Waste tea residue adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation for improvement of copper and nickel ions removal from simulated wastewater

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-746126/v1

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Waste tea residue adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation for improvement of copper and nickel ions removal from simulated wastewater

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-746126/v1

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The present research deals with the removal of copper and nickel ions from synthesized wastewater by using simple, cheap, cost-effective and sustainable activated green waste tea residue (AGWTR) adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation (ADS/EC) process in presence of iron electrode. Considering previous studies, their adsorbents used for treating their wastewaters firstly activate them by applying either chemicals or activating agents. Our adsorbent was prepared without applying neither chemicals nor any activating agents. The operating parameters of both metals were optimized: pH (4.0), hydraulic retention time (HRT = 30 min), adsorbent dose (1 mg.L^− 1), initial concentration (20 mg.L^− 1) and Fe-Fe electrode was found to be better with compared to the other electrodes with a current density of 1.19 mA/cm². In the process of ADS/EC, The removal efficiency was obtained as 100% for copper and 99.99% for nickel ions. After the ADS/EC process, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS analysis were used to characterize the adsorbent green waste tea residue. The results showed seven clear peaks of functional groups that were detected in the range of 1000–4000 cm^− 1, the rough-stone-like with various larger holes and higher amounts of carbon containing traces of different elements, respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model results showed that the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order were well-fitted to the adsorption experimental data better than the Freundlich and pseudo-first-order models for both Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ with their maximum adsorption capacity of 15.6 and 15.9 mg.g^− 1, respectively. These indicate that the dominant adsorption occurs in a monolayer of homogeneous adsorbent surfaces on AGWTR and its kinetic mechanism belongs to chemical adsorption. Based on the above results, it is well understood that the use of the ADS coupled with EC technique is the cheapest compared with single ADS and EC technique for heavy metal removal due to remarkable low adsorption dose, energy consumption and also it is a suitable technique for developind countries. Therefore, the AGWTR shows the greatest potential to improve the quality of water contaminated with different heavy metals in the environment.

Environmental Chemistry

Toxicology

Heavy metals

green waste tea residue

iron electrode

ADS coupled EC

operating cost

Environmental remediation

Table 1.

Cu²⁺ ions						Ni²⁺ions
Isotherm studies
Langmuir isotherm			Freundlich isotherm			Langmuir isotherm			Freundlich isotherm
q_m(mg/g)	K_L(L/mg)	R²	K_f	n	R²	q_m(mg/g)	K_L(L/mg)	R²	K_f	n	R²
15.6	0.4	0.997	0.15	0.8	0.912	15.9	0.4	0.996	0.2	1.02	0.944
Kinetic studies
Pseudo-first order			Pseudo- second order			Pseudo-first order			Pseudo- second order
(mg g^-1)	K₁ (gm. g^-1min^-1)	R²	(mg g^-1)	K₂ (mg. g^-1min^-1)	R²	(mg g^-1)	K₁ (gm. g^-1min^-1)	R²	(mg g^-1)	K₂ (gm. g^-1min^-1)	R²
1.0392	1x10^-4	0.945	0.0542	7.613	0.991	0.9770	3.06x10^-4	0.926	0.0247	9.304	0.946

Table 3.

Biomass/ waste name	Activated agent	Created as adsorbent	Adsorbate	Max.adsorption capacity (mg.g^-1)	Reference
Green waste tea residue	No any activating agent	Without activation	Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺	15.6 and 15.9	Present work
Hickory wood and peanut hull	KOH and H₃PO₄	Activated	VOCs	50.57-159.6 15.9-25.36	(Zhang et al., 2019)
Olive stones	H₂SO₄	Activated	Diclofenac	8.79	(Larous & Meniai, 2016)
Pistachio shell	Fe₃O₄ NPs@AC@SO3H	Activated	Pb(II), As(III) and Cd(III)	147.05, 151.51 and 119.04	(Nejadshafiee & Islami, 2019)
Walnut shells	HCl	activated	Sulfamethoxazole	0.59	(Teixeira et al., 2012)
Corn shell	AC and Fe-AC	Activated	Methylene Blue	330.0 and 357.1	(Altıntıg et al., 2017)
Vegetable wastes	HCl	Activated	Paracetamol	2.18	(Villaescusa et al., 2011)
Orange peel	NaOH and KOH	Activated	Malachite green dye	28.5	(Lam et al., 2017)
Papermill sludge	HCl	Activated	Citalopram	6.7	(Calisto et al., 2019)
Coffee, eucalyptus, soybean oil	Ca(OH)₂	Activated	17β-Estradiol and 17β-Ethinylestradiol	7.58-7.88	(Rovani et al., 2014)
Coconut shell	HNO₃ and H₂SO₄	Activated	Quinoline	56.63	(de Oliveira Ferreira et al., 2019)
Miswak	H₂SO₄	Activated	Acid Violet 17 dye	74.28-141.3	(Jain et al., 2019)

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Waste tea residue adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation for improvement of copper and nickel ions removal from simulated wastewater

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