6 g of sodium carbonate and 3.2 g sodium hydroxide in water and methanol solution (1:1) was added into the solution till pH = 10. Formerly, a further 200 ml water and methanol solution (1:1) containing 2.25 g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and 2.6 g magnesium nitrate hexahydrate was added to the prepared suspension by controlling and maintaining pH in 10 by the addition of an alkaline solution in the same time. The gained semiliquid mixture was aged at 70 ^oC for overnight. The product was isolated using an external magnet and the precipitate was rinsed three times with water and ethanol and then was dried in an oven at 70° C for 12 hours. In Fig. 1 has been showed the schematic of the synthesis of Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure. Finally, to load each drug, 3 g of synthesized-nanostructure was immersed in 100 ml distilled water containing 3 g of the desired drug (Ibuprofen and Diclofenac) and 1 g of potassium hydroxide with pH control at 9 at room temperature for 24 h.

Drug Release from drug-containing Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

The Drug-Containing Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructures (0.2 g) was blended with 100 mL of PBS in 120 rpm, pH 7.4, and at 37 ^oC. About 5 mL of solution was disposed and immediately changed with an equal volume of fresh PBS at the same time intervals for keeping the volume constant. The uninvolved solution was centrifuged to remove the Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructures and correctly diluted before the measurement of ibuprofen and Diclofenac released absorbance via UV–vis spectrophotometer at 264 nm and 276 nm, respectively; the amount released was calculated from a standard curve.

Characterization

FT-IR spectra of the materials were write down over the range of 400–4000 cm^− 1 regions using a Bruker Tensor 27 series FT-IR spectrometer. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples were recorded in the range of 2^o-70^o on a Siemens D5000 X-ray Diffractometer, using CuKα radiation (λ = 1.5418 A^o) at 30 kV and 30 mA. The morphology of the speciments nanomaterial was observed using the SEM (MIRA3-TESCAN) and transmission electron microscope (Philips CM30). The rate of the absorbance of the drugs was measured by UV–vis spectroscopy (UV-1700 Pharma Spec, Shimadzu).

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity assays

The gram positive bacterium “Bacillus cereus strain ATCC11778^T” and the gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli strain O157^T and Klebsiella pneumonia PTCC10031^T were chosenas the human pathogenic microorganisms for antibacterial activity test‎. About 250 µg mL-1‎ of Fe3O4@LDH was added in 6 cm wells in the Mueller Hinton Agar plates. Then 0.5 McFarland standard (10⁸ cfu/ml) of the bacteria suspensions was prepared by dilution in Mueller Hinton Broth and slightly spreaded on the pletes.‎ The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. ‎Methanol solvent (100 µg mlG) was used as ‎negative control. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was ‎measured and calculated ^[12].‎

Furthermore, MTT assays were performed to measure cell viability in the presence of the nanoparticles. ; an immortalized mouse myoblast cells (C2C12 cells ) were seeded at a density of 0.5ˣ10⁴ cells per well in 200 mL dulbecco's modified eagle (DMEM) medium + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)‎ with two different concentrations (0.001, 0.005 gr) of Fe3O4@LDH in 96 well plates. After incubation for 48 h, the media was replaced with fresh culture media containing MTT solution (0.5 mg/mL), and the cells were incubated for an additional 4 h at 37 °C. The absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a spectrophotometric microplate reader (Biotek, EL x800.) ^[13]. The cells without nanoparticles were seeded as a positive control, and DMSO treated cells were tested as a negative control. One-way ANOVA by graphpad prism ± S.E.M. P-value < 0.05 was used for data analysing ^[14].

The Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure was synthesized in two-step: firstly, magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal and Ostwald ripening method and next, layered double hydroxide nanoflakes prepared on the magnetic nanoparticles by in-situ coprecipitation method and used as the new nanocarrier. In this research, we used ethylene glycol for three reasons: solvent, reduction agent of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺, synthesized nanoparticle with the monodisperse size of nanoparticles ^[15].

