Hydrodynamic Performance of a Multi-Cylinder LiDAR Buoy Prototype for Wind Assessment

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5280506/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Hydrodynamic Performance of a Multi-Cylinder LiDAR Buoy Prototype for Wind Assessment

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5280506/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

You are reading this latest preprint version

This paper introduces an innovative multi-cylinder LiDAR buoy prototype, designed to overcome the limitations of traditional wind towers in the realm of deep-sea wind energy assessment. Through rigorous physical model experiments, we have investigated the hydrodynamics of this novel buoy under various wave conditions, including free decay in calm water, regular wave exposure, and irregular wave simulations. Our analysis reveals that the multi-cylinder buoy's natural frequency effectively evades resonance with primary wave frequencies, offering a significant advancement in technology. In regular wave tests, the buoy showed minimal motion, highlighting the impact of wave height on its dynamic behavior. In irregular wave tests, a pronounced response peak was observed near the natural frequency, yet the overall motion amplitude remained low, indicating excellent wave resistance. Comparatively, the multi-cylinder buoy demonstrated a lower motion response and superior stability than traditional single-cylinder buoys. This study not only facilitates the development and deployment of multi-cylinder buoys but also lays the groundwork for future hydrodynamic performance studies through numerical simulations, enriching the scientific understanding of buoyancy technology in wind energy applications.

LiDAR Buoy

Wind Energy Assessment

Buoy Design

Hydrodynamic Performance

Marine buoys serve as critical facilities for ocean monitoring, providing continuous and real-time environmental data essential for real-time ocean environment monitoring, data collection, meteorological forecasting, resource development, and environmental protection (Wang et al. 2019). With technological advancements, marine buoys are evolving towards integrating more functions and enhancing data accuracy and stability. The stability of buoys and the accuracy of data collection in extreme ocean conditions are increasingly demanded (Wang et al. 2023). Consequently, the design and research of novel buoys have become focal points in the field of marine technology.The development of deep offshore wind power resources is a current research hotspot. The development of offshore wind power requires precise evaluation of the wind energy resources in the sea area. Traditional wind towers are difficult and costly to build in the deep ocean, and new LiDAR wind buoys have emerged as an alternative.

