By the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern and called for the collaborative efforts of all countries to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020 and Tang et al., 2020).. The WHO declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 12 March, which has spread widely and rapidly, from Wuhan city to other parts of the world, and threatens the lives of many people (World Health Organization, 2020).
Extraordinary efforts have been implemented to control the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Egypt. Its clinical presentation ranges from being an asymptomatic infection and developing into severe disease and is associated with a high mortality rate (Carsetti et al., 2005). At the time of writing (May 16, 2020), over 4,425,485 COVID-19 cases and 302, 059 deaths have been registered worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020). In Egypt, there are 11,228 positive individuals and 592 deaths (Ministry of Health-Egypt, 2020).
Coronavirus is characterized by rapid transmission that occurs through close contact with an infected person and is not the only method of transmission (WHO Coronaviruses, 2020). Some of the signs and symptoms of coronavirus include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing. Images that illustrate the Morphology of Coronaviruses; the club-shaped viral spike polymers, colored red, create the look of a corona surrounding the vision when observed with an electron (Shereen et al., 2020). The mortality rate soared and the ease of spread was upsetting. Research shows that older people and those with underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses from coronavirus (World Health Organization, 2020).
All aspects of human activities globally affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 ranged from education, research, sports, entertainment, transportation, worship, social gathering/interactions, economy, businesses, and politics. Indeed, the entire world was in distress as a result of COVID-19 threats (Taber, 2020).
There was closure in most parts of the world, and persons were asked to work from home. Some countries even deployed their military to enforce coronavirus restrictions, and to reduce the number of covidiots. There was an increased need for health equipment including, protective gowns, sanitizers, face masks, and hand gloves (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, 2020).
Substantial efforts to control the disease have been made by health authorities through various measures. Public education is considered one of the most important measures that can help control diseases. Efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 including non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted widespread efforts (Jordan, 2020)
There were no reliable treatments for Coronavirus, as at the time of this study, but a series of studies were in the pipeline across the world towards discovering a clinical vaccine for the contagion. However, recent events show that behavioral change can help contain the spread of coronavirus (The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, 2020). Some of the suggested measures to halt the coronavirus pandemic include improved individual habits such as personal hygiene, including constant washing of hands with alcohol-based sanitizers, good respiratory attitude (close coughing and sneezing), and other personal protection practices such as wearing of face mask, avoiding touching of the face, social distancing, and reducing contacts with people by self-isolation at home or avoiding nonessential travels or gatherings. Coronavirus considered a global problem that requires more action coordination and global cooperation to successfully contain the outbreak and to deal with its aftermath effects. The consequences of COVID-19 could be more severe; if people do not comply or adhere strictly to public health regulations and advice (World Health Organization, 2020).
With the absence of any definite therapy against COVID-19, it becomes imperative that people must stringently abide by advisories of social distancing and hand washing (Pal and Bhansali, 2020 & Pal and Bhadada, 2020 and Banerjee et al., 2020).
Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 are affected by people's adherence to these control measures, following the "KAP theory". The "KAP theory" is a health behavior change theory wherein the change in human behavior includes three successive items, namely, gaining the right knowledge, generating attitudes and adopting practice (Fan et al., 2020). Many studies have illustrated that the KAP level in individuals is associated with effective prevention and management of illness and promotion of one's health (Fan et al., 2020 & Matsumoto et al., 2015 & Rana et al., 2020, Khalil and Abdalrahim, 2014) because deficiencies in KAP are associated with poor health and maladaptive disease preventive behavior, (Matsumoto et al., 2015 and Ricardo et al., 2018).
The nurse plays an important role in preventing the spread of the disease by encouraging students with adherence which is influenced by the student's knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 and providing health education about COVID-19 prevention and control. Evidence shows that student knowledge is important in managing pandemics (Chirwa, 2020 and Chirwa 2019). Many facts about students' perceptions and practices can be gained by assessing students' knowledge about coronavirus which helps to identify attributes that affect the students' adoption of healthy practices and responsive behavior (Podder et al., 2019). There was a need to understand the student's knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 at this critical moment.
As members of the health care team, nurses play an essential role in patient care, which includes contributing to the decision-making process within the multidisciplinary health care team, taking responsibility for nursing care, prevention, health educator, and assessment of patient care (Babiker et al., 2014). Here, we present the results of this study to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on secondary school students’ knowledge, attitude and practical knowledge regarding to COVID-19
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
In Egypt, changes every day of life have been rapid, with virus outbreaks, and an increasing death rate. Coronavirus is considered pandemic in Egypt as part of an ongoing worldwide coronavirus pandemic. The Ministry of Health and Population Egypt confirmed that the first case of COVID-19 in Egypt was on February 14, 2020 (Ministry of Health and Population Egypt, 2020). As the coronavirus pandemic rapidly spread across the world, there is a need to improve students' knowledge, attitude, and practical knowledge to help prevent and control disease among them. The emerging pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered a specific and unusual phenomenon. There are, however, no academic studies about the impact of educational intervention on secondary school students’ knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding to COVID-19 in Egypt. Therefore, the current study represents the first impact of a structured teaching program regarding COVID -19 conducted in secondary school students in a city in Egypt within the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the impact of educational intervention regarding COVID -19 on knowledge, attitudes, and practical knowledge among secondary school students in Egypt in the initial stage of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) outbreak. Additionally, assessing students' knowledge is important in clarifying gaps and strengthening ongoing prevention efforts facilitating outbreak management of COVID-19 in Egypt and controlling the disease spread among students.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on secondary school students’ knowledge, attitude and practical knowledge regarding to COVID-19.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
Secondary school students who will be exposed to educational intervention regarding COVID -19 will have improved in their knowledge, and the total knowledge score will be higher post-intervention compared to pre-intervention.
Secondary school students' who will be exposed to educational intervention regarding COVID -19 will have improved in their attitude, and the total attitude score will be higher post-intervention compared to pre-intervention.
Secondary school students' who will be exposed to educational intervention regarding COVID -19 will have improved in their practical knowledge, and the total practice score will be higher post-intervention compared to pre-intervention.