Table-1. The Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
|
Exclusion Criteria
|
(1) The patient is over 18 years old; (2) The radiological results and clinical symptoms were consistent with the diagnosis of single-segment disc degeneration; (3) Soft disc herniation; (4) The degeneration located in C3-C7;
|
(1) There're spinal protopathy, such as tumor, deformity, and infection; (2) Serious osteoporosis; (3) Rheumatoid arthritis; (4) Ankylosing Spondylitis; (5) Adjacent segment degeneration; (6) Severe narrowing of the degenerative space; (7) Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments; (8) The patient's mental state was unstable and he could not cooperate with the follow-up;
|
Table-2. Modified McAfee's Grading System for Heterotopic Ossification
Grades
|
Descriptions
|
Grade 0
|
No HO present
|
Grade I
|
HO detectable in front of the vertebral body, but not in the anatomic interdiscal space
|
Grade II
|
HO extending into the disc space; possible affection of the function of the prosthesis
|
Grade III
|
Bridging ossifications that still allow movement of the prosthesis
|
Grade IV
|
Complete fusion of the treated segment without movement in flexion/extension
|
*Note: HO, heterotopic ossification
Table-3. Patients’ Characteristics
|
Discover
|
Pretic-I
|
Total
|
P Value
|
Number of Cases
|
32
|
32
|
64
|
( - )
|
Sex (M/F)
|
15:17
|
13:19
|
28:36
|
0.6143
|
Age (Years)
|
42.78±7.38
|
40.43±6.18
|
42.36±7.23
|
0.3023
|
Height (cm)
|
163.88±7.52
|
162.91±9.82
|
163.39±8.76
|
0.6643
|
Weight (kg)
|
65.84±10.48
|
65.29±8.28
|
65.74±10.12
|
0.8561
|
Smoking History (Y/N)
|
16/16
|
14/18
|
30/34
|
0.6164
|
Drinking History (Y/N)
|
19/13
|
13/19
|
32/32
|
0.1336
|
Segment
|
|
|
|
0.6884
|
C3/4
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|
C4/5
|
6
|
3
|
9
|
|
C5/6
|
17
|
17
|
34
|
|
C6/7
|
8
|
11
|
19
|
|
Classification of CDDD
|
|
|
|
0.3672
|
Myelopathy
|
12
|
15
|
27
|
|
Radiculopathy
|
11
|
6
|
17
|
|
Mixed-type
|
9
|
11
|
20
|
|
Follow-up Period (Months)
|
57.22±4.76
|
58.28±5.57
|
57.75±5.21
|
0.4225
|
*Note: CDDD, cervical disc degenerative disease; M, male; F, female; Y, yes; N, no.
Table-4. The Results of Perioperative Parameters
|
Discover (n=32)
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
P Value
|
Intrao-perative Blood Loss (mm)
|
28.59±16.07
|
25.16±13.89
|
0.3710
|
Operation Time (min)
|
116.09±9.25
|
115.16±8.05
|
0.6718
|
Off-bed Time (day)
|
1.28±0.45
|
1.19±0.46
|
0.4220
|
Off-hospital Time (day)
|
7.53±1.17
|
7.38±1.22
|
0.6087
|
Back-to-society Time (day)
|
20.94±5.07
|
20.63±5.83
|
0.8225
|
Table-5. Clinical Recovery of the Final Follow-up
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
Final Follow-up
|
Recovery Rate
|
P Value
|
Statistical Power
|
|
|
VAS-neck
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.75±2.21
|
0.22±0.41
|
93.51±12.61%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.69±1.89
|
0.19±0.39
|
95.53±7.56%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
VAS-arm
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.41±2.42
|
0.41±0.55
|
85.88±26.31%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.59±2.09
|
0.38±0.48
|
89.60±16.20%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
NDI
|
Discover (n=32)
|
24.56±9.53
|
5.63±2.46
|
76.07±8.48%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
23.16±8.96
|
5.38±2.38
|
75.97±8.74%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
JOA
|
Discover (n=21)
|
8.14±1.61
|
16.29±0.76
|
91.24±10.17%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
Pretic-I (n=26)
|
8.58±1.71
|
16.04±0.81
|
87.50±13.32%
|
<0.0001
|
100.00%
|
|
*Note: VAS, visual analog score; NDI, neck disability index; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score
Table-6. Follow-up Results of Clinical Parameters
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
3 Months
|
12 Months
|
Final Follow-up
|
VAS-neck
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.75±2.21
|
p=0.9052
|
0.75±0.66
|
p=0.7325
|
0.38±0.54
|
p=0.6477
|
0.22±0.41
|
p=0.7606
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.69±1.89
|
0.69±0.77
|
0.31±0.53
|
0.19±0.39
|
VAS-arm
