Social-demographic Characteristics of Respondents
The study surveyed 775 trainers and 772(99.6%) of them responded, which included 473(61.27%) female. The minimum and the maximum age of them were 20 and 69 years respectively. The mean age of them was 40.26 with a standard deviation of 8.67. Han Chinese took the most proportion(86.66%). 589(76.29%) respondents had a Bachelor’s degree or above.Most of the respondents (62.69%) had medicine related professional background. The majority of the respondents (87.82%) had taught first aiders before and 82.64% of them taught both theoretical and practical courses. About half of the participants had less than 3-year teaching experience and about one third of them had 4 to 10 years experience while the others had taught for more than 10 years. Their major target learners were from commercial or workplace. Almost all the respondents didn’t take first aid training as primary source of income (Table 1).
Table 1
Social-demographic Characteristics of Respondents
Variables | No. | % |
Sex | | |
Female | 473 | 61.27 |
Male | 299 | 38.73 |
Age(in year) | | |
20–30 | 105 | 13.60 |
31–40 | 296 | 38.34 |
41–50 | 272 | 35.23 |
51 and above | 99 | 12.82 |
Ethnic | | |
Han Chinese | 669 | 86.66 |
Minorities | 103 | 13.34 |
Level of education | | |
Below Bachelor | 183 | 23.71 |
Bachelor Degree | 520 | 67.36 |
Master degree | 61 | 7.90 |
PhD | 8 | 1.04 |
Major | | |
Medicine related | 484 | 62.69 |
Others | 288 | 37.31 |
Had trained first aiders before | | |
Yes | 678 | 87.82 |
No | 94 | 12.18 |
Teaching type | | |
Theoretical and practical course | 638 | 82.64 |
Theoretical course | 24 | 3.11 |
Practical course | 110 | 14.25 |
Teaching experience(in year) | | |
< 1 | 55 | 7.12 |
1–3 | 314 | 40.67 |
4–5 | 126 | 16.32 |
6–10 | 161 | 20.85 |
> 10 | 116 | 15.03 |
Major target learners | | |
Volunteers | 178 | 23.06 |
Commercial/workplace | 275 | 35.62 |
Students | 181 | 23.45 |
Others | 138 | 17.87 |
Take first aid training as primary source of income | | |
No | 714 | 92.49 |
Yes | 58 | 7.51 |
Satisfaction With Different Teaching Modules
Respondents were asked to score their satisfaction with the course from 1 to 10 to represent their satisfaction degree from lowest to highest. The average score was (9.01 ± 1.40).694(89.9%) respondents scored 8 and above, which revealed most of the respondents were satisfied with this training.
This standard course was designed by IFRC. It included 15 modules which were highly relevant to first aid technology and participatory teaching approach. Four point Likert scale including strongly agree, agree for positive attitude and disagree, strongly disagree for negative attitude was used to find respondents attitude towards each module. According to the result, the three most satisfying modules were The Red Cross, Course reflection and Adult Learners. And the three least satisfying modules were Course Accommodations, Conflict Resolution and One-On-One Feedback(Table 2).
Table 2
Satisfaction with Different Teaching Modules
Module | Strongly agree | | Agree | | Disagree | | Strongly disagree |
No. | % | | No. | % | | No. | % | | No. | % |
Role and responsibilities of a Trainer | 607 | 78.63 | | 161 | 20.85 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 3 | 0.39 |
The Red Cross | 629 | 81.48 | | 139 | 18.01 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 3 | 0.39 |
Instructional Activities | 599 | 77.59 | | 169 | 21.89 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 3 | 0.39 |
Effective Trainer and Communication | 606 | 78.50 | | 162 | 20.98 | | 2 | 0.26 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Adult Learners | 610 | 79.02 | | 159 | 20.60 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Supporting Learning | 600 | 77.72 | | 168 | 21.76 | | 2 | 0.26 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Coaching in First Aid Training | 601 | 77.85 | | 168 | 21.76 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Course Accommodations | 581 | 75.26 | | 184 | 23.83 | | 5 | 0.65 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Conflict Resolution | 579 | 75.00 | | 186 | 24.09 | | 5 | 0.65 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Assessment and Evaluation | 590 | 76.42 | | 180 | 23.32 | | 0 | 0.00 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Organizing a First Aid Course | 593 | 76.81 | | 174 | 22.54 | | 3 | 0.39 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Facilitation Practice #1(Group) | 602 | 77.98 | | 165 | 21.37 | | 3 | 0.39 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Facilitation Practice #2(Individual) | 603 | 78.11 | | 166 | 21.50 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Course Reflection | 611 | 79.15 | | 158 | 20.47 | | 1 | 0.13 | | 2 | 0.26 |
One-On-One Feedback | 599 | 77.59 | | 166 | 21.50 | | 5 | 0.65 | | 2 | 0.26 |
Confidence Growth Of Respondents
4 questions related to respondents’ confidence were designed.Respondents were asked to scale their confidence from 1 to 9 both before and after the course. The questions were as below:
Q1:How prepared do you feel you are to be a qualified First Aid Trainer?
