In this study 735 patients were included with a mean age of 31.5 ± 12.3 years, which ranges 9 to 89 years old. Among all cases, 71(9.7%) were male and 664 (92.3%) were female patients. The most common lesions in male were non-neoplastic and in female were benign neoplastic groups (Fig. 1).
The most affected age group by malignancy was 31–40 years. Using chi square test there was no significant association between increasing age (P value was 0.999) and sex (P value- 0.325) as to rate of malignancy (Table 1).
Table 1
Lesions Distribution by Age Group at Jimma university medical center from 2014–2017
Age Groups | Lesions | Total |
Malignancy | Suspicious | Benign Neoplastic | Non-Neoplastic |
Under 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
11–20 | 3 | 2 | 110 | 26 | 141 |
21–30 | 25 | 7 | 171 | 91 | 294 |
31–40 | 42 | 9 | 71 | 47 | 169 |
41–50 | 33 | 4 | 19 | 16 | 72 |
51–60 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 17 | 38 |
61–70 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 12 |
>=71 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
Total | 123 | 28 | 378 | 206 | 735 |
Residency distribution
The collected data over the three years showed 523 (71.2%) patients from rural and 212 (28.8%) patients from urban areas. The most and least common lesions in urban and rural were similarly shared, that were benign neoplastic cases and suspicious cases respectively. As for the relationship of malignancy and area of residency no strong association was seen (P value was 0.211).
Laterality distribution of breast lesions
In 323(43.9%) cases, the lesions were located in the right breast and in 362(49.3%) cases these were located in the left breast. In 50(6.8%) cases, bilateral lesions were observed. Left breast was more commonly affected by all breast lesions than the right breast. There was one suspicious case which affected both breasts while malignancy was not seen to affect both breasts. No significant association was seen between the rate of malignant and laterality (P value was 0.945).
Quadrant distribution of breast lesions
Among 735 cases, 553 (75.2%) cases were correctly labeled for quadrants, and the mass was located in the upper outer quadrant in 206(37.3%) cases, in the central region in 262 (47.4%) cases, in the upper inner quadrant in 45 (8.1%) cases, in the lower outer quadrant in 18 (3.3%) cases and in the lower inner quadrant in 22 (3.9%) cases. There was no significant association seen between rate of malignant and quadrant distribution (p value = 0.286).
The cytological diagnoses included malignancy 123 (16.7%), suspicious 28 (3.8%), benign neoplastic 378 (51.4%), and non-neoplastic 206 (28%) cases (Fig. 2). Among benign neoplastic lesions, the two maximum cases were fibroadenoma 152 (40.2%) and fibrocystic changes 117 (31.0%), and the minimum cases were oncocytoma and papilloma (Table 2).
Table 2
Benign Neoplastic Lesions of patients at Jimma University medical center from 2014–2017
Benign Neoplastic Group | | Frequency | | Percent |
Fibroadenoma | | 152 | | 40.2 |
FCC | | 117 | | 31.0 |
Benign Phyloides Tumor | | 9 | | 2.4 |
Lactating Adenoma | | 8 | | 2.1 |
Lipomatous Lesion | | 13 | | 3.4 |
Proliferative Lesions, NOS | | 66 | | 17.5 |
Ductal Hyperplasia | | 11 | | 2.9 |
Oncocytoma | | 1 | | 0.3 |
Papilloma | | 1 | | 0.3 |
Total | | 378 | | 100.0 |
Among non-neoplastic lesions, the top maximum cases were that of chronic mastitis 52 (25.2%) and Gynecomastia 41 (19.9%). Abscess and cyst were found in 38 (18.4%) and 37 (18.0%) cases respectively. Acute mastitis was found in 17 (8.3%) cases and 8 (3.9%) cases were that of duct ectasia (Table 3).
Table 3
Non-Neoplastic Lesions of patients at Jimma University medical center, 2014–2017
Non-Neoplastic Group | Frequency | Percent |
Acute Mastitis | 17 | 8.3 |
Chronic Mastitis | 52 | 25.2 |
Abscess | 38 | 18.4 |
Cyst | 37 | 18.0 |
Gynecomastia | 41 | 19.9 |
Duct Ectasia | 8 | 3.9 |
Fat Necrosis | 3 | 1.5 |
TB | 6 | 2.9 |
Lactational Change | 2 | 1.0 |
Fibroepithelial Polyp | 1 | 0.5 |
Intramammary Lymphadenitis | 1 | 0.5 |
Total | 206 | 100.0 |
Gynecomastia was the most common disease that affected male and chronic mastitis the female. All cases of tuberculosis, fat necrosis and intramammary lymphadenitis were seen in female. A single case of fibroepithelial polyp was found in male.
From a total of 123 malignant cases, 90 (73.2%) cases were having lymph nodes and from malignant cases with lymph nodes 83 (92.2%) cases were positive for malignant cells and 7 (7.8%) were negative for malignant cells.