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.41±2.42
|
p=0.7453
|
0.72±0.76
|
p=0.7565
|
0.66±0.73
|
p=0.7402
|
0.41±0.55
|
p=0.8133
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.59±2.09
|
0.78±0.82
|
0.59±0.74
|
0.38±0.48
|
NDI
|
Discover (n=32)
|
24.56±9.53
|
p=0.5516
|
11.09±5.44
|
p=0.7609
|
8.06±3.58
|
p=0.3127
|
5.63±2.46
|
p=0.6857
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
23.16±8.96
|
10.72±4.13
|
7.13±3.67
|
5.38±2.38
|
JOA
|
Discover (n=21)
|
8.14±1.61
|
p=0.3903
|
13.90±1.11
|
p=0.0327* SP=54.73%
|
15.14±0.71
|
p=0.8445
|
16.29±0.76
|
p=0.3015
|
Pretic-I (n=26)
|
8.58±1.71
|
13.04±1.45
|
15.08±1.36
|
16.04±0.81
|
*Note: VAS, visual analog score; NDI, neck disability index; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score; SP, statistical power
Table-7. Radiological Changes of the Final Follow-up
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
1 Week
|
Final Follow-up
|
P Value
|
Statistical Power
|
|
|
Shell Angle (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.75±3.42
|
0.09±4.44
|
0.1820
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
3.03±3.68
|
2.23±4.10
|
0.1988
|
( - )
|
|
C2-7 Cobb Angle (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
12.05±12.17
|
( - )
|
19.32±9.32
|
0.0104*
|
98.20%
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
15.08±11.75
|
( - )
|
18.00±10.61
|
0.3079
|
( - )
|
|
C2-7 ROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
32.63±8.86
|
( - )
|
31.49±9.37
|
0.6258
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
34.01±11.42
|
( - )
|
33.35±8.77
|
0.7993
|
( - )
|
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
18.94±8.19
|
( - )
|
19.13±10.19
|
0.9366
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
18.47±9.07
|
( - )
|
19.95±8.60
|
0.5125
|
( - )
|
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
51.57±12.36
|
( - )
|
50.62±10.39
|
0.7449
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
52.48±14.31
|
( - )
|
53.30±11.71
|
0.8062
|
( - )
|
|
FSU ROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
7.04±4.02
|
( - )
|
6.18±3.76
|
0.3856
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
8.35±3.88
|
( - )
|
6.60±4.14
|
0.0919
|
( - )
|
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
4.83±3.91
|
( - )
|
4.19±2.84
|
0.4580
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.85±2.65
|
( - )
|
4.12±2.93
|
0.7035
|
( - )
|
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
11.07±5.36
|
( - )
|
10.36±4.79
|
0.5870
|
( - )
|
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
12.20±4.52
|
( - )
|
10.73±4.45
|
0.2002
|
( - )
|
|
*Note: ROM, range of motion; FSU, functional segment unit; ( - ), without valid data
Table-8. Follow-up Results of Radiological Parameters
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
1 Week
|
3 Months
|
12 Months
|
Final Follow-up
|
Shell Angle (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.75±3.42
|
p=0.0141* SP=71.48%
|
0.91±3.80
|
p=0.0811
|
0.51±4.30
|
p=0.0863
|
0.09±4.44
|
p=0.0529
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
3.03±3.68
|
2.64±3.85
|
2.35±3.99
|
2.23±4.10
|
C2-7 Cobb Angle (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
12.05±12.17
|
p=0.3223
|
16.47±9.46
|
p=0.5947
|
17.11±10.26
|
p=0.5805
|
16.39±9.76
|
p=0.8763
|
19.32±9.32
|
p=0.6043
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
15.08±11.75
|
17.84±10.62
|
15.47±12.83
|
16.82±11.83
|
18.00±10.61
|
C2-7 ROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
32.63±8.86
|
p=0.5973
|
23.44±10.48
|
p=0.9865
|
32.48±8.17
|
p=0.2451
|
32.29±10.74
|
p=0.7345
|
31.49±9.37
|
p=0.4245
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
34.01±11.42
|
23.48±10.97
|
29.41±12.08
|
33.18±9.71
|
33.35±8.77
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
18.94±8.19
|
p=0.8321
|
12.80±7.06
|
p=0.4442
|
17.01±11.08
|
p=0.4040
|
22.49±11.61
|
p=0.1712
|
19.13±10.19
|
p=0.7320
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
18.47±9.07
|
11.55±5.66
|
19.28±10.21
|
18.47±11.25
|
19.95±8.60
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
51.57±12.36
|
p=0.7892
|
36.24±12.67
|
p=0.6772
|
49.49±12.65
|
p=0.8173
|
54.78±13.71
|
p=0.3593
|
50.62±10.39
|