Traditional marine buoys predominantly encompass disk-shaped, cylindrical, boat-shaped, and spherical forms, primarily utilized for monitoring hydrological and meteorological parameters. Leveraging the unique advantages of marine buoys, numerous scholars have developed a variety of innovative designs. Ding et al. (Ding et al. 2005) introduced a novel multifunctional marine buoy with shortwave radio remote control and data transmission capabilities. This buoy can support multiple external sensors, features a small waterline structure, and exhibits good adaptability and stability in diverse sea conditions. Jiang et al. (Jiang et al. 2017) analyzed the design of a new wave-piercing buoy. This buoy employs six intermediate floats and a heave plate at the end of the tail float. Utilizing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material, they investigated its hydrodynamic performance through frequency domain analysis. Liang et al. (Liang et al. 2023) developed a novel GNSS buoy designed specifically for measuring sea surface height and tide levels. The design considered stability and hydrodynamic characteristics, optimized through numerical models and hydrodynamic calculations. Liu (Liu et al. 2022) and Lian et al. (Lian et al. 2024) developed an internal solitary wave monitoring buoy and studied the impact of the buoy’s roll and pitch on the effectiveness of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) observations. Graber et al. (Graber et al. 2000) designed a new air-sea interaction Spar buoy (ASIS) capable of maintaining stability and measurement accuracy under various sea conditions. With the emergence of offshore wind farms, LiDAR wind measurement buoys have been developed accordingly (Viselli et al. 2019; Xue et al. 2018). Dou et al. (2016) studied the structural selection of new floating LiDAR wind measurement buoys and proposed four design schemes. Stability calculations and frequency domain response analyses indicated that the trimaran structure offers superior comprehensive performance. Liu et al. (Liu et al. 2021) proposed a new LiDAR wind measurement buoy and conducted offshore tests. The results demonstrated that the measurements from the LiDAR wind measurement buoy closely aligned with those obtained from larger buoys. The hydrodynamic characteristics of buoys are crucial for their stability and reliability, typically studied through theoretical calculations (Leonard et al. 2000), numerical simulations (Li et al. 2022), physical model tests (Li et al. 2018), and field tests (Liu et al. 2021). Wang et al. ( 2019) thoroughly studied the motion response of buoys with inertial pendulum power generation devices under wave action through theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Their research demonstrated that the seven-degree-of-freedom (7 DOF) motion equations derived theoretically align well with experimental results, confirming the equations' accuracy. Guo et al. ( 2021) utilized ANSYS/AQWA software to perform numerical studies on the motion response characteristics of a novel LiDAR buoy system, investigating the impacts of draft depth and shape parameters on its motion response. Amaechi et al. ( 2022) studied the motion response and interactions with waves and currents of Catenary Anchor Leg Moorings (CALM) buoys with various geometries and sizes through numerical simulations and experimental validation. They discovered that skirt designs could reduce the pitch angle of buoys in waves, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy and minimizing motion errors induced by wave action. Hegde et al. ( 2023, 2023 ) investigated the impact of various heave plate configurations on the damping and motion response of buoys. Their research indicated that heave plates near the free surface significantly reduce motion response, and buoy motion response decreases with increasing heave plate diameter. Ma et al. (2016) studied the subharmonic response of buoy motion through theoretical analysis, experiments, and numerical simulations. Capobianco et al. (2016) examined the wave measurement capabilities of buoys of various sizes, discovering that buoys with medium diameter (0.75D) and draft (0.94L) perform best in wave measurement. Zhang et al. (2023) investigated the hydrodynamic characteristics of a novel columnar environmental monitoring buoy in aquaculture areas under wave action through physical model tests and numerical simulations. Their results showed that the bottom weight is key to enhancing the stability of columnar buoys, effectively improving their wind and wave resistance and environmental monitoring accuracy. Lu et al. (2022) conducted experimental analyses on the hydrodynamic performance of buoys subjected to combined wind and wave action using various mooring systems. Their studies demonstrated that semi-tensioned mooring systems perform best for fixed-point observations but require high reliability, making them suitable for situations demanding high observation accuracy.

In conclusion, previous studies have predominantly focused on the design and hydrodynamic properties of single-cylinder buoys. In recent years, multi-cylinder structural designs have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing buoy performance. By increasing the number and distribution of floating bodies, multi-cylinder buoys improve overall stability and reduce interference. This design effectively mitigates the impact of waves and ocean currents on the buoy, thereby enhancing the continuity and reliability of data acquisition. Although some studies have preliminarily explored the hydrodynamic characteristics of multi-cylinder buoys, most existing research has concentrated on theoretical analysis and numerical simulations (Dou et al. 2016; Xue et al. 2018), with a notable lack of systematic hydrodynamic test studies. The complexity of the multi-cylinder structure presents new challenges for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of buoys. This paper focuses on the new multi-cylinder buoy designed in reference (Liu et al. 2021) and investigates its hydrodynamic characteristics under wave action using physical model tests. On one hand, the study provides statistical analysis of the buoy's dynamic response to wave action, and on the other hand, it validates the results of numerical simulations. The complexity and variability of the actual marine environment necessitate that buoy design be based on extensive experimental validation. Therefore, conducting hydrodynamic test research on new multi-cylinder buoys is of great significance for advancing buoy technology and enhancing ocean monitoring capabilities.

2.1 Experimental tank

This experiment was conducted in the wave tank at the School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, South China University of Technology. The wave tank measures 32 meters in length, 18 meters in width, and 1 meter in depth. A wave generator is installed at one end of the tank, employing a push-plate mechanism to produce both regular long waves and irregular waves. A wave absorber is situated at the opposite end. The physical setup of the wave tank and the wave generation system is shown in Fig. 1.

2.2. Experimental Model and Setup

2.2.1 Experimental model

Table 1 presents the primary parameters of the experimental model. Considering various factors such as actual sea conditions, experimental materials, the water depth of the test tank, wave generation capabilities, and instrument range, a scale ratio of 1:5 was chosen for the physical model experiment. Figure 2 provides a photograph of the actual buoy model.

