1 | David et al.2015 | Male,51 | Fever, chills, confusion herpes zoster, lethargic disoriented | CSF, anti-VZV IgG(+) | 2 weeks | Bilateral gray-white matter | acyclovir Dexamethasone | Complete recovery(0) |
2 | Jeroen et al.2014 | Male,72 | Herpes zoster, cognitive abnormalities, the left-sided facial paresis, difficulty retrieving some words, | CSF, PCR VZV(+) | 6 weeks | Right internal capsule | Acyclovir | Paresis of the left arm and left-sided facial paresis(1) |
3 | Tiago et al.2014 | Male,72 | Headache, anorexia, nausea, zoster, memory deficit, incoherent speech | CSF, PCR VZV(+) | 11 days | Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy | Prednisolone Acyclovir | Not reported |
4 | Francisco et al.2014 | Male,26 | Zoster, VZV meningitis | CSF, PCR VZV(+) | 4 months | Right occipital lobe | Not reported | Not reported |
5 | Francesca et al.2014 | Female,67 | Rash, left peripheral facial palsy, gait instability, cerebellar ataxia | CSF,PCR(+)and anti-VZV IgG in CSF | 2 weeks | Left pons, left midbrain, right periventricular area | Acyclovir Carbamazepine | Complete recovery(0) |
6 | Brian et al.2012 | Male,69 | Vision loss, word-finding difficulties, dysarthria, short-term memory loss, ataxia, dizziness ,expressive language difficulties, unable to identify any elements of date or location | CSF, anti-VZV IgG (+) | No history of zoster experienced | Left corona radiata, basal ganglia ,right basal ganglia, both thalam, periventricular white matter, right superior cerebellum | Cyclophosphamide Rednisone; Acyclovir | Complete recovery(0) |
7 | Yu-Miyazaki et al.2008 | Male,66 | Headache, fever, and altered mental status, zoster rash consciousness and stiff neck | CSF,VZV-IgG antibody and VZV-DNA (+) | Not reported | Brainstem, vermis of cerebellum and cerebral white matter | Acyclovir Methylprednisolone | Death |
8 | O.Outteryck et al.2004 | Male,57 | Fever, headache, abnormal behavior, mental retardation | CSF ,PCR VZV (+) | Not reported | Amygdala, cerebellum, brainstem, deep white matter | Acyclovir | Death |
9 | Manuel et al.2002 | Female,68 | Mental retardation, difficulty walking, right hemiplegia, aphasia, rash | CSF ,PCR VZV (+) | Not reported | Left internal capsule | Acyclovir | Death |
10 | Nasir et al.2003 | Male,52 | Chicken pox, headache, nausea, vomit, and photophobia, confusion | CSF, viral culture VZV(+) | 5 weeks | Left frontal, left parietal, right medial temporal, and right occipital lobes | Ceftriaxone Methylprednisolone Acyclovir | Right-side hemiparesis persisted(2) |
11 | John et al.2012 | Male,50 | Chicken pox, seizure and coma, rash, deeply comatose | CSF ,PCR VZV (+) | 4 days | Posterolateral medulla | Levetiracetam Acyclovir Prednisone | Awake and oriented with significant psychomotor slowing and persistent quadriparesis(4) |
12 | Mckelvie et al.2002 | Female,67 | Nausea, tiredness, hyperaesthesia, fever, disorientation to time, place, verbal response. | CSF,PCR VZV (+) | 2 weeks | Bilateral cerebellum | Dexamethasone Acyclovir | Death |
13 | Katchanov et al.2010 | Male,36 | Locked-in syndrome | CSF, ,PCR VZV (+) | Not reported | Bilateral pons and midbrain | Acylovir, Methylprednisolone | Severe (5) |
14 | Katchanov et al.2010 | Male,32 | Global aphasia, right hemiplegia | CSF, VZV-IgG antibody(+) | Not reported | Left MCA territory, left PCA territory | Acylovir, Methylprednisolone | Severe (5) |
15 | Gilden et al.2002 | Male,71 | Zoster, headache, mild confusion, foot numbness, unsteady gait, difficulty finding words, numbness of the left hand, weakness of the left leg | CSF, VZV-IgG antibody(+) | 4 weeks | Right pericallosal, occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery on the right side and stenosis on the left side | Acyclovir | Complete recovery(0) |
16 | Gilden et al.2002 | Male,76 | Zoster, headache, lost all vision in the left eye | CSF, VZV-IgG antibody(+) | 7 months | Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy | Acyclovir | Complete recovery(0) |
17 | Richard et al.2011 | Male,80 | zoster, sudden painless loss of vision in the left eye | CSF, VZV-IgG and VZV-IgM antibody(+) | One month | Occlusion of the left ophthalmic artery | Methylprednisolone, Prednisone Acyclovir | Visual acuity had improved to 20/50(2) |
18 | Andreas et al.2002 | Male,28 | HIV+,HCV+, progressive dizziness, left-side weakness | CSF, VZV DNA and IgG antibody(+) | Not reported | Right occipitotemporal, parieto-occipital cortices | Acyclovir | Complete recovery(0) |
19 | Andrew et al.2003 | Female,51 | Confusion, disorientation, vertigo, decreased right hearing, right-sided clumsiness left leg weakness, seizure, | CSF, VZV IgG antibody(+) | Not reported | Right facial nerve, brainstem, thalamus, caudate nucleus, internal capsule, left temporal lobe,parietal and occipital lobes, hippocampus, insula, periventricular white matter | Acyclovir Methylprednisolone | Decreased arousal, spastic quadriparesis, severe dysphagia, tracheostomy dependence(5) |
20 | Takeshi et al.2006 | Male,36 | HIV+, fever, convulsions, herpes zoster, neck stiffness | CSF, VZV DNA and IgG antibody(+) Serum, VZV IgG antibody(+) | 9 days | A stenotic lesion in the left middle cerebral artery, higher-intensity perivascular areas within subcortical regions | Acyclovir Prednisolone | Complete recovery(0) |
21 | Deepti et al.2012 | Female,48 | HIV+, rash, headache, vomit, numbness of the left half of the face and right arm | CSF, IgG antibody(+) | 7 days | Left lateral medullary | Aspirin Acyclovir Prednisone | Complete recovery(0) |
22 | Gustavo et al.2008 | Female,24 | HIV+, rash, left peripheral facial palsy, headache and mild left sided weakness, dysarthria, and dysphagia | CSF, VZV DNA(+) | 2 weeks | Acute ischemic pontine infarction MRA: multiple areas of narrowing and beading in posterior and anterior circulation DSA: segmental caliber narrowing in distal vertebral arteries and basilar artery. Similar changes were seen in distal left internal carotid artery (ICA), proximal left middle cerebral artery, and proximal left anterior cerebral artery | Acyclovir Methylprednisolone | Complete recovery(0) |
23 | Kalita et al.2004 | Male,27 | Herpes zoster, numbness on his left arm and face, left hemiplegia | CSF, IgG and IgM