Minimum descriptors showed that thirteen genotypes (32.5%) were classified as Black, ten (25%) as Carioca, one (2.5%) as Rosinha, one (2.5%) as Pinto, one (2.5%) as Mulatinho, two (5%) as Red, and twelve (30%) as Others (brindle and other colours) (Table 2). Five genotypes (12.5%) were classified with growth habit type I (determined growth and shrub size), fifteen (37.5%) under type II (erect and shrubby growth, presence of guides with more than 12 knots), twenty (50%) under type III (prostrate or semi-creeper growth, with shrub bearing in favourable environments and longer guides than type II) and none under type IV (climber and undetermined) (Table 2). Nineteen genotypes (47.5%) had purple flowers, seventeen (42.5%) white flowers and four (10%) pink flowers (Table 2). Five genotypes (12.5%) displayed purple as primary pod colour, thirty-four (85%) displayed yellow and just one (2.5%) displayed red (Table 2). Number of days until flowering (NDF) varied from 35 to 48 days with one genotype (2.5%) classified as early cycle (< 75 days from emergence to maturation), six (15%) as semi-early cycle (75 to 85 days), thirty-one (77.5%) as normal cycle (86 to 95 days) and two (5%) as late cycle (> 95 days).
Morphological descriptors showed that seventeen genotypes (42,5%) presented primary and secondary grain colours (varying from cream to reddish brown for primary colour and pink to black as secondary) while twenty-three genotypes (57,5%) were uniform in their grain colour (varying from cream to black) (Table 3). Most of the genotypes (87,5%) presented forehead venations, elliptical (65%), half-full (65%) and opaque (70%) grains with the presence of halo (100%) and mass of one hundred grains variating between 18.07g and 29.37g (Table 3). Of the 35% of flat grains, half were from Black group and the other half from Carioca and Others groups (Table 3).
For molecular analysis, all ten microsatellites showed a polymorphic pattern where 43 polymorphic bands were generated, with 2 to 6 alleles, with an average of 4.2 alleles per locus (Table 4). The markers evaluated in the present study were considered according to Botstein et al. (1980), as moderately informative to very informative, with the marker SSR-IAC183 being the most informative (0.66) and the least informative being SSR-IAC168 (0.33), with an average value of 0.56 (Table 4).
Genotypes were divided into three groups (K = 3) according to the Bayesian inference (Fig. 2). Group 1 is primarily composed by commercial cultivars and land races with Andean origin, group 2 is predominantly formed by land races with Mesoamerican origin and group 3 had similar organization to group 1, with commercial cultivars and land races with Andean origin (Fig. 2). The presence of Chumbinho, Pombinho, Vagem Roxa Seca and Carioca rosa was not expected in group 3 once that their morphological descriptors tend to fit the Mesoamerican origin.
The resulting dendrogram revealed high variability among genotypes, divided into six clusters (Fig. 3). Two clusters were formed with a large number of landraces varieties (cluster 3 and 4) with characteristics of Mesoamerican common beans. A cluster predominant formed by commercial cultivars (group 5) and three smaller cluster formed by two land races each with characteristics similar to genotypes from Andean origin (groups 1, 2 and 6).
The largest cluster 3 and 4 are formed predominantly by varieties from the commercial groups Black and Carioca groups (approximately 70% in each group) (Fig. 3). These groups too presented growth habits type II and type III, semi-early to normal cycle (Table 2), elliptical and half-flat grains (Table 3). Genotypes in these cluster also presented predominate elliptical and opaque grains. In group 3, only the Carioca rosa had glossy grains and only the Gralha Coop variety had grains of Short oblong format. In Group 4, all varieties that presented non-elliptic grains also presented Glossy grains (Table 3).
Most of the commercial cultivars evaluated in this study were in cluster 5 (Fig. 3) with growth habits type II and type III, normal to late cycles (Table 2), elliptical, half-flat, and opaque grains (except for Mourinho that had intermediate grains) (Table 3).
Genotypes in cluster 1, 2 and 6 (Fig. 3) present no elliptical, semi-flat or semi-flat grains (Table 3) with semi-early cycle (Table 2). Genotypes in these clusters presented large beans (> 14 mm in length) (Table 3), semi-early cycle and type I growth habit (Table 2). All characteristics of Andean center of origin (Chiorato, 2004).
Genotypes of cluster 2 consisted of two land races with normal cycle and type I growth habit (IPR Rajado) and semi-early cycle and type I growth habit (Cavalo BR UM), both with pink flowers (Table 2). Both presented large, oblong, opaque, and semi-flattened grains (Table 3). Similar characteristics to cycle, growth habit and grain characteristics are present in the genotypes off 1 and 6 clusters (Fig. 3). It is believed that this groups also had Andean center of origin. but even with their genetic differences, they still present highly conserved parts, being grouped together under Bayesian analysis (Fig. 2).
The genotypes Pardinho and Gralha Coop with normal cycle, type III growth habit, yellow pods (Table 2), opaque grains and similar mass of 100 grains (Table 3). These two genotypes were also together under Bayesian analysis (group 2), showing how genetically similar these genotypes were (Figs. 2 and 3). The Genotypes Campos Gerais and IPR Bentevi that are in the cluster together whit the land races varieties consisted of two commercial cultivars from IAPAR, which belong to Carioca Group, with normal cycle and type III growth habit (Table 2), with opaque and elliptical grains colored with similar shades of cream and brown (Table 3).
Both Bayesian (Fig. 2) and UPGMA (Fig. 3) analysis revealed the diversity that exists between the studied genotypes and the elevated similarity among them, with some minor exceptions. However, UPGMA analysis (Fig. 3) provided better discrimination of genotypes within the Bayesian groups (Fig. 2), where genotypes were primarily grouped by their centres of Origin.