Ethics approval and consent to participate
Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before study enrolment. The protocol was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the French law for biomedical research. It was approved by the "CPP Ile de France 3" Ethics Committee (Paris, France) and the French Regulatory Authority (ANSM).
Consent for publication
not applicable
Availability of data and material
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
Competing interests
Prof. Pageaux received lecturing fees from Gilead, Abbvie, outside the submitted work
Dr Luzivika Nzinga has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Ganne reports grants from Echosens, personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences, personal fees and non-financial support from Abbvie, non-financial support from MSD, personal fees and non-financial support from Bayer, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Samuel reports other from Astellas, BMS, Gilead, LFB, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Biotest, Abbvie, Intercept, outside the submitted work.
Dr Dorival has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Zoulim reports personal fees from Abbvie, Gilead, during the conduct of the study.
C. Cagnot has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Decaens reports personal fees from Bayer, MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Thabut reports personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Asselah reports grants from ANRS-INSERM, personal fees from ABBVIE, GILEAD, JANSSEN, MSD, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Mathurin reports personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Habersetzer reports personal and travel fees from Abbvie and Gilead, during the conduct of the study.
Prof. Bronowicki reports personal fees from Abbvie, Gilead, MSD, BMS, JANSSEN outside the submitted work.
Prof. Guyader reports personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead sciences, MSD, and Abbbvie, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Janssen, during the conduct of the study.
Dr Rosa has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Leroy reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Abbvie, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from BMS, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead, personal fees and non-financial support from MSD, personal fees from echosens, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Chazouillères reports personal fees from Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Pliant Therapeutics , outside the submitted work.
Prof. De Lédinghen has received consulting and/or lecturing fees from Gilead, AbbVie, Echosens, Intercept Pharma, SuperSonic Imagine, Indivior, Spimaco, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Myr-Pharma.
Dr Bourlière reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Boehringher Ingelheim, personal fees from intercept, personal fees from BMS, outside the submitted work.
Dr Causse reports personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead, Intercept, Janssen, MSD, during the conduct of the study, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Cales has nothing to disclose.
Dr Metivier has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Loustaud-Ratti is a Clinical Investigator/Speaker for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme
Dr Riachi reports personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Dr Alric reports personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Dr Gelu-Simeon reports invitations for medical meeting from Gilead, Abbvie.
Pr. Minello reports personal fees from for Gilead, Abbvie, Intercept, during the conduct of the study, outside the submitted work.
Dr Gournay reports personal fees from Gilead, MSD, Abbvie, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Intercept, outside the submitted work.
Dr Geist has nothing to disclose.
Prof. Tran has nothing to disclose.
Dr Abergel reports personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Intercept, during the conduct of the study, outside the submitted work.
Dr Portal reports personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work.
Dr D’Alteroche reports invitations for medical meeting from Gilead, Abbvie, BMS, MSD and Janssen outside this work.
Prof. Raffi reports personal fees from for Gilead, ViiV, Abbvie, MSD, Janssen during the conduct of the study, outside the submitted work.
G. Haour has nothing to disclose.
Dr. Fontaine reports personal fees and invitations for medical meeting from Gilead, Abbvie, BMS, MSD, Janssen, MSD outside this work.
Prof. Carrat reports grants from INSERM-ANRS, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Imaxio, outside the submitted work.
Prof. Pol received consulting and lecturing fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Gilead, Roche, Biotest, Shinogi, ViiV, MSD and Abbvie, and grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead and MSD.
Funding
The ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort was sponsored by Inserm-ANRS, which contributed to the study design and drafting of the study. The sponsor played no role in data collection, data analysis or data interpretation. The other funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or drafting the study. FC had full access to all data in the study and FC and SP made the final decision to submit the study for publication.
Author’s contribution
GPP, CD, HF, FC, and SP contributed to the study idea and design of the work
GPP, CLN, NG, DS, CD, FZ, TD, DT, TA, PM, FH, JPB, DG, IR, VL, OC, VDL, MB, XC, PC, SM, VLR, GR, LA, MGS, AM, JG, CG, AT, AA, IP, LDA, FR, GH, HF, SP contributed to data acquisition
GPP, CLN, HF, FC, and SP contributed to data analysis and data interpretation
GPP, CLN, HF, FC, and SP wrote the report, and all authors reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content
CLN and FC contributed to the statistical analysis
CLN, CD, CC, HF, FC and SP provided administrative, technical, or material support.
