1. Type of waste generated in all the girls hostels
Generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. Both of them could be hazardous. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, re-usable and recyclable waste.
Biodegradable waste is waste that can be broken down by natural processes. Typically, biodegradable waste is matter derived from plants and animals and other organisms, such as paper, food waste, plant-based plastics, and grass clippings.
Non-biodegradable waste is waste that cannot be broken down through natural processes. These materials include items such as plastic bags, synthetic materials, plastic bottles, electronic items, and aluminium cans. Biodegradable and non biodegradable waste is generating from the hostels is categorised in following:
Table 1: Biodegradable and Non biodegradable waste
Biodegradable waste
|
Non biodegradable waste
|
Paper and paper packing materials
|
Plastic waste, bottles & plastic packing materials, plastic bags
|
Cardboard, Carton,
|
Glass, Bulb
|
Cloth waste
|
Sanitary napkins, wrappers
|
Junk food waste
|
Rubber, Leather
|
Fruits waste, dry fruit waste, tree leaves
|
Metal
|
Kitchen waste
|
Expired Medicine
|
Sand/dust
|
Electronic Waste
|
Liquid waste
|
Cosmetic product waste
|
In the hostels both types of waste (biodegradable and non biodegradable) was generate but some waste were generated frequently and some were occasionally. Cloth, plastic bottles, plastic bag waste generate once in a week; rubber, glass, leather waste were generated once in a month where as paper waste, cardboard, food waste, kitchen waste, liquid waste, fruit waste, poly bags, sanitary napkins generated daily in measurable amount. Plastic waste were generated in huge amount daily in various form like, bottles, milk pouches, shampoo pouches, snacks packets, etc. Sanitary napkins were major non biodegradable waste generated from the all girl’s hostels.
2. Volume of waste generated in the hostels
Large amount of waste generated from all the girls’ hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated. There are following table shows the volume of waste generated in the girls hostels.
Table 2.1: Hostel H1
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
A block
|
B block
|
No. of dustbins
|
No. of students
|
Volume of waste generate(kg/day)
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste generate(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15 kg
|
4
|
23
|
10 kg
|
18
|
1
|
7 kg
|
I st
|
15 kg
|
2
|
18
|
7 kg
|
18
|
1
|
7 kg
|
II nd
|
15 kg
|
2
|
18
|
6 kg
|
18
|
1
|
6 kg
|
IIIrd
|
15 kg
|
2
|
22
|
9 kg
|
18
|
1
|
5 kg
|
Total
|
60 kg
|
10
|
81
|
32 kg
|
72
|
4
|
25 kg
|
Mess
|
15 kg
|
2
|
|
18 kg
|
|
|
|
Total waste = 75 kg/day
|
Table 2.1 showed that in H1 hostel there were two blocks, A and B. In Block A there were total 81 students and in Block B there were 72 students. In Block A, total waste generation was 32 kg/day and in Block B, total waste generation was 25 kg/day and 18 kg of waste generated from mess. Total waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day
Table 2.2: Hostel H2
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15 kg
|
9
|
2
|
2 kg
|
I st
|
15 kg
|
14
|
2
|
4 kg
|
II nd
|
15 kg
|
16
|
2
|
4 kg
|
Total
|
4 kg
|
29
|
6
|
10 kg
|
Mess
|
8 kg
|
|
1
|
8 kg
|
Total waste= 18 kg/day
|
Table2.2 showed that in H2 Hostel there were total 29 students and total waste generated in one day was 10 kg where 2 kg from ground floor, 4 kg from first and second floor and 8 kg from the mess. So total waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day.
Table 2.3: Hostel H3
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15
|
23
|
3
|
7 kg
|
I st
|
15
|
40
|
3
|
15 kg
|
II nd
|
15
|
60
|
3
|
20 kg
|
Total
|
45 kg
|
123
|
9
|
42 kg
|
Mess
|
15
|
|
2
|
12 kg
|
Total waste= 54 kg/day
|
Table 2.3 revealed that in H3 Hostel, in each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg waste generated from the mess. Total 54 kg waste generated from the entire hostel per day.
Table 2.4: Hostel H4
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15 kg
|
62
|
8
|
20 kg
|
I st
|
15 kg
|
49
|
3
|
15 kg
|
II nd
|
15 kg
|
24
|
3
|
9 kg
|
Total
|
45 kg
|
135
|
14
|
44 kg
|
Mess
|
15 kg
|
|
2
|
15 kg
|
Total waste= 59 kg/day
|
Table 2.4 estimated that H4 hostel, maximum waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day.
Table 2.5: Hostel H5
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15 kg
|
63
|
3
|
18 kg
|
I st
|
15 kg
|
46
|
3
|
12 kg
|
II nd
|
15 kg
|
26+21(RL)
|
3
|
15 kg
|
Total
|
45 kg
|
156
|
9
|
45 kg
|
Mess
|
15+35 kg
|
|
2
|
25 kg
|
Total waste= 70 kg/day
|
Table 2.5 depicts that hostel H5, maximum waste generated form ground floor (18 kg/day) followed by second floor (15 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 70 kg/day.
Table 2.6: Hostel H6
Floors
|
Volume of dustbin
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
Ground
|
15 kg
|
41
|
1
|
10 kg
|
I st
|
15 kg
|
35+22
|
1
|
14 kg
|
II nd
|
15 kg + 10 kg
|
31
|
2
|
7 kg
|
Total
|
55 kg
|
129
|
4
|
31 kg
|
Mess
|
15 kg + 35 kg
|
|
2
|
20 kg
|
Total waste= 51 kg/day
|
Table 2.6 depicts that H6 hostel, maximum waste generated form first floor (14 kg/day) which also include RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day.
