All the grower chicken from the present study has some or other similarity with that of 6-12 months old indigenous chicken from Bangladesh studied by Sharmin and Myenuddin (2004) in case of Hb%, TEC, PCV, MCV, MCH, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil content of DLC. AS, NN and RC chicks and KN and WL chicks have similar MCH values with that of 44-day old broiler chicken reported by Nowaczewski and Kontecka (2012) and 42-day old control group broilers (Bedáňová et al. 2007) respectively. AS, BR, KN, NN, RC, RIR and WL chicks have similar Hb%, PCV, MCHC, lymphocyte, heterophil and basophil percentage (DLC) with that of one day old control group broiler chicks mentioned by Ayuk and Essien (2009). RC and BR chicks have similar PCV and Hb value respectively with that of 42day old control group broilers (Bolu et al. 2009). RC chick have approximately similar TLC values with that of one day old control group broiler chick studied by Okunlola et al. 2015. AS, BR, DR, NN, RC and WL growers have similar TLC, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil % from DLC with that of 18 weeks old indigenous and Ross-308 cocks and hens (Abdi-Hachesoo et al. 2011).
KN and RC growers have similar Hb% with that of indigenous chicken but AS, KN, NN, RIR, VR and WL chicks have similar Hb% with that of broiler chicken. Also, RC chicks and NN, VR and WL growers have similar Hb% with that of Fayomi and ISA brown chicken respectively. WL chicks and KN growers have similar TLC value with that of indigenous chicken whereas NN chicks and RIR growers have similar TLC value with that of broiler chicken. While considering DLC, VR chicks have similar lymphocyte % with that of indigenous chicken whereas NN chicks have similar lymphocyte % with that of broiler chicken and ISA brown chicken. Also, RIR growers have similar lymphocyte% with that of broiler chicken. RIR and NN chicks and VR growers have similar heterophil% with that of indigenous, Fayomi and ISA brown chicken. RIR grower have similar eosinophil% with that of indigenous chicken. NN, RIR and VR chicks have similar monocyte % with that of broiler chicken and ISA brown chicken (Kabir 2012).
KN and NN chicks have similar MCV and MCH with that of one day to 4 weeks old dominant blue and frizzled chicken; also, VR chicks have similar MCH with that of one day to 4 weeks old dominant blue chicken. All chicks of present study have some or other similar MCHC with that of one day to 4 weeks old different local and exotic chicken (Isidahomen et al. 2011) respectively. RIR grower have similar Hb and PCV with that of adult RIR; KN grower have similar MCH with that of adult KN; WL grower have similar PCV and MCHC with that of adult WL (Pandian et al. 2012). WL and NN grower have similar Hb and MCH with that of 21 weeks old Nera black strain chicken (Azeez et al. 2009). AS grower have similar Hb with that of 3 months old Assil. Similarly, RC and WL growers have similar TEC and PCV with that of 3 months old Fayomi chicken. Also, DR and RIR grower have similar MCH with that of 3 months old local chicken. While comparing chicks from both studies, KN, NN, RIR and WL chicks have similar Hb, DR chick have similar TEC and DR and NN chick have similar MCH with that of 1 month old local chicken. Moreover, BR chick and grower have similar MCV with that of 1 and 3 months old Fayoumi chicken (Islam et al. 2004). All the chicken studied by the above author are from Sylhet region of Bangladesh.
DR grower have similar PCV with that of 14-18 months old Nigerian indigenous normal feathered and HARCO breed chicken whereas Hb value has resemblance only with 14-18 months old HARCO chicken. BR and RC have similar MCH with that of 14-18 months old Nigerian indigenous and exotic chicken. NN, KN and RIR growers have similar lymphocyte percentage (DLC) with that of 14-18 months old Nigerian indigenous normal feathered and ISA brown chicken (Ajayi et al. 2014). DR, BR, KN, RIR, VR and WL growers have similar haemoglobin content, TEC, MCH, TLC and lymphocyte percentage with that of adult Malaysian jungle fowl studied by Adnan and Babjee (1985). DR growers have similar Hb with that of frizzled, naked-neck and normal feathered genotypes of Nigerian indigenous chicken whereas they have similar PCV with that of frizzled genotype only. Moreover, RC grower have approximately similar RBC count and KN, NN, RC, RIR and WL have likeliness in MCHC value with different genotypes of Nigerian indigenous chicken (Peters et al. 2011).
