Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2005) Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry U.S. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.pdf.
Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Afor E, Obuotor EM, Farombi EO (2007) Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Sci Res Essays 2(5):163-166.
Amic D, Davidovic-Amic D, Beslo D, Trinajstic N (2003) Structure-radicals scavenging activity relationship of flavonoids. Croat Chem Acta 76(1):55-61.
Anjorin ST, Ugwu NH (2011) Growth characteristics, phytochemicals and mineral composition of Ocimum gratissimumapplied with Albitbioproduct. ABJNA 2(4):693-697.
Atienzar FA, Jha AN (2006) The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and related techniques applied to genotoxicity and carcinogenesis studies: a critical review. Mutat Res 613: 76-102.
Awah FM, Verla AW (2010) Antioxidant activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and phenolic contents of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract. J Med Plant Res 4(24):2479-2487.
Bergmeyer HV, Gowehu K, Grassel M (1974) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis Academic Press New York.
Bouhlel I, Limem I, Skandrani I, Nefatti A, Ghedira K, Dijoux-Franca MG, Leila CG (2010) Assessment of isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside from Acacia salicina: protective effects toward oxidation damage and genotoxicity induced by afl atoxin B1 and nifuroxazide. J Appl Toxicol 30:551-558.
Brindha P, Sasikala P, Purushothaman KK (1981) Pharmocognostic studies on Merugan kizhangu. Bull Med-Ethno Bot- Res 3:84-96.
Cansaran-Duman D,Altunkaynak E, Aslan A, Büyük I, Aras S (2015) Application of molecular markers to detect DNA damage caused by environmental pollutants in lichen species. Genet Mol Res 14(2):4637-4650.
Chakraborti D, Mukherjee SC, Pati S, Sengupta MK, Rahman MM, Chowdhury UK, Lodh D, Chanda CR, Chakraborti AK, Basu GK (2003) Arsenic groundwater contamination in Middle Ganga Plain, Bihar, India: A Future Danger. Environ Health Perspect 111(9):1194-1201.
Chakraborti D, Sengupta MK, Rahman MM, Ahamed S, Chowdhury UK, Hossain MA, Mukherjee SC, Pati S, Saha KC, Dutta RN, Quamruzzaman Q (2004) Groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects in the Ganga-Meghna-Brahmaputra Plain. J Environ Monit 6:75N-83N.
Choudhury GB, Behera M, Jena PK, Tripathy SK (2011) Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation of various Tulsi plants available in South Eastern Odisha. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci 2(2): 605-610.
Corsini E, AstiL, Viviani B, Marinovich M., Galli CL (1999) Sodium arsenate induces overproduction of interleukin-1alpha in murine keratinocytes: role of mitochondria. J Investig Dermatol 113:760-5.
Dhakshanamoorthy D, Selvaraj R, Chidambaram ALA (2011) Induced mutagenesis in Jatropha curcas L. using gamma rays and detection of DNA polymorphism through RAPD marker. C R Biol 334:24-30.
Dubey NK, Tiwari TN, Mandin D, Andriamboavonjy H, Chaumont JP (2000) Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (ethyl cinnamate chemotype). Fitoterapia 7(15):567-569.
Gambell MV, Liu X, Ahsan H, Pilsner R, Ilieveski V, Slavkovich V, Parvez F, Levy D, Factor-Litvak P, Grazino JH (2005) Folate, homocysteine and arsenic metabolism in arsenic exposed individuals in Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect 113:1683-1686.
Harborne JB, Williams CA (2000) Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 55:481-504.
Hei TK, Liu SX, Waldren C (1998) Mutagenecity of arsenic in mammalian cells: Role of reactive oxygen species. PNAS 95:8103-8105.
Holets FB, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Cortez DAG, Morgado-Diaz JA, Nakamura CV (2003) Effect of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum on the Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. Acta Protonzool 42:269-276.
Inskeep WP, Macur RE, Hamamura N, Warelow TP, Ward SA, Santini JM (2007) Detection, diversity, and expression of aerobic bacterial arsenite oxidase genes. Environ Microbiol 9:934-943.
Islam FS, Gault AG, Boothman C, Polya DA, Charnok JM, Chatterjee D, Lloyd JR (2004) Role of metal reducing bacteria in arsenic release from Bengal delta sediments. Nature 430:68-71.
Kitchin KT, Ahmad S (2003) Oxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis. Toxicol Lett 137: 3-5.
Kumar A (2009) Antioxidant effect of Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. on human lymphocyte: an in vitro study. J Cell Tissue Res 9(2):1899-1902.
Kumar P, Gupta VK, Misra AK, Modi DR, Pandey BK (2009) Potential of molecular markers in plant biotechnology. Plant Omics 2(4):141-162.
Lal S, Mistry KN, Shah SD, Thaker R, ShahSD, Vaidya PB (2011) Genetic diversity assessment in nine cultivars of Catharanthus roseus from Central Gujarat (India) through RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. J Biol Res 1(8):667-675.
Lee YC, Yang VC, Wang TS (2007) Use of RAPD to detect sodium arsenite-induced DNA damage in human lymphoblastoid cells. Toxicol 239:108–115.