Table 2.7: Hostel H7
Floors
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Volume of waste(kg/day)
|
I st
|
8
|
1
|
10 kg (garbage window)
|
II nd
|
12
|
IIIrd
|
10
|
Total
|
30
|
|
10 kg
|
Mess
|
6 kg
|
1
|
6 kg
|
Total waste= 16 kg/day
|
Table 2.7 showed that in H7 hostel, there were total 30 students. Lower first and second floor were professor residence and form third floor to fifth floor. In this hostel there was a garbage window and all the students and staff, dispose their waste in that garbage window. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day.
Table 3: Total number of students and sanitary workers in the hostels
Hostel
|
No. of Students (n)
|
Sanitary Workers
|
no. of students(n)/sanitary worker
|
Total No. of Dustbins
|
no. of students (n)/dustbin
|
H1
|
153
|
3
|
51
|
16
|
10
|
H2
|
29
|
2
|
15*
|
8
|
4
|
H3
|
123
|
5
|
25*
|
11
|
11
|
H4
|
135
|
3
|
45
|
16
|
8
|
H5
|
156
|
3
|
52
|
11
|
14
|
H6
|
129
|
3
|
43
|
6
|
22
|
H7
|
30
|
2
|
15
|
2
|
15
|
*round figure
Table 3 showed H5 hostel have highest number of students (n=156) and there was only one sanitary worker over 52 students and one dustbin has been use by 14 students. Followed by hostel H1, H4 and H6 have only three sanitary workers over 153, 135 and 129 students and over one sanitary worker 51, 45 and 43 students respectively. In hostel H2 and H7 there was only 29 and 30 students over two sanitary workers. Therefore over 108 students (average) there were 3 sanitary workers (average) and 10 dustbins (average).
4. Volume of waste generated in the hostels
Table 4 showed that large amount of waste generated from all hostels in the university. Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste generated.
In H1 there were two blocks; A &B and total volume waste generation from entire hostel was 75 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.73 kg/capita/day. In H2 there were total 29 students and total volume waste generated from the hostel was 18 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.34 kg/capita/day. In H3, there were three floors and on each floor there were three dustbins of 15 kg capacity and 123 students generated 42 kg waste per day and 12 kg volume of waste generated from the mess per day. Total 54 kg volume of waste generated from the entire hostel that was around 0.34 kg/capita/day. H4, maximum volume of waste was generated form ground floor (20 kg/day). Total 135 students generated 44 kg of waste per day and 15 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, so 135 students total rate of waste generation was 0.32 kg/capita/day. H5, having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 45 kg of volume of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total volume of waste generated from the mess was 25 kg/day. Total waste generated from the hostel was 70 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.28 kg/capita/day.
Table 4. Volume of waste generated in the hostels:
Hostel
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Total estimated waste generated (students + mess) (kg/day)
|
Waste generation rate
(kg/capita/day)
|
Waste collection rate (kg/bin)
|
H1
|
153
|
16
|
75
|
0.73
|
4.68
|
H2
|
29
|
8
|
18
|
0.34
|
2.50
|
H3
|
123
|
11
|
54
|
0.34
|
4.90
|
H4
|
135
|
16
|
59
|
0.32
|
3.68
|
H5
|
156
|
11
|
70
|
0.28
|
6.36
|
H6
|
129
|
6
|
51
|
0.24
|
8.50
|
H7
|
30
|
2
|
16
|
0.33
|
8.00
|
H6, having three floors, includes RL (Residential Lab). Total 31 kg of waste generated from the floors per day. In the mess there were two types of dustbins, one was 15 kg and another was 35 kg and total waste generated from the mess was 20 kg/day. Total waste generated from the entire hostel was 51 kg/day and rate of waste generation was 0.24 kg/capita/day. In H7, total 30 students. Hostel had a garbage window for waste disposal. Total estimated waste generated from the hostel was 10 kg per day (excluding first and second floor residence) and 6 kg of waste generated from the mess per day, total waste generation rate was calculated 0.33 kg/capita/day. Table 4 further shows the waste collection rate that in H6 waste collection rate was highest i.e. 8.50 kg/bin followed by H5 (6.36 kg/bin) H3 (4.90kg/bin), H1 (4.68 kg/bin), H4 (3.68 kg/bin) and H2 (2.5 kg/bin).
5. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) among variables:
Variables
|
No. of students
|
No. of dustbins
|
Total estimated waste generated (kg/day)
|
Waste generation rate
(kg/capita/day)
|
Waste collection rate (kg/bin)
|
No. of students
|
1
|
0.71**
|
0.98**
|
0.24
|
0.07
|
No. of dustbins
|
|
1
|
0.78**
|
0.52
|
-0.61
|
Total waste generation
|
|
|
1
|
0.38
|
-0.03
|
Waste generation rate
|
|
|
|
1
|
-0.31
|
Waste collection rate
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level,
Table 5 showed the correlation among the different variables, is the statistical analysis index that measures the linear correlation between variables. The value 0.00 to 0.30 (0.00 to −0.30) have negligible correlation, 0.30 to 0.50 (−0.30 to −0.50) have Low positive (negative) correlation, 0.50 to 0.70 (−0.50 to −0.70) have Moderate positive (negative) correlation, 0.70 to 0.90 (−0.70 to −0.90) have High positive (negative) correlation and High positive (negative) correlation have Very high positive (negative) correlation (Hinkle, Wiersma, and Jurs. 2003).
In the present study, available number of dustbins having high positive relation with number of students residing in the hostels (r=0.71) and total waste generated by the students (r=0.78) but moderate negative relation with waste collection rate (r=-0.61). Total estimated waste generation have very high positive relation (r=0.98) with total number of students residing in the hostels but negligible relation with waste collection rate (r=0.07). Waste collection rate have low negative relation (r=-0.31) with waste generation rate.