p=0.3447
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
52.48±14.31
|
35.03±9.84
|
48.69±14.44
|
51.64±13.00
|
53.30±11.71
|
FSU ROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
7.04±4.02
|
p=0.1964
|
5.60±3.74
|
p=0.8755
|
6.97±3.52
|
p=0.3079
|
7.11±3.24
|
p=0.5085
|
6.18±3.76
|
p=0.6706
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
8.35±3.88
|
5.45±3.61
|
6.09±3.25
|
6.55±3.29
|
6.60±4.14
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
4.83±3.91
|
p=0.2512
|
4.32±2.90
|
p=0.3818
|
4.51±3.98
|
p=0.7049
|
4.68±4.03
|
p=0.7688
|
4.19±2.84
|
p=0.9319
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.85±2.65
|
3.70±2.64
|
4.24±2.84
|
4.40±3.30
|
4.12±2.93
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
11.07±5.36
|
p=0.3702
|
9.92±4.62
|
p=0.4755
|
11.48±4.41
|
p=0.2711
|
11.78±5.51
|
p=0.5389
|
10.36±4.79
|
p=0.7560
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
12.20±4.52
|
9.15±3.76
|
10.33±3.70
|
10.95±5.03
|
10.73±4.45
|
*Note: ROM, range of motion; FSU, functional segment unit; SP, statistical power; ( - ), without valid data
Table-9. Range of Motion of Adjacent Segments
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
1 Week
|
3 Months
|
12 Months
|
Final Follow-up
|
FSU ROM of Upper Adjacent Segment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.20±4.24
|
p=0.5677
|
6.12±4.11
|
p=0.0995
|
8.30±4.53
|
p=0.0773
|
6.86±3.56
|
p=0.7426
|
7.26±4.06
|
p=0.8000
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
6.79±3.87
|
4.49±3.51
|
6.50±3.26
|
7.16±3.63
|
7.54±4.38
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.24±4.71
|
p=0.2225
|
4.24±2.83
|
p=0.2645
|
4.47±3.59
|
p=0.3364
|
5.70±3.70
|
p=0.4936
|
4.81±3.63
|
p=0.8942
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
4.99±3.05
|
3.53±2.05
|
5.32±3.34
|
5.08±3.33
|
4.92±3.12
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
12.43±6.10
|
p=0.6463
|
10.35±4.69
|
p=0.0283* SP=61.27%
|
12.77±5.26
|
p=0.4475
|
12.56±5.69
|
p=0.8134
|
12.07±5.29
|
p=0.7703
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
11.78±4.92
|
8.02±3.37
|
11.82±4.44
|
12.24±4.71
|
12.46±3.12
|
FSU ROM of Lower Adjacent Segment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
7.68±3.41
|
p=0.7073
|
5.30±2.83
|
p=0.7325
|
6.83±3.14
|
p=0.9586
|
7.46±2.84
|
p=0.2210
|
7.02±3.64
|
p=0.2734
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
8.14±5.82
|
5.53±2.32
|
6.79±3.28
|
6.45±3.54
|
6.15±2.42
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
4.19±3.59
|
p=0.3486
|
2.81±2.06
|
p=0.5358
|
3.98±3.18
|
p=0.3345
|
3.99±3.38
|
p=0.8579
|
3.75±2.76
|
p=0.5008
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.46±2.41
|
3.13±1.98
|
3.32±2.06
|
4.12±2.33
|
4.21±2.61
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
11.87±4.92
|
p=0.8473
|
8.11±3.12
|
p=0.4517
|
10.81±3.77
|
p=0.4610
|
11.45±4.45
|
p=0.4357
|
10.77±4.22
|
p=0.6916
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
11.59±6.06
|
8.65±2.51
|
10.11±3.71
|
10.58±4.32
|
10.37±3.75
|
*Note: ROM, range of motion; FSU, functional segment unit; SP, statistical power
Table-10. Changes in Range of Motion of Adjacent Segments of the Final Follow-up
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
Final Follow-up
|
P Value
|
Statistical Power
|
FSU ROM of Upper Adjacent Segment
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.20±4.24
|
7.26±4.06
|
0.2693
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
6.79±3.87
|
7.54±4.38
|
0.4141
|
( - )
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.24±4.71
|
4.81±3.63
|
0.0614
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
4.99±3.05
|
4.92±3.12
|
0.9225
|
( - )
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
12.43±6.10
|
12.07±5.29
|
0.7524
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
11.78±4.92
|
12.46±3.12
|
0.4892
|
( - )
|
FSU ROM of Lower Adjacent Segment
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
7.68±3.41
|
7.02±3.64
|
0.3737
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
8.14±5.82
|
6.15±2.42
|
0.0449*
|
75.50%
|
Extension ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
4.19±3.59
|
3.75±2.76
|
0.4143
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.46±2.41