Characterization of synthesized nanomaterials

Figure 2 has been confirmed and demonstrated of surface morphologies and also the determination of particle sizes of (a) Fe₃O₄ nanospheres (b) Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure and (c) Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen. Figure 2a and Fig. 2b obviously display the Monodispersed structure Fe₃O₄ nanospheres and Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure. The diameter of the Fe₃O₄ nanospheres is determined 80–130 nm, and the thickness of the LDH nanoflakes shell is about 70–110 nm. Furthermore, as it is shown in Fig. 2c, the Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen, for instance, has a similar structure, even after loading of drug into the LDH layer structure.

The TEM was used to prove the core-shell structures and to show the porous and multicore nanoparticles created by the Ostwald ripening method, as well as to calculate their size. With regard to Fig. (3a) Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure and (3b) Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen, as the drug-loading nanostructure, the multicore, and core-shell structure are fully visible.

The Fourier transform infrared spectra of (a) Fe₃O₄ nanospheres (b) Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure (c) Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen and (d) Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac are shown in Fig. 4. The FT-IR spectrum of Fe₃O₄ Nanospheres(Fig. 4a), two highest peaks linked to metal-oxygen bonds were shown. The first band detected in the range 385–540 cm^− 1, is normally apportioned to octahedral–metal stretching, whereas the highest one detected in the range 500–600 cm^− 1 is consistent with basic stretching vibrations of the metal at the tetrahedral site. The higher frequency band at 574 cm^− 1 and lower frequency band at 448 cm^− 1are assigned to the tetrahedral and octahedral, respectively. Additionally, the peak at ~ 3360 cm^− 1 is attributed to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl that is allocated to hydroxyl absorbed by magnetic nanospheres and the existence of water is evidenced by the appearance of the bending mode at 1645 cm^− 1 and the stretching mode at 3476 cm^− 1. In Fig. 4c and 4d, compared with the spectrum of Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure with Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac there are particular similar peaks in their spectra. The principal peaks were between 2800 and 3000 cm^− 1 due to the alkyl stretching of drugs, especially in ibuprofen due to the existence of many methyl groups in its structure than diclofenac. And also two peaks appeared at approximately 1421 and 1576 cm^− 1 that were recognized to the symmetric and asymmetric stretch of the carboxyl group, respectively. The interaction between the metal atom and the carboxylate groups was classified as three types: monodentate, bridging and chelating ^{[16, 17]}, which the major difference (200–320 cm^− 1) was related to the monodentate interaction and the lowest difference (< 110 cm^− 1) was for the chelating bidentate. The medium-range difference (140–190 cm^− 1) was for the bridging bidentate. In this research, the Δ (1576– 1421 = 155 cm^− 1) was ascribed bridging bidentate. Moreover, the peaks at 1440 and 1519 cm^− 1 are related to C–C stretching vibration in benzene rings. These outcomes provided subsequent assistance that ibuprofen and diclofenac have been loaded into the layered double hydroxide nanoflakes in the anionic form.

The XRD patterns of the Fe₃O₄ nanospheres (5a) in the 2θ range of 2–70° is shown in Fig. 5. Besides, with loading the drugs, the regenerated matrix indicates representative diffraction peaks of the LDH-drugs representing two sharp basal reflections that were indexed (003) and (006) reflections agree to the well-crystallized lamellar construction in synthesized nanocarrier with 3R rhombic proportion. The important diffraction peaks of Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen (5b) and Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac (5c) are achieved at 2θ value of 7.6° and 7.8°. The d₀₀₃ spacing of Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac were found to be 2.62 nm and 2.22 nm, respectively.

The magnetic properties of magnetic nanospheres (Fig. 6a) and Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure (Fig. 6b) were specify using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic saturation values of the magnetic nanospheres and Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure were 59 and 32 emu g^− 1, respectively. After the LDH shell packing of Fe₃O₄ (curve (b)), the saturated magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure decreases because of the shield of the LDH nanoflakes.

In this study, inhibition zones for the two pathogen bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia PTCC10031^T ‎and Bacillus cereus ATCC11778^T (Fig. 7) were obsoreved in the presence of the nanoparticles. This results indicated that the nanoparticle can be a good candidate as an antimicrobial particle.‎ Most of nanoparticles and nanostructures with different mechanisms such as destruction of bacterial membranes, inhibition of biofilm formation, or other multiple mechanisms exert their antibacterial properties ^[18].

