1 Dixon-Decleve, S. S., Hans Joachim; Raworth Kate. Could COVID-19 give rise to a greener global future? , (World Economic Forum, Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, 2020).
2 Griscom, B. W. et al. Natural climate solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 11645-11650, doi:10.1073/pnas.1710465114 (2017).
3 Griscom, B. W. et al. National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 375, 20190126, doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0126 (2020).
4 Soto-Navarro, C. et al. Mapping co-benefits for carbon storage and biodiversity to inform conservation policy and action. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, 20190128, doi:doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0128 (2020).
5 Löfqvist, S. & Ghazoul, J. Private funding is essential to leverage forest and landscape restoration at global scales. Nature Ecology & Evolution, doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1031-y (2019).
6 Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace. Financing Emission Reductions for the Future: State of Voluntary Carbon Markets 2019. . (Washington DC, 2019).
7 Sullivan, M. J. P. et al. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests. Science (New York, N.Y.) 368, 869-874, doi:10.1126/science.aaw7578 (2020).
8 VCS Association. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Requirements: VCS Version 3. (Washington DC, 2017).
9 Michaelowa, A., Hermwille, L., Obergassel, W. & Butzengeiger, S. Additionality revisited: guarding the integrity of market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement. Climate Policy 19, 1211-1224, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1628695 (2019).
10 Hewson, J., Crema, S. C., González-Roglich, M., Tabor, K. & Harvey, C. A. New 1 km Resolution Datasets of Global and Regional Risks of Tree Cover Loss. Land 8, 14 (2019).
11 Cerbu, G. A., Sonwa, D. J. & Pokorny, B. Opportunities for and capacity barriers to the implementation of REDD+ projects with smallholder farmers: Case study of Awae and Akok, Centre and South Regions, Cameroon. Forest Policy and Economics 36, 60-70, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.018 (2013).
12 Ekawati, S., Subarudi, Budiningsih, K., Sari, G. K. & Muttaqin, M. Z. Policies affecting the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia (cases in Papua, Riau and Central Kalimantan). Forest Policy and Economics 108, 101939, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.05.025 (2019).
13 Zeng, Y. et al. Economic and social constraints on reforestation for climate mitigation in Southeast Asia. Nature Climate Change, doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0856-3 (2020).
14 Butler, R. A., Koh, L. P. & Ghazoul, J. REDD in the red: palm oil could undermine carbon payment schemes. Conservation Letters 2, 67-73, doi:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00047.x (2009).
15 Baccini, A. et al. Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps. Nature Climate Change 2, 182-185, doi:10.1038/nclimate1354 (2012).
16 Dargie, G. C. et al. Congo Basin peatlands: threats and conservation priorities. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 24, 669-686, doi:10.1007/s11027-017-9774-8 (2019).
17 Seddon, N. et al. Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, 20190120, doi:doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0120 (2020).
18 Rochedo, P. R. R. et al. The threat of political bargaining to climate mitigation in Brazil. Nature Climate Change 8, 695-698, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0213-y (2018).
19 ESA-CCI. ESA Climate Change Initiative - Land Cover led by UC Louvain <https://www.esa-landcover-cci.org/> (2017).
20 Saatchi, S. S. et al. Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, 9899-9904, doi:10.1073/pnas.1019576108 (2011).
21 Avitabile, V. et al. An integrated pan-tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets. Global Change Biology 22, 1406-1420, doi:10.1111/gcb.13139 (2016).
22 Simard, M. et al. Mangrove canopy height globally related to precipitation, temperature and cyclone frequency. Nature Geoscience 12, 40-45, doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0279-1 (2019).
23 Mokany, K., Raison, R. J. & Prokushkin, A. S. Critical analysis of root : shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. Global Change Biology 12, 84-96, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001043.x (2006).
24 Panagos, P., Van Liedekerke, M., Jones, A. & Montanarella, L. European Soil Data Centre: Response to European policy support and public data requirements. Land Use Policy 29, 329-338, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.07.003 (2012).
25 Hansen, M. C. et al. High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change. Science (New York, N.Y.) 342, 850-853 (2013).
26 Pesaresi, M. F., Aneta; Schiavina, Marcello; Melchiorri, Michele; Maffenini, Luca GHS settlement grid, updated and refined REGIO model 2014 in application to GHS-BUILT R2018A and GHS-POP R2019A, multitemporal (1975-1990-2000-2015), R2019A. . (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) 2019).
27 Eggleston, S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T. & Tanabe, K. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Vol. 5 (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Hayama, Japan, 2006).
28 Thoumi, G. Emeralds on the equator: An avoided deforestation carbon markets strategy manual. (2008).
29 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019).
30 Hijmans, R. J. & Van Etten, J. raster: Geographic data analysis and modeling. R package version 2.5-8. Vienna, Austria: The R Foundation. Retrieved from https://cran/. R-project. org/package= raster (2016).
31 QGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic Information System, <http://qgis.osgeo.org/> (2019).