|
4.21±2.61
|
0.1973
|
( - )
|
Total ROM (°)
|
Discover (n=32)
|
11.87±4.92
|
10.77±4.22
|
0.1007
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
11.59±6.06
|
10.37±3.75
|
0.1705
|
( - )
|
*Note: ROM, range of motion; FSU, functional segment unit; ( - ), without valid data
Table-11. Evaluation of Adjacent Segment Disease
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
1 Week
|
3 Months
|
12 Months
|
Final Follow-up
|
Incidence of ASDeg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intervertebral Space Narrowing>25%
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=0.3135
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.3911
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
New/Enlarged Osteophytes
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.1508
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
p=0.4911
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
p=0.3135
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
p=0.7192
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
New Disc Herniation
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=0.6414
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
p=0.7404
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
12.50%(5/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
Endplate Sclerosis
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=0.3017
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
p=0.3135
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
Anterior/Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Calcification
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=0.6414
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
Incidence of ASDis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
p=0.7192
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
Total Incidence of ASD
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upper Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
p=0.4479
|
21.88%(7/32)
|
p=0.7560
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
Lower Segment
|
Discover (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
p=0.7404
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
*Note: ASD, adjacent segment disease; ( - ), without valid data
Table-12. Incidence of Complications
Items
|
Groups
|
Pre-operative
|
1 Week
|
3 Months
|
12 Months
|
Final Follow-up
|
HO
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grade I
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=0.6414
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
Grade II
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
15.63%(5/32)
|
p=0.7404
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
Grade III
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
p=0.2807
|
21.88%(7/32)
|
p=0.0722
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
Grade IV
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
p=0.3911
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
Grade III+IV
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
18.75%(6/32)
|
p=0.2807
|
34.38%(11/32)
|
p=0.0389* SP=95.36%
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
Total
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
34.38%(11/32)
|
p=0.2661
|
65.63%(21/32)
|
p=0.1306
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
21.88%(7/32)
|
46.88%(15/32)
|
Subsidence
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
p=0.3107
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
p=0.1623
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
Displacement
|
Discover (n=32)
|
( - )
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
6.25%(2/32)
|
p=0.5543
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
Dysphagia
|
Discover (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
12.50%(4/32)
|
p=0.6888
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
p=1.0000
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
( - )
|
Pretic-I (n=32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
9.38%(3/32)
|
3.13%(1/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
0.00%(0/32)
|
*Note: HO, heterotopic ossification; ( - ), without valid data