[1] WHO (2015) Zoonoses: Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). pp 1 7. http://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/lerg/en/index2.html
[2] Barragan, V., Olivas, S., Keim, P., & Pearson, T. (2017). Critical Knowledge Gaps in Our Understanding of Environmental Cycling and Transmission of Leptospira spp. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 83(19), e01190-17.
[3] Benacer, D., Thong, K. L., Min, N. C., Verasahib, K. B., Galloway, R. L., Hartskeerl, R. A., & Zain, S. N. M. (2016). Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia, 2004-2012. Acta Tropica, 157(0), 162-168.
[4] Al-shere, T. A., Ujiie, M., Suzuki, M., Salva, E., Belo, M. C. P., Koizumi, N., & Villarama, J. B. (2012). Outbreak of leptospirosis after flood, the Philippines, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 91.
[5] Bahaman, A. R., & Ibrahim, A. L. (1988). A review of leptospirosis in Malaysia. Veterinary Research Communications, 12(2-3), 179-189.
[6] Hinjoy, S. (2016). Epidemiology of leptospirosis from Thai national disease surveillance system, 2003-2012. Outbreak, Surveillance Investigation and Response Journal, 7(2), 1-5.
[7] Kawaguchi, L., Sengkeopraseuth, B., Tsuyuoka, R., Koizumi, N., Akashi, H., Vongphrachanh, P., & Aoyama, A. (2008). Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and risk factor analysis in flood-prone rural areas in Lao PDR. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78(6), 957-961.
[8] Lau, C. L., Smythe, L. D., Craig, S. B., & Weinstein, P. (2010). Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104(10), 631-638.
[9] Victoriano, A. F. B., Smythe, L. D., Gloriani-Barzaga, N., Cavinta, L. L., Kasai, T., Limpakarnjanarat, K., & Yanagihara, Y. (2009). Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region. BioMedCentral Infectious Diseases, 9(1), 147.
[10] Garba, B., Bahaman, A. R., Bejo, S. K., Zakaria, Z., Mutalib, A. R., & Bande, F. (2018). Major epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in Malaysia. Acta Tropica, 178(0),242-247.
[11] Trueba, G., Zapata, S., Madrid, K., Cullen, P., & Haake, D. (2004). Cell aggregation: a mechanism of pathogenic Leptospira to survive in fresh water. International Microbiology, 7(1), 35-40.
[12] Pappachan, M. J., Mathew, S.A., Aravindan, K. P., Khader, A. A., Bharghavan, P. V., Kareem, M. M., & Batra, H. V. (2004). Risk factors for mortality in patients with leptospirosis during an epidemic in northern Kerala. National Medical Journal of India, 17(5), 240-2.
[13] Radi, M. F. M., Hashim, J. H., Jaafar, M. H., Hod, R., Ahmad, N., Nawi, A. M., & Ayub, N. I. F. (2018). Leptospirosis outbreak after the 2014 major flooding event in Kelantan, Malaysia: a spatial-temporal analysis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(5), 1281-1295.
[14] Moore, D. A., & Carpenter, T. E. (1999). Spatial analytical methods and geographic information systems: use in health research and epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews, 21(2), 143-161.
[15] Mayfield, H. J., Lowry, J. H., Watson, C. H., Kama, M., Nilles, E. J., & Lau, C. L. (2018). Use of geographically weighted logistic regression to quantify spatial variation in the environmental and sociodemographic drivers of leptospirosis in Fiji: a modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(5), e223-e232.
[16] Mohammadinia, A., Alimohammadi, A., & Saeidian, B. (2017). Efficiency of geographically weighted regression in modeling human leptospirosis based on environmental factors in Gilan Province, Iran. Geosciences, 7(4), 136.
[17] Vega-Corredor, M. C., & Opadeyi, J. (2014). Hydrology and public health: linking human leptospirosis and local hydrological dynamics in Trinidad, West Indies. Earth Perspectives, 1(1), 3.
[18] Widayani, P., Gunawan, T., Danoedoro, P., & Mardihusodo, S. J. (2016). Application of geographically weighted regression for vulnerable area mapping of leptospirosis in Bantul District. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 48(2), 168.
