Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Judith Schaefer, a developer of the PACIC, Bodil Helbech Hansen, and Helle Terkildsen Maindal for assisting in updating the wording of items in the Danish version of PACIC.
Authors' contributions
AF and AS conceptualized, designed, and led the study. AS designed and analysed the data. AF, AS, CG, HB, CUE, and AS interpreted the results, wrote, revised, and critically reviewed the manuscript. CG and AF drafted and performed the data collection by sending emails to the selected patients. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Authors’ information
AF is an MD, Ph.D., Professor in Multimorbidity and chronic diseases at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Research Unit for General Practice, The University of Copenhagen, and Innovation and Research Centre for Multimorbidity, Slagelse hospital, Region Zealand. Denmark. Anne Frølich is the center manager at the Center for Multimorbidity and Chronic Illness located at Slagelse Hospital, Region Zealand, Denmark. Anne Frølich's research has a special focus on improving the organisation of treatment for patients with multimorbidity. AN is an MScPH, Ph.D. at Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. AN is a project manager and senior researcher with organizational and professional insight into the healthcare system. CG is an MD, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Center for Diabetes, Copenhagen, Denmark. The focus of much of Charlotte Glümer’s research is public health and epidemiology. HB, MPH, Ph.D., employed as a postdoc at Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Her research area has focused on multimorbidity, health care organisation, and rehabilitation for patients with Cardiac diseases. CUE, MSc, employed at Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. CUE has authored several systematic reviews and reports about polypharmacy and multimorbidity. AS, associate professor, statistician at the Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, has, among others, research experiences in mathematic modelling, epidemiology, biostatistics, and risk analysis.
Funding
The research was funded by the 50 Million Crown Foundation from the Danish Capital Region. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Availability of Data and Materials
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
According to The Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics, (section 14(2) of the Committee Act), no formal ethics approval is needed when using questionnaires that do not involve human biological material [25]. According to the Helsinki Declaration [1], the participants received information about the study. They were informed about the possibility to withdraw from the study; that their participation was voluntary; and that their anonymity would be maintained. After agreeing to participate, the participants provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication
Not applicable for this study
Competing interests
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Author details
1 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1356 K, Copenhagen, Denmark.2 Innovation and Research Centre for Multimorbidity, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.3 Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.4 Center for Diabetes, 1620 KBH V, Copenhagen, Denmark.5 Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.6 The Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.