Q2:How prepared do you feel you are to act as a component of quality management process in relation to first aid education?
Q3:How prepared do you feel you are in maintaining a psychologically safe learning environment?
Q4:How prepared do you feel you are in measuring and evaluating study outcomes?
Average score for Q1 increased from 5.73 to 7.49.Average score for Q2 increased from 6.08 to 7.63. Average score for Q3 increased from 6.37 to 7.80.Average score for Q4 increased from 6.19 to 7.66. All average scores had increased statistically according to paired t-test. And Question1 had the maximum growth(Table 3).
Table 3
Average Confidence Score of Respondents
Question | Before course | After course | t | P |
1 | 5.73 ± 2.11 | 7.49 ± 1.55 | -32.66 | < 0.001 |
2 | 6.08 ± 2.14 | 7.63 ± 1.60 | -28.22 | < 0.001 |
3 | 6.37 ± 2.02 | 7.80 ± 1.47 | -27.41 | < 0.001 |
4 | 6.19 ± 1.92 | 7.66 ± 1.47 | -29.07 | < 0.001 |
Respondents were grouped according to the original confidence score they gave themselves before the training. Respondents who scored themselves 1 to 3 were low confidence group. Those who scored themselves 4 to 6 were medium confidence group. Those scored themselves 7 to 9 were high confidence group. The score they gave themselves after the training was analyzed to identify if the growth was different among 3 groups. Data showed median confidence group had the maximum growth while high confidence group had the minimum. Difference was statistically significant(Table 4).
Table 4
Confidence Growth of 3 Different Groups
Question | Confidence growth | Total No. | Low confidence group | | Medium confidence group | | High confidence group | | χ2 | P |
No. | % | | No. | % | | No. | % | |
1 | Higher | 600 | 122 | 92.42 | | 324 | 92.84 | | 154 | 52.92 | | 166.49 | < 0.001 |
| Same | 150 | 10 | 7.58 | | 21 | 6.02 | | 119 | 40.89 | |
| lower | 22 | 0 | 0.00 | | 4 | 1.15 | | 18 | 6.19 | |
2 | Higher | 553 | 86 | 88.66 | | 300 | 90.91 | | 167 | 48.41 | | 166.48 | < 0.001 |
| Same | 200 | 11 | 5.50 | | 26 | 7.88 | | 163 | 47.25 | |
| lower | 19 | 0 | 0.00 | | 4 | 1.21 | | 15 | 4.35 | |
3 | Higher | 530 | 63 | 87.50 | | 289 | 93.23 | | 178 | 45.64 | | 195.40 | < 0.001 |
| Same | 222 | 9 | 12.50 | | 18 | 5.81 | | 195 | 87.84 | |
| lower | 20 | 0 | 0.00 | | 3 | 0.97 | | 17 | 4.36 | |
4 | Higher | 566 | 69 | 86.25 | | 296 | 91.64 | | 201 | 54.47 | | 129.61 | < 0.001 |
| Same | 185 | 10 | 12.50 | | 23 | 7.12 | | 152 | 41.19 | |
| lower | 21 | 1 | 1.25 | | 4 | 1.24 | | 16 | 4.34 | |
Total Confidence Score Among Different Developing Level Regions
Add all the scores of 4 questions together to generate total confidence score before and after the course. The minimum and the maximum were both 4 and 36. The mean score before training was 24.37 with a standard deviation of 7.55. And the mean score after training was 30.57 with a standard deviation of 5.73. Both before and after course total score were divided into groups: 22 and below, 23 to 29, 30 and above.
Provinces were grouped into East(highly developed areas), Middle(Moderately developed areas) and West(Less developed areas) according to classification standard of Communiqué on the Main Data of the First National Economic Census (No. 1) [2]. Total confidence score of trainers from different regions were compared using Chi-square test. No statistical significant difference was found among regions(Table 5).
Table 5
Total Confidence Score among Different Developing Level Regions
Classification | Region | ≤ 22 | | 23–29 | | ≥ 30 | χ2 | P |
No. | % | | No. | % | | No. | % |
Before course | East | 105 | 37.23 | | 103 | 36.52 | | 74 | 26.24 | 3.14 | 0.54 |
Middle | 74 | 41.81 | | 52 | 29.38 | | 51 | 28.81 |
West | 120 | 38.34 | | 100 | 31.95 | | 93 | 29.71 |
After course | East | 24 | 8.51 | | 60 | 21.28 | | 198 | 70.21 | 2.04 | 0.73 |
Middle | 20 | 11.30 | | 35 | 19.77 | | 122 | 68.93 |
West | 26 | 8.31 | | 73 | 23.32 | | 214 | 68.37 |