DR grower have similar Hb value with that of normally feathered Nigerian indigenous cocks whereas BR chick, KN, NN and RC growers, RIR, VR and WL chick and grower have similar MCHC value with both naked-neck and normally feathered Nigerian indigenous chicken (Ladokun et al. 2008). DR growers have similar Hb%, KN and RC growers have similar RBC count, DR, KN and VR chicks and growers, NN chicks, RIR growers have similar MCH value, AS chicks and NN growers have similar WBC count, AS and WL chicks and BR growers have similar heterophil count, DR chicks and VR growers have similar lymphocyte%, DR and RIR chicks, KN and VR growers have similar monocyte%, DR and RC chicks and VR growers have similar eosinophil %, AS, RC and VR growers, KN chicks, NN chicks and growers have similar basophil % (DLC) with that of adult native chicken of Kashmir as per Pampori and Iqbal (2007). AS growers and BR chicks has similar PCV with that of black Nicobari fowls (Kundu et al. 2013).
AS and WL chicks has similar TEC value with that of 21-42 days old selected Hubbard, Ross and Cobb strain broilers respectively but RC chick have same PCV and MCH with that of 21-42 days old selected Hubbard and Ross strain broilers. Also, NN and RC chick have same MCHC with that 21-42 days old non-selected FC strain broilers. However, WL chicks have same WBC count with that of 21-42 days old selected Cobb and non-selected FC strain broilers (Furlan et al. 1993). NN and RIR growers have resemblance in Hb; VR growers in RBC count; DR, RC and VR growers in PCV; DR growers in heterophil % and NN, RC and VR in basophil % with 6-8 months old Thai indigenous chicken (Simaraks et al. 2004).
AS, KN, NN, RIR, VR and WL, DR and RC chicks have similar Hb with that of 1-day old Arian broilers, 7-and 14 days old Arian broilers respectively. KN and WL chicks and RC growers have RBC count close to that of 1- and 7-days old Cobb broilers and 56 days old Arbor-acres and Cobb broilers. RC chicks have PCV close to 1-day old Arbor-acres, Ross, 7 days old Arbor-acres and 14 days old Cobb broilers; BR, AS, DR and RC chicks and WL growers have near MCH value with that of 1-day old Arian broilers, 21 days old Cobb broilers, 28 days old Arian broilers, 28 days old Arbor-acres, 49 days old Arian broilers and 56 days old Arbor-acres broilers respectively. NN and RC chicks have similar MCHC value with that of 28 days old Arian broilers (Talebi et al. 2005).
NN and DR chicks have nearer Hb value with that of one-week local and Muscovy duck respectively; AS chicks and RIR and VR chicks have alike lymphocyte % and monocyte % respectively with that of one-week local duck; DR chicks and BR and KN chicks have similar monocyte % and heterophil % with that of one-week muscovy duck; AS, BR and KN chicks have similar H/L ratio with that of one-week muscovy duck (Ismoyowati et al. 2012). VR and RIR growers have similar lymphocyte % and H/L ratio with that of 8-10 weeks old Nigerian ducks (Olayemi et al. 2003) and DR and RC growers have similar PCV and MCV values with that of 8-10 weeks old Nigerian local ducks (Oyewale et al. 1998).