MTT assay analysis showed that Fe3O4@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure in 0.001 g concentration had ‎ a less negative effect on C2C12 cells as upon 90% of the cells treated viable in comparison to the control group (Fig. 8). Also, we did not observe any valuable difference ‎between 0.001 and 0.005 g concentrations of Fe3O4@LDH on cell viability. However, we ‎observed that in the presence of the high concentration of the nanostructure (0.05 and 0.01 g) the viability of about 20%-30% of cells are decreased.

UV-Vis spectrum of ibuprofen and diclofenac release assay

Drug release is specified as the speed of mass transport from a solid phase into the broth media under normal conditions. The major phase in drug delivery is an interaction between the drug carrier and PBS (pH = 7.4) that happen at the interface of carrier and buffer solution and absorption was measured via UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in specified intervals. According to Fig. 9, Drug release was determined at intervals between 15 min and 72 h in the wavelength of 264 nm for ibuprofen and wavelength of 276 nm for diclofenac. Both Drug releases were gently increasing between 15 min to 6 h interval and concentration of drug was fixed between 6 h to 72 h interval. The release rate of ibuprofen was 90% within 24 hours, 94% in 48 hours and 96% in 72 hours. The values for diclofenac in 24 hours 78%, within 48 hours of 81% in 72 hours and 82%, respectively, indicating the release of less diclofenac than ibuprofen per unit of time. This can be due to lower solubility in water ^[19], highly lipophilicity ^[20] of diclofenac as well as small size and more sterile effect of diclofenac compared to ibuprofen ^[21] that is not able to release easily between layers. Comparing to the old and industrial methods, drug loading between LDH layers lead to the different release rate of drug and enhance the solubility of the drug and also, reduce a side effect of it.

In this research, Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure was synthesized by the coprecipitation experiment and used as the new drug nanocarrier. Ibuprofen and diclofenac have been selected as the model drugs, being intercalated between LDH nanoflakes to synthesis Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac. Characterization of the synthesized-nanocarrier has been achieved using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, VSM and TEM for displaying chemical structure and morphology. The Fe₃O₄@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe₃O₄@LDH-diclofenac were tested for the controlled release of Ibuprofen and diclofenac under conditions gastrointestinal tract, pH 7.4 (PBS). The above nanostructures also had the advantage of the strong interaction between the carboxyl groups with higher trivalent cations by bridging bidentate, clarity and high thermal stability. We confirm, which Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure will have potential application for constant drug delivery.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.‎

Authors’ contributions

VY and AD designed the study and performed the vitro experiments; VT carried out the biological experiments, VY, VT, SE and AD supervised the whole work and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported byDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.‎

Availability of data and materials

All data used to generate these results is available in the main text.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.‎