CD, HF, FC, and SP supervised the study
All authors have approved the submitted version and have agreed both to be personally accountable for the author's own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and the resolution documented in the literature.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the study participants and the participating clinicians at each site.
Delphine Bonnet, Virginie Payssan-Sicart, Chloe Pomes (CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France), François Bailly, Marjolaine Beaudoin, Dominique Giboz, Kerstin Hartig-Lavie, Marianne Maynard (Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), Eric Billaud, David Boutoille, Morane Cavellec, Caroline Chevalier (Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France), Isabelle Hubert, Pierre Goepfert, Adrien Lannes, Françoise Lunel, Jérôme Boursier (CHU Angers, Angers, France), Nathalie Boyer, Nathalie Giuily, Corinne Castelnau, Giovanna Scoazec (Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France), Aziza Chibah, Sylvie Keser, Karim Bonardi, Anaïs Vallet-Pichard, Philippe Sogni (Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France), Juliette Foucher, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Amandine Legendre, Faiza Chermak, Marie Irlès-Depé (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, Bordeaux, France), Si Nafa Si Ahmed, Christelle Ansaldi, Nisserine Ben Amara, , Valérie Oules, Jacqueline Dunette (Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France), Rodolphe Anty, Eve Gelsi, Régine Truchi (CHU de Nice, Nice, France), Elena Luckina, Nadia Messaoudi, Joseph Moussali (Hôpital de la Pitié Salptétrière, Paris, France), Barbara De Dieuleveult, Héloïse Goin, Damien Labarrière, Pascal Potier, Si Nafa Si Ahmed (CHR La Source, Orléans, France), Véronique Grando-Lemaire, Pierre Nahon, Séverine Brulé, Rym Monard (Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France), Caroline Jezequel, Audrey Brener, Anne Laligant, Aline Rabot, Isabelle Renard (CHU Rennes, Rennes, France), Thomas F. Baumert, Michel Dofföel, Catherine Mutter, Pauline Simo-Noumbissie, Esma Razi (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France), Hélène Barraud, Mouni Bensenane, Abdelbasset Nani, Sarah Hassani-Nani, Marie-Albertine Bernard (CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France), Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Michael Bismuth, Ludovic Caillo, Stéphanie Faure, Marie Pierre Ripault (Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France), Christophe Bureau, Sarah Launay, Jean Marie Peron, Marie Angèle Robic, Léa Tarallo (CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France), Marine Faure, Bruno Froissart, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Jean-Pierre Zarski (CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France), Odile Goria, Victorien Grard, Hélène Montialoux (CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France), Muriel François, Christian Ouedraogo, Christelle Pauleau, Anne Varault (Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France), Tony Andreani, Bénédicte Angoulevant, Azeline Chevance, Lawrence Serfaty (Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France), Teresa Antonini, Audrey Coilly, Jean-Charles Duclos Vallée, Mariagrazia Tateo (Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France), Corinne Bonny, Chanteranne Brigitte, Géraldine Lamblin, Léon Muti (Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France), Abdenour Babouri, Virginie Filipe (Centre Hospitalier Régional, Metz, France), Camille Barrault, Laurent Costes, Hervé Hagège, Soraya Merbah (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Créteil, France), Paul Carrier, Maryline Debette-Gratien, Jérémie Jacques (CHU Limoges, Limoges, France), Guillaume Lassailly, Florent Artu, Valérie Canva, Sébastien Dharancy, Alexandre Louvet (CHRU Claude Huriez, Lille, France), Marianne Latournerie, Marc Bardou, Thomas Mouillot (Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France), Yannick Bacq, Didier Barbereau, Charlotte Nicolas (CHU Trousseau, 37044 Tours, France), Caroline Chevalier, Isabelle Archambeaud, Sarah Habes (CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France), Nisserine Ben Amara, Danièle Botta-Fridlund (CHU Timone, Marseille, France), Eric Saillard, Marie-Josée Lafrance (CHU de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe).
Carole Cagnot, Alpha Diallo, Lena Wadouachi, Ventzi Petrov-Sanchez (INSERM-ANRS, Paris, France).
Douae Ammour, Loubna Ayour, Jaouad Benhida, Fabrice Carrat (coordinator), Frederic Chau, Céline Dorival, Audrey Gilibert, Isabelle Goderel, Warda Hadi, Clovis Luzivika Nzinga, Grégory Pannetier, François Pinot, Odile Stahl, François Téloulé (Sorbonne Université & INSERM U1136, Paris, France).
We would like to thank Mrs Jackie Butterworth for her help in editing the manuscript.