Table 1. The main parameters of experimental model

Parameter	Design Value	Model Value
Diameter of Central Buoy (m)	1.5	0.3
Diameter of Sub Buoy (m)	1.0	0.2
Distribution Diameter of Sub Buoy (m)	3.0	0.6
Height (m)	1.0	0.2
Weight (kg)	3200	25.6
Center of Gravity (m)	0.298	0.0596
Draft (m)	0.5	0.1
Moment of Inertia Ixx (kg·m²)	5325.09	1.70
Moment of Inertia Iyy (kg·m²)	5322.91	1.70
Moment of Inertia Izz (kg·m²)	5003.35	1.60

2.2.2. Test arrangement

The overall setup of the buoy model experiment is shown in Fig. 3. The buoy model is located in the stable region at the center of the wave tank. A wave height gauge is set at 8m in front of the model.

2.3 Experimental content

2.3.1 Free delay experiment

Through the still water free attenuation experiment, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the new buoy in the roll, pitch, and heave directions were obtained, along with the free decay curves, natural periods, and viscous damping coefficients.

2.3.2 Regular wave test

In the regular wave experiment of the buoy physical model, two experimental wave heights of 10cm and 15cm are selected, and the experiment wave period ranges from 1.0s to 2.8s. The combination list of the period and wave height of the regular wave is shown in Table 2. Regular wave R15-9 (wave height 15cm, period 2.6s) The experiment parameter setting and the experiment interface are shown in Fig. 4.

Table 2

Regular Wave Experiment Conditions
No.	Experiment Wave Height (cm)	Target Wave Height (cm)	Experiment Period	Target Period
R10-1	10	50	1.0	2.2
R10-2	10	50	1.1	2.5
R10-3	10	50	1.2	2.7
R10-4	10	50	1.4	3.1
R10-5	10	50	1.6	3.6
R10-6	10	50	1.8	4.0
R10-7	10	50	2	4.5
R10-8	10	50	2.2	4.9
R10-9	10	50	2.4	5.4
R10-10	10	50	2.6	5.8
R10-11	10	50	2.8	6.3
R15-1	15	75	1.0	2.2
R15-2	15	75	1.2	2.7
R15-3	15	75	1.4	3.1
R15-4	15	75	1.6	3.6
R15-5	15	75	1.8	4.0
R15-6	15	75	2	4.5
R15-7	15	75	2.2	4.9
R15-8	15	75	2.4	5.4
R15-9	15	75	2.6	5.8
R15-10	15	75	2.8	6.3

2.3.3 Irregular wave test

According to the wave characteristics of the South China Sea, the irregular wave experiment uses JONSWAP spectrum form, experiment interface is shown in Fig. 5, and the list of test conditions is shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Irregular Wave Experiment Conditions
No.	Experiment Wave Height (cm)	Target Wave Height (cm)	Experiment Period	Target Period
IR10-1	10	50	2.0	4.5
IR15-1	15	75	2.0	4.5
IR15-2	15	75	2.2	4.9
IR15-3	15	75	2.4	5.4

3.1 Hydrostatic water decay experiment

3.1.1 Analysis of the results of the hydrostatic free decay experiment

Through the free decay experiment of the buoy model under static water conditions, the free decay curves for roll, pitch, and heave directions are presented in Figs. 6 to 8. The intrinsic periods and damping coefficients of the buoy model are detailed in Table 7. The results indicate that the intrinsic periods of the buoy model are 1.1 seconds for both the roll and pitch directions, and 1.5 seconds for the heave direction. After conversion, the intrinsic periods are 2.46 seconds and 2.91 seconds, respectively. The relatively short intrinsic periods of the buoy, compared to conventional large oil platforms, are primarily due to its lower weight. The primary wave periods in the South China Sea range from 6 to 8 seconds, with extreme sea conditions extending to approximately 15 seconds. Therefore, the intrinsic period of the buoy platform is significantly different from the main wave periods in the South China Sea, thereby avoiding resonance phenomena.