KN, NN, RC and VR growers and NN growers have similar Hb and lymphocyte & heterophil count with that of guinea fowl growers (Alli et al. 2011); RC chicks have similar Hb value with that of 1 week old cage-raised Japanese quail mentioned by Aina and Ajibade (2014); RIR and WL chicks have similar MCHC with that of 4 weeks old control group Japanese quail (Akade et al. 2012) and AS, BR, DR, KN and VR growers have similar TEC value with that of 5-7 weeks old Japanese quails (Ali et al. 2012). BR, DR and KN growers, DR, KN, NN, RC and VR growers, RC and WL growers and NN growers have similar TEC, Hb, heterophil and eosinophil value with that of 119 days old B.U.T 6 hybrid turkeys (Lazăr et al. 2012) from Romania; KN and RC growers and AS and BR growers have similar Hb and lymphocyte value with that of 1-10 months old juvenile ostriches from Bostwana (Mushi et al. 1999) and RC and NN chicks have similar MCV and monocyte value with that of 1-day old ostrich chick (Jelena et al. 2007).
RC, VR, KN and NN growers have similar RBC, MCV, MCH and eosinophil values respectively with that of young captive hill mynah (Archawaranon 2005) and NN and RC growers have similarity in eosinophil and lymphocyte percentage with that of young common cranes (Puerta et al. 1990). VR and DR growers have similar TEC and PCV values with that of 5 weeks old juvenile ring-necked pheasants (Schmidt et al. 2007). BR, RC and VR chicks and DR growers have similar TEC with that of 1- and 5-months old pheasants respectively; WL growers have same Hb value with that of 5 months old pheasants; RC chick and DR growers and VR chicks have same PCV, MCH, heterophil and basophil counts with that of 1 month old pheasants reported by Keçeci* and Col (2011). DR and AS chicks have same Hb and MCH with that of nestling bearded vultures mentioned by Hernández and Margalida (2010).
NN, AS and RIR and WL and RC chicks have similar Hb, MCH and MCHC values respectively with that of <4 weeks old houbara bustard chicks and white-bellied bustard chicks. Similarly, RIR and WL chicks have same MCHC with that of 4-8 weeks old white-bellied bustard chicks. Moreover, AS chicks and AS, DR and KN chicks have same MCH and MCHC values with that of 8-12 weeks old rufous-crested bustard chicks and white-bellied bustard chicks. DR growers have similar Hb value with that of 12-16weeks old juvenile houbara bustard and white-bellied bustard. KN, NN, RC and WL growers have same MCHC with that of 16-20 weeks old juvenile white-bellied bustard. WL, RIR and VR growers have same MCH and MCHC values with that of 20-24 weeks old juvenile rufous-crested bustard and white-bellied bustard (Howlett et al. 2002).
Maximum birds from the present study show monocytosis which may be due to some infections or inflammations. Present study reflects eosinophilia in all birds which may be due to inflammatory and allergic reactions in body caused by food, water or environment (Clark et al. 2009). H/L ratio, an indicator of stress level, is also enhanced except, NN and VR chicks. Normally, H/L ratio should be 0.4-0.5 but under stress it goes up. Also, the heterophil count is more than lymphocyte count (Bedáňová et al. 2007), except the above-mentioned birds. These conditions occur when the birds are under some kind of stress or suffering from any physiological or pathological conditions.
The current study reports that erythrocytic and leukocytic parameters change with respect to age and sex among and between nine breeds of chicken though all of them belong to same taxa and comes under same binomial name, Gallus gallus domesticus. The likeliness observed while comparing this work with previous publications might have resulted mostly due to closeness in age, breed, taxonomic position, climate, environment, onset of maturity in case of growers, time of collection of blood or similar farm conditions. Apart from these factors, similarity in erythrocyte indices such as MCH, MCV and MCHC and H/L ratio might have been observed because of following same formula as previous authors while calculating. The matching of observations with many control group birds from previous researches might have occurred because the birds considered in the present study are not subjected to any type of dietary or accommodative experiments. This study may focus on the effect of above parameters on the quality of chicken poultry products and may help future investigators to consider these factors during analysis and interpretation of data. Moreover, genetic studies can reveal where these birds differ from each other and their common ancestor red jungle fowl (RJF) due to which also, the differences in their blood parameters might have occurred.