This study reports on a literature review of the leguminous tree Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr, which is found in the N'Djamena region, the Republic of Chad. The study focused on S. sesban’s phytochemical features and its use as a medicine and fodder to assist in future evaluations. A literature review using international academic websites, such as Science Direct, Springer, Nature, plant databases, and data from national herbaria was done. S. sesban is a perennial shrub or tree that measures 3–4 meters in height. This species is becoming rare in Ndjamena but can be found in some gardens of some institutions in Ndjamena such as the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences (ISSED). The local inhabitants in Chad use the species as medicine, livestock feed, fuel-wood, and for improving soil fertility and repelling desert encroachment. Traditional healers use its leaves to treat breast cancer and edema. S. sesban is an essential species native to the Republic of Chad that needs conservation and valorization. Viewing its rarity in N’Djamena today, a strategy of replanting the species in gardens, homes, and fields around Ndjamena and other regions of Chad is recommended.