Table 4

Intrinsic period and damping ratio of buoy models
Motion	Model Intrinsic Period (s)	Actual Intrinsic Period (s)	Damping Ratio
Roll	1.1	2.46	0.153
Pitch	1.1	2.46	0.153
Heave	1.3	2.91	0.414

3.2 Rule-wave test

As shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) for pitch and heave motions are illustrated. The figures reveal that the pitch motion response of the buoy initially increases and then decreases as the wave period increases, reaching a peak near the intrinsic period. Regarding the heave direction RAO, it initially increases with the wave period and then oscillates around a value of 1.

Wave height and wave period are two critical factors influencing the motion response of buoys. Figures 11 and 12 present the statistical extremes of pitch and heave motions of the buoy under different wave periods for wave heights of 10 cm and 15 cm. It can be concluded that wave height significantly affects the pitch and heave motions of the buoy; the greater the wave height, the larger the motion response extremes. This is because as wave height increases, more wave energy is transferred to the buoy platform. The influence of the wave period on pitch shows an initial increase followed by a decrease, with a peak near the intrinsic period. In contrast, heave motion initially decreases and then stabilizes as the wave period increases.

3.3 Irregular wave experiment

Under the conditions of irregular waves IR10-1 to IR15-3, the time history curves of the buoy's pitch motion response are shown in Fig. 13, and the corresponding energy spectrum analysis is presented in Fig. 14. The statistical extremes and standard deviations of the pitch response are detailed in Table 5. It can be seen that the buoy exhibits the largest extreme response under condition IR15-1, reaching 11.2°. This is likely due to the wave period being close to the buoy's intrinsic period and the relatively large wave height. The corresponding response spectrum also shows a significant peak near the intrinsic period. Additionally, a smaller peak appears in the low-frequency region, which may be attributed to the coupling effects of motion in other directions.

Table 5

Statistics of pitch motion under irregular wave
Condition	Pitch Motion Extreme (°)	Pitch Motion Standard Deviation (°)
IR10-1	8.86	1.91
IR15-1	11.2	3.08
IR15-2	2.28	0.73
IR15-3	2.56	0.88

To investigate and analyze the response characteristics of buoy heave motion under irregular wave conditions, the time history curves of the buoy's heave response under different working conditions are presented in Fig. 15. Additionally, the frequency domain response spectrum of these time history curves is further analyzed, as shown in Fig. 16. The results depicted in the figures are all derived from model experiments. The corresponding heave response extremes and mean-variance statistics are listed in Table 6. It is evident that higher wave heights induce more pronounced heave responses, with extreme values occurring when the wave period approaches the buoy's intrinsic period. Under the same wave height condition, the extreme values of the vertical heave response are relatively similar when the wave period ranges from 2 to 3 seconds. The heave response spectrum also reveals a distinct peak near the intrinsic period of the heave motion.

Table 6

Statistics of heave motion under irregular wave
Condition	Heave Motion Extreme (mm)	Heave Motion Standard Deviation (°)
IR10-1	48.86	13.89
IR15-1	95.12	25.76
IR15-2	67.83	16.39
IR15-3	69.65	21.29

The hydrodynamic physical model experiment of multi-cylinder buoys is an indispensable component in the buoy design process, providing a crucial scientific basis for the design and safety evaluation of buoys and mooring systems. The presence of gaps between multiple cylinders introduces greater complexity in their hydrodynamic characteristics compared to single-cylinder buoys. This paper visually demonstrates the interaction between waves and buoys through a physical model experiment.

Cao (2012) studied the hydrodynamic motion response of a single-cylinder columnar buoy through a physical model experiment, with the buoy dimensions and weight comparable to those of the new buoy in this study. The test results indicated that the intrinsic periods for roll and pitch of the single-cylinder buoy were 3.112 seconds, and the intrinsic period for heave was 2.15 seconds. In comparison, the multi-cylinder buoy studied in this paper exhibited shorter intrinsic periods for roll and pitch by 0.652 seconds and a longer intrinsic period for heave by 0.76 seconds. Under conditions similar to IR10-1, the pitch angle and heave value of the single-cylinder buoy were 34.659° and 15.578 cm, respectively, demonstrating that the multi-cylinder buoy has superior stability in terms of pitch and heave.