Liu SX, Athar M, Lippai I, Waldren C, Hei TK (2001) Induction of oxyradicals by arsenic: implication of mechanism of genotoxicity. PNAS 98:1643-1646.
Manna P, SinhaM, Sil PC (2008) Protection of arsenic induced testicular oxidative stress by arjunolic acid. Redox Rep 13:67-70.
Misra HP, Fridovich I (1972) The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 247(10):3170–3175.
Moron MS, Depierre JW, Mannervik B, (1979) Activity of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 582:67-78.
Niwa U, Doi Y, Kato Y, Osawa T (2001) Antioxidant properties of phenolic antioxidants isolated from corn steep liquor. J Agric Food Chem 49:177- 182.
Obioma NJOKUU, Elijah JP, Emmanuel OC, Victor AV, Juliana UO (2011) Antioxidant Properties of Ocimum gratissimum(Scent Leaf). N Y Sci J 4(5): 98:103.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N., Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Ann. Clin Biochem 95:351-358.
Okigbo RN, Ogbonnanya OU (2006) Antifungal effects of two tropical plants extracts Ocimum gratissimum and Afromaomum melegueta on post harvest yam Discorea spp rot. Afr J Biotechnol 5(9):727-731.
Onajobi FD (1986) Smooth muscle contracting lipidic soluble principle in chromatographic functions of Ocimum gratissimum. J Ethnopharmacol 18:3-11.
Osawa T (1994) Novel natural antioxidants for utilization in food and biological systems. In: Uritani I, Garcia VV, Mendoza EM (eds) Postharvest biochemistry of plant food-materials in the tropics. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Scientific Societies Press pp.241–251.
Pandey PK, Khare RN, Sharma S, Sar SK, Pandey M, Binayke P, 1999. Arsenicosis and deteriorating groundwater quality: Unfolding crisis in Central East India Region. Curr Sci77:686-693.
Pietta PG (1997) Flavonoids in medicinal plants. In: Rice-Evans CA, Packer L (eds) Flavonoids in health and disease, New York: Dekker pp61–110.
Preston RJ, San Sebastian RJ., McFee AF (1987) The in vitro human lymphocyte assay for assessing clastogenicity of chemical agents. Mutat Res 189:175-183.
Rekha PS, Kuttan G, Kuttan R (2001) Antioxidant activity of brahma rasayana. Indian J Exp Biol 39:447-452.
Romero FJ, Bosch-Morell M, Romero MJ, Jareno EJ, Romero B, Marin N, Roma J (1998) Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease. Environ Health Perspect 106:1229. Maxwell SRJ, (1995) Prospects for use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs 49:345-361.
Rotruck JT,Pope AL, Ganthe HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG (1973) Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179:588–590.
Santra A, Chowdhury A, Ghatak S, Biswas A, Dhali GK (2007) Arsenic induces apoptosis in mouse liver is mitochondria dependent and is abrogated by N-acetylcysteine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 220:146-55.
Scartezzini P, Speroni E (2000) Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1:23-43.
Shahidi F, Janitha PK, Wanasundara PD (1992) Phenolic antioxidants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 32(1):67–103.
Shi H, Shi X, Liu KJ, (2004) Oxidative mechanism of arsenic toxicity and carcinogencity.. Mol Cell Biochem 255(1-2):67-78.
Sikder K, Sinha M, Das N, Das DK, Datta S, Dey S (2013) Moringa oleifera leaf extract prevents in vitro oxidative DNA damage. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 6(2):159-164.
Singh KP, Roy D (2001) Identification of novel breast tumor-specific mutation(s) in the q11.2 region of chromosome 17 by RAPD/AP-PCR fingerprinting. Gene 269:33-43.
Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL (1988) A simple technique for quantification of low activity of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 75:184-191.
Sinha D, Mukherjee, S, Roy S, Bhattacharya, RK, Roy M (2009) Modulation of arsenic induced genotoxicity by curcumin in human lymphocytes. J Environ Chem Ecotoxicol 1(1):1-11.
Sofowora A (1993) Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in West Africa. 2nd ed, John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 9782462195.
Sulistiarini DL (1999) Ocimum gratissimum L.In: Oyen PA, NguyenED.(eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia, vol. 19, Essential oils Plants (Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia) pp140.
Trease GE,Evans WC (1985) Pharmacognosy 12th ed English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London.
VeliogluYS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD (1998) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46:4113–4117.
Vogt BL, Rossman, TG (2001) Effects of arsenic on p53, p21 and cyclin D expression in normal human fibroblasts – a possible mechanism of arsenite’s comutagenicity. Mutat Res 478:159.
Wijesinghe WAJP, Senevirathne M, Oh Myung-CheolJeon You-Jin (2011) Protective effect of methanol extracts of citrus juice plants prepared by far-infrared radiation drying on H2O2 mediated oxidative damage in Vero cells. Nutr Res Pract 5(5):389-395.
Williams JG, KubelikAR, Livak KJ,Rafalski JA (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res 18:6531-6535.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2001) Arsenic in drinking-water. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Fact Sheet No. 210; http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/ factsheets/fs210/en/print.html).
World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) Arsenic in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.