[19] Malaysia, M. M. S. (2014). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. https://www.dosm.gov.my. Accessed 21st September 2018
[20] Karger, D. N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R. W., & Kessler, M. (2016). CHELSA climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas (Version 1.2). World Data Center for Climate.
[21] Fick, S. E., & Hijmans, R. J. (2017). WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302-4315.
[22] ESRI, R. (2011). ArcGIS desktop: release 10. Environmental Systems Research Institute, CA.
[23] SPSS, I.I.B.M. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 20.0. New York: IBM Corp, 440.
[24] ESRI. ESRI online help for spatial statistics and analysis. http://resources.esri.com/help/9.3/arcgisdesktop/com/. Accessed 13th December 2018.
[25] Berke, O. (2004). Exploratory disease mapping: kriging the spatial risk function from regional count data. International Journal of Health Geographics, 3(1), 18.
[26] Shinkle, K. D., & Dokka, R. K. (2004). NOAA Technical Report 50: Rates of Vertical Displacement at Benchmarks in the Lower Mississippi Valley and the Northern Gulf Coast. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geodetic Survey: Sliver Spring, MD, USA.
[27] Pilz, J., & Spöck, G. (2008). Why do we need and how should we implement Bayesian kriging methods? Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 22(5), 621 632.
[28] R. Hijmans, DIVA-GIS. http://www.diva gis.org/gdata. Accessed 7 September 2018.
[29] Fotheringham AS, Brunsdon C, Charlton M: Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2002.
[30] Tan, W. L., Soelar, S. A., Mohd Suan, M. A., Hussin, N., Cheah, W. K., Verasahib, K., & Goh, P. P. (2016). Leptospirosis incidence and mortality in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medcine and Public Health, 47(3), 434-40.
[31] Chou, Y. L., Chen, C. S., & Liu, C. C. (2008). Leptospirosis in Taiwan, 2001 2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 856.
[32] Goris, M. G., Boer, K. R., Duarte, T. A., Kliffen, S. J., & Hartskeerl, R. A. (2013). Human leptospirosis trends, the Netherlands, 1925–2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19(3), 371.
[33] Chadsuthi, S., Modchang, C., Lenbury, Y., Iamsirithaworn, S., & Triampo, W. (2012). Modeling seasonal leptospirosis transmission and its association with rainfall and temperature in Thailand using time–series and ARIMAX analyses. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5(7), 539-546.
[34] Suut, L., Mazlan, M. N. A., Arif, M. T., Yusoff, H., Abdul Rahim, N. A., Safii, R., & Suhaili, M. R. (2016). Serological prevalence of leptospirosis among rural communities in the Rejang basin, Sarawak, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(5), 450-457.
[35] Hsueh, Y. H., Lee, J., & Beltz, L. (2012). Spatio-temporal patterns of dengue fever cases in Kaoshiung City, Taiwan, 2003–2008. Applied Geography, 34, 587-594.
[36] Khormi, H. M., & Kumar, L. (2011). Modeling dengue fever risk based on socioeconomic parameters, nationality and age groups: GIS and remote sensing-based case study. Science of the Total Environment, 409(22), 4713-4719.
[37] Desvars, A., Jégo, S., Chiroleu, F., Bourhy, P., Cardinale, E., & Michault, A. (2011). Seasonality of human leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) and its association with meteorological data. PloS one, 6(5), e20377.
[36] Sumi, A., Telan, E. F. O., Chagan-Yasutan, H., Piolo, M. B., Hattori, T., & Kobayashi, N. (2017). Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on dengue fever and leptospirosis infections in Manila, the Philippines. Epidemiology & Infection, 145(1), 78-86.
[37] Zhao, J., Liao, J., Huang, X., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Ren, J., & Ding, F. (2016). Mapping risk of leptospirosis in China using environmental and socioeconomic data. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 16(1), 343.
[38] Mills, J. N., Gage, K. L., & Khan, A. S. (2010). Potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases: a review and proposed research plan. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(11), 1507-1514.
[39] Medlock, J. M., & Leach, S. A. (2015). Effect of climate change on vector-borne disease risk in the UK. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(6), 721-730.