The reduced motion response of the multi-cylinder buoy, compared to the single-cylinder buoy, may be attributed to the hydrodynamic interactions between the individual cylinders, which can partially offset the wave energy and thus reduce the buoy’s motion response. Additionally, the increased wetted surface area of the cylinders enhances the buoy’s viscous damping, further suppressing its motion. Compared with the sea experiment results from the study (Liu et al. 2021), the roll and pitch values of the multi-cylinder buoy in the sea experiment were slightly higher than those in the physical model experiments. This discrepancy may be due to the physical model experiments considering only wave action, whereas the actual sea experiments involved the combined effects of wind, currents, and waves. Nonetheless, wave loads remain the primary factor influencing the buoy's motion response.

Despite the significant insights gained from the model experiments on the hydrodynamic performance of the multi-cylinder buoy, there are still limitations in this study. The primary limitation is the lack of experiments under extreme sea conditions due to experimental constraints. Additionally, there was no investigation into the effects of cylinder spacing, heave plates, and wave parameters on the buoy's motion response. Future research can further explore these aspects through additional experimental studies and comparisons with numerical simulations.

This study conducted a series of hydrodynamic experiments to comprehensively evaluate the motion response of a novel multi-cylinder buoy under regular and irregular wave conditions. The results indicate that the multi-cylinder Lidar buoy has significant advantages in enhancing stability and data collection capabilities. Compared to traditional single-cylinder buoys, the multi-cylinder buoy demonstrates superior wave resistance and lower motion response amplitudes in complex sea conditions. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) The free decay experiments show that the roll and pitch periods of the novel multi-body buoy are approximately 2.46 seconds, and the intrinsic heave period is about 2.91 seconds. These periods are significantly different from the primary wave periods in actual sea conditions, thus avoiding wave-frequency resonance in the buoy platform's motion.

(2) The results of the regular wave experiments indicate that as the wave period increases, the pitch RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) motion response of the buoy initially increases and then decreases, while the heave RAO initially increases and then fluctuates within a certain range. Higher wave heights correspond to larger motion response extremes.

(3) The irregular wave experiments results show that the extreme pitch response is 11.2°, and the extreme heave response is 95.12 mm. A significant response peak is observed near the intrinsic period.

In summary, the multi-cylinder buoy's design significantly outperforms traditional buoys in terms of stability and motion response, offering a robust platform for accurate wind energy assessment in deep-sea environments. This research sets a solid foundation for future advancements in buoy technology and paves the way for more comprehensive studies on the hydrodynamics of multi-cylinder buoys. Further research could focus on refining the multi-cylinder buoy design to achieve even greater stability and motion response reduction.Developing more sophisticated numerical models to predict the hydrodynamic performance of multi-cylinder buoys under a wider range of sea conditions could be beneficial. This would help in the design phase to anticipate and mitigate potential issues.

Author Contribution

Liu tongmu: Conceptualized the study and designed the research methodology , Drafted the initial version of the manuscriptand Provided administrative and technical support throughout the project..Xiang ming and zhou baocheng: Collected and managed the primary data for the study and Reviewed and edited the manuscript for clarity and accuracy.Zhang xinwen: Conducted the statistical analyses and interpreted the results and Created the visualizations and presentations of the research results.