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Lauhon LJ, Gudiksen MS, Wang D, Lieber CM. Epitaxial core–shell and core–multishell nanowire heterostructures. Nature. 2002;420(6911):57-61.
Fischer S, Mehlenbacher RD, Lay A, Siefe C, Alivisatos AP, Dionne JA. Small alkaline-earth-based core/shell nanoparticles for efficient upconversion. Nano letters. 2019;19(6):3878-85.
Yavuz E, Tokalıoğlu Ş, Patat Ş. Core–shell Fe3O4 polydopamine nanoparticles as sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction of copper from food samples. Food chemistry. 2018;263:232-9.
Foroutani R, Yousefi V, Kangari S. Synthesis of polyaniline-magnetite hollow nanocomposite as a novel fiber coating for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes from water samples. Analytical Methods. 2015;7(12):5318-24.
Gu P, Zhang S, Li X, Wang X, Wen T, Jehan R, et al. Recent advances in layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solution. Environmental pollution. 2018;240:493-505.
Jiang H, Liu Y, Luo W, Wang Y, Tang X, Dou W, et al. A resumable two-photon fluorescent probe for Cu2+ and S2− based on magnetic silica core-shell Fe3O4@ SiO2 nanoparticles and its application in bioimaging. Analytica chimica acta. 2018;1014:91-9.
Wang X, Pan F, Xiang Z, Zeng Q, Pei K, Che R, et al. Magnetic vortex core-shell Fe3O4@ C nanorings with enhanced microwave absorption performance. Carbon. 2020;157:130-9.
Zhang J, Li Z, Chen Y, Gao S, Lou XW. Nickel–iron layered double hydroxide hollow polyhedrons as a superior sulfur host for lithium–sulfur batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018;57(34):10944-8.
Yazdani P, Mansouri E, Eyvazi S, Yousefi V, Kahroba H, Hejazi MS, et al. Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as an appealing nanoparticle in gene/plasmid and drug delivery system in C2C12 myoblast cells. Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019;47(1):436-42.
Xiang Y, Xiang Y, Jiao Y, Wang L. Surfactant-modified magnetic CaFe-layered double hydroxide for improving enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production of Artemisia ordosica. Renewable energy. 2019;138:465-73.
Mohanty DP, Palve YP, Sahoo D, Nayak P. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for controlled release of anticancer drug curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences. 2012;1(4):52-62.
Tarhriz V, Eyvazi S, Shakeri E, Hejazi MS, Dilmaghani A. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Novel Freshwater Bacterium Tabrizicola aquatica as a Prominent Natural Antibiotic Available in Qurugol Lake. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;26(1):88-92.
Tarhriz V, Eyvazi S, Musavi M, Abasi M, Sharifi K, Ghanbarian H, et al. Transient induction of Cdk9 in the early stage of differentiation is critical for myogenesis. Journal of cellular biochemistry. 2019;120(11):18854-61.
Mansouri E, Tarhriz V, Yousefi V, Dilmaghani A. Intercalation and release of an anti-inflammatory drug into designed three-dimensionally layered double hydroxide nanostructure via calcination–reconstruction route. Adsorption. 2020:1-8.
Huang W, Wang Y, Wei S, Wang B, Liang Y, Huang Y, et al. Effect of Reaction Time on Microwave Absorption Properties of Fe3O4 Hollow Spheres Synthesized via Ostwald Ripening. Materials. 2019;12(18):2921.
Karaoğlu E, Baykal A, Şenel M, Sözeri H, Toprak MS. Synthesis and characterization of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a magnetic catalyst for Knoevenagel reaction. Materials Research Bulletin. 2012;47(9):2480-6.
Ozel F, Kockar H, Beyaz S, Karaagac O, Tanrisever T. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: effect of iron oleate precursors obtained with a simple way. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2013;24(8):3073-80.
Wang L, Hu C, Shao L. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future. International journal of nanomedicine. 2017;12:1227.
Madikizela LM, Chimuka L. Simultaneous determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in wastewater using solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography. Water Sa. 2017;43(2):264-74.
Czyrski A. Determination of the lipophilicity of ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen with thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chemistry. 2019;2019.
Bhadra BN, Ahmed I, Kim S, Jhung SH. Adsorptive removal of ibuprofen and diclofenac from water using metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2017;314:50-8.

Download PDF

Journal Publication

published 29 Oct, 2020

Read the published version in Journal of Nanobiotechnology →

Editorial decision: Major revision
01 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed at journal
24 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received at journal
22 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received at journal
22 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited by journal
20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed at journal
20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed at journal
20 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned by journal
09 Aug, 2020
Submission checks completed at journal
08 Aug, 2020
Editor invited by journal
08 Aug, 2020
First submitted to journal
07 Aug, 2020

You are reading this older preprint version

Read the latest preprint version →

Synthesis and Application of Magnetic@Layered Double Hydroxide Multicore-Shell Nanostructure as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Nanocarrier

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Background

Materials And Methods

Materials and Reagents

Synthesis of the uniform size Fe₃O₄ Nanospheres

In-situ Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

Drug Release from drug-containing Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

Characterization

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity assays

Results And Discussion

Characterization of synthesized nanomaterials

UV-Vis spectrum of ibuprofen and diclofenac release assay

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1

Synthesis and Application of Magnetic@Layered Double Hydroxide Multicore-Shell Nanostructure as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Nanocarrier

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Background

Materials And Methods

Materials and Reagents

Synthesis of the uniform size Fe3O4 Nanospheres

In-situ Synthesis of Fe3O4@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

Drug Release from drug-containing Fe3O4@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

Characterization

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity assays

Results And Discussion

Characterization of synthesized nanomaterials

UV-Vis spectrum of ibuprofen and diclofenac release assay

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1

Synthesis of the uniform size Fe₃O₄ Nanospheres

In-situ Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure

Drug Release from drug-containing Fe₃O₄@LDH multicore@shell nanostructure