Stable Isotopes Anomalies of Storm Event in April 2019 in Southwestern Iran: A Method to Characterize the Origin of the Atmospheric Masses

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-530955/v1

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Stable Isotopes Anomalies of Storm Event in April 2019 in Southwestern Iran: A Method to Characterize the Origin of the Atmospheric Masses

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-530955/v1

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To determine the source of April 2019 storm event in south-western Iran, stable isotopic technique (²H and ¹⁸O) of precipitation were used. The unique event, with a mean of 230 mm/year, i.e. 46% of the annual rainfall over four days, caused large dams on Dez and Karkheh rivers to overflow and a great deal of casualties and financial losses. To determine the characteristics of stable isotopes ²H and ¹⁸O of this event, 43 samples of rain water were collected in the area about 41,000 (Km)² in south-western Iran with altitudes between zero to 2814 m (m.a.s.l). The local meteoric water line (LMWL) was prepared during the storm event and compared with the global, Mediterranean and other parts of Iran as well as neighbouring countries. According to the LMWL equation (δ²H = 6.5996 δ ¹⁸O + 7.561) and d-excess (with average 7.85 ‰), the source of precipitation was the integration of the meteoric masses of Mediterranean and Red Sea. There was a low correlation between the altitude increase and the ¹⁸O decrease (0.13 per 100 meters), which is a characteristic of this storm event. This isotopic study has proven the impact of Sudanese mass on the occurrence of storm event in south-western Iran for the first time isotopically.

Environmental Engineering

Stable isotopes

Storm event

Local meteoric water line

South-western Iran

Red Sea atmospheric mass

Table 1. Isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, d- excess (d) and Altitude) of rain water sampling points within the study area (April 2019).

Alt. (m.a.s.l)	d_excess	δ¹⁸O	δ²H	Longitude	Latitude	ID
Alt. (m.a.s.l)	(permile)	(permile)	(permile)	Longitude	Latitude	ID
2814	11.10	-4.54	-25.22	50°10'46.78"	32°10'8.49"N	R1
2003	8.72	-3.31	-17.76	50°18'37.49"	31°44'18.41"	R2
1781	5.81	-0.06	5.33	49°59'13.72"	32°14'43.99"	R3
1702	15.12	-0.80	8.72	49°35'14.57"	32°18'56.68"	R4
1658	6.15	-0.68	0.71	49°52'52.41"	32°21'11.80"	R5
1617	12.02	-4.76	-26.06	50°48'20.14"	31°32'0.89"	R6
1575	4.14	-3.22	-21.62	48°13'9.71"	33°15'31.88"	R7
1529	7.26	2.71	28.94	50°17'7.48"	31°42'41.94"	R8
1528	14.65	-0.26	12.57	49°35'0.31"	32°18'36.78"	R9
1499	8.71	-2.80	-13.69	50° 6'15.15"	32° 9'14.53"	R10
1399	9.44	-3.25	-16.56	48°10'10.37"	33° 8'24.24"	R11
1121	12.18	1.64	25.30	49°58'18.58"	31°50'50.97"	R12
1030	15.07	-0.76	8.99	49°41'26.10"	32°24'8.18"	R13
948	-0.72	3.74	29.20	50°27'36"	31°35'37"	R14
861	15.55	-1.26	5.47	49°38'4.50"	32°22'20.96"	R15
828	-9.26	4.71	28.42	49°54'9.38"	31°50'21.18"	R16
808	6.43	1.87	21.39	49°46'48.65"	31°57'45.92"	R17
806	13.40	-0.05	13.00	49°31'43.16"	32°14'54.26"	R18
782	10.79	0.83	17.43	49°30'27.87"	32°12'46.38"	R19
740	8.60	-0.49	4.68	49°54'34.13"	31°28'6.24"	R20
601	6.94	0.55	11.34	48°38'6.87"	32°29'55.99"	R21
544	11.50	0.72	17.26	49°27'11.61"	32° 3'53.55"	R22
539	9.55	-0.98	1.71	48°18'20.28"	32°48'8.43"	R23
491	6.98	-0.05	6.58	48°18'11.40"	32°46'57.02"	R24
487	5.12	2.46	24.80	49°33'36.35"	32° 3'58.31"	R25
458	11.66	-2.19	-5.86	49°35'0.79"	31°29'7.73"	R26
420	9.04	-0.59	4.32	48° 3'52.29"	32°50'48.16"	R27
391	2.73	-1.54	-9.59	49° 8'13.78"	32°24'44.99"	R28
376	7.37	0.55	11.77	49°40'40.05"	31°22'25.65"	R29
366	3.67	1.03	11.91	49° 5'26.53"	32°20'14.78"	R30
355	5.93	-0.06	5.45	48°15'15.58"	32°40'8.50"	R31
340	8.45	-0.52	4.29	48° 4'15.96"	32°47'57.67"	R32
301	7.38	-1.00	-0.62	50°13'44.49"	30°37'13.24"	R33
300	11.20	-0.20	9.60	48°16'2.75"	32°37'16.81"	R34
224	10.38	-2.84	-12.34	49°17'37.99"	31°55'59.04"	R35
212	6.01	0.80	12.41	48°18'15.14"	32°33'25.60"	R36
156	12.79	-1.13	3.75	49°36'31.08"	31°16'59.83"	R37
149	6.88	0.12	7.84	49°50'7.64"	30°56'10.20"	R38
130	10.16	-0.09	9.44	48°26'22.47"	32°25'46.17"	R39
84	5.65	1.73	19.49	48°16'36.01"	32°11'1.34"	R40
75	9.50	-1.83	-5.14	49°25'24.43"	31°26'30.43"	R41
67	-2.66	3.76	27.42	48°45'35.98"	32° 6'42.23"	R42
18	-3.51	2.93	19.93	48°43'36.00"	31°21'27.94"	R43

Table 2. Equation of local meteoric water line (LMWL) of some parts of Iran and in the present study.

R²	Correlation equation	Location	Region
0.91	δ ²H=6.46 δ¹⁸O+0.24	Tehran^a	Central Iran
0.85	δ²H =8.07δ¹⁸O+11.55	Marivan^b	West Iran
0.96	δ²H =5.47* δ¹⁸O-5.5	Shahrood^c	North Iran
0.97	δ²H =6.53*δ¹⁸O+5.56	Kerend^d	West Iran
0.97	δ²H =7.1*δ¹⁸O+12.3	Isfahan^e	Central Iran
0.96	δ²H =5.88 ¹⁸O+15.83	Rafsanjan^f	East Iran
0.99	δ²H =6.8 *δ¹⁸O+10.1	Karkheh River Basin (Zagros)^g	West Iran
0.96	δ²H = 6.6*δ¹⁸O+ 12.1	Pol Zahab^h	West Iran
0.922	δ²H = 6.6* δ ¹⁸O + 7.56	Khuzestanⁱ	South West Iran

References:

a Based on the monthly average of data reported by IAEA GNIP (2013), b (Mohammadzadeh and Ebrahimpoor 2012); c (Kazemi 2013); d (Karimi 2013); e (Khademi et al. 1997); f (Farpoor et al. 2004); g (Osati et al. 2013); h (Mohammadzadeh and Amiri 2019); i the present Study

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Stable Isotopes Anomalies of Storm Event in April 2019 in Southwestern Iran: A Method to Characterize the Origin of the Atmospheric Masses

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