Chronic Kidney Failure is a chronic-degenerative disease that causes irreversible renal pathological changes, paralyzing the vital functions of the kidneys. This study aims to carry out a survey of the absolute number of kidney transplants in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. This work is a bibliographic research of an explanatory nature and quantitative approach, where it is intended to quantify the absolute number of Chronic Kidney Patients in a period 10 years, who underwent kidney transplantation in Brazil. In this study it is possible to identify the continuous growth in the absolute number of transplants in Brazil, but although there has been an increase in the number of transplants, it still does not meet the expected growth so that it can better meet the needs of the Brazilian population, since today the kidney disease and underlying diseases, such as diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension, have been increasing the number of cases of the disease, and the public service must equally meet these needs, especially regarding financial investments and guidance from the multidisciplinary team, always focusing on primary care of health.