Amaechi, C. V., Wang, F., & Ye, J. (2022). Numerical studies on CALM buoy motion responses and the effect of buoy geometry cum skirt dimensions with its hydrodynamic waves-current interactions. Ocean Engineering, 244, 110378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110378
Capobianco, R., Rey, V., & Calvé, O. L. (2002). Experimental survey of the hydrodynamic performance of a small spar buoy. Applied Ocean Research, 24(6), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1187(02)00059-5
Cao, H. Y. (2012). Research on Resistance and Motion Characteristics of Marine Cylindrical Buoy. Tianjin University.
Ding, S. Q., et al. (2005). A New Multifunctional Marine Buoy. Marine Engineering, 23(3), 90-93.
Dou, P., et al. (2016). Research on the selection of new floating LiDAR wind measurement buoys. Ship Engineering, 38(08), 91-97.
Graber, H. C., et al. (2000). ASIS—A New Air–Sea Interaction Spar Buoy: Design and Performance at Sea. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 17(5), 708-720. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0708:ANASIA>2.0.CO;2
Guo, et al. (2021). Numerical study on motion response characteristics of new LiDAR buoys. Ocean Engineering, 39(4), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108787
Hegde, P., & Nallayarasu, S. (2023a). Hydrodynamic response of buoy form spar with heave plate near the free surface validated with experiments. Ocean Engineering, 269, 113580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113580
Hegde, P., & Nallayarasu, S. (2023b). Investigation of heave damping characteristics of buoy form spar with heave plate near the free surface using CFD validated by experiments. Ships and Offshore Structures, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445305.2023.2177339
Jiang, D., et al. (2017). Hydrodynamic performance analysis of a new wave-piercing buoy. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 34(4), 622-627.
Li, M., et al. (2022). Hydrodynamic performance and optimization of a pneumatic type spar buoy wave energy converter. Ocean Engineering, 254, 111334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111334
Li, X., et al. (2018). Hydrodynamic Characteristics Analysis of Sea Buoy Pitch Motion in Waves. 2018 IEEE.
Liang, G., et al. (2023). Development of GNSS Buoy for Sea Surface Elevation Observation of Offshore Wind Farm. Remote Sensing, 15.
Liu, T., et al. (2021). A new LiDAR wind buoy design and sea trial application. Marine Surveying and Mapping, 41(03), 74-78.
Liu, T., et al. (2022). A New Solitary Waves Monitoring System Based on Buoy. 2022, 1490-1492.
Lian, W., et al. (2024). Hydrodynamic performance analysis and experimental study of internal wave observation buoys. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 53(01), 115-120.
Leonard, J. W. K., Idris, S. C. S., & Yim. (2000). Large angular motions of tethered surface buoys. Ocean Engineering, 27(12), 1345-1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(00)00031-7
Lu, K., Rao, X., Wang, H., & Zhang, Q. (2022). The Influences of Different Mooring Systems on the Hydrodynamic Performance of Buoy. Acta Armamentarii, 43(1), 120-130. https://doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.01.013
Ma, C., et al. (2016). Theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations into nonlinear motion of a tethered-buoy system. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 21(3), 396-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-015-0256-4
Viselli, A., et al. (2019). Validation of the first LiDAR wind resource assessment buoy system offshore the Northeast United States. Wind Energy (Chichester, England), 22(11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2309
Wang, J., & Li, Y. (2019). The development and application of marine data buoy technology in China. Shandong Science, 32(5), 1-20.
Wang, J. C., et al. (2023). Research status and development trend of attitude information measurement technology for ocean data buoys. Oceans and Lakes, 54(5), 1239-1247.
Wang, et al. (2019). Hydrodynamic analysis of buoys with inertial pendulum power generation devices. Ship Mechanics, 23(04), 420-429.
Xue, Y. Y., Dou, P. L., & Chen, G. (2018). Three-body combined FLiDAR buoy conceptual design and amplitude-frequency motion characteristics research. Ship Science and Technology, 40(1), 86-93.
Zhang, J. J., et al. (2023). Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of a new type of cylindrical environmental monitoring buoy in aquaculture area under wave action. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science Edition), 42(06), 534-544.

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Editorial decision: Revision requested
29 Oct, 2024
Editor assigned by journal
25 Oct, 2024
Submission checks completed at journal
21 Oct, 2024
First submitted to journal
17 Oct, 2024

You are reading this latest preprint version

Hydrodynamic Performance of a Multi-Cylinder LiDAR Buoy Prototype for Wind Assessment

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

1. Introduction

2. Experiment method

2.1 Experimental tank

2.2. Experimental Model and Setup

2.2.1 Experimental model

2.2.2. Test arrangement

2.3 Experimental content

2.3.1 Free delay experiment

2.3.2 Regular wave test

2.3.3 Irregular wave test

3. Analysis of the experiment results

3.1 Hydrostatic water decay experiment

3.1.1 Analysis of the results of the hydrostatic free decay experiment

3.2 Rule-wave test

3.3 Irregular wave experiment

4. Discussion

5. Conclusions

Declarations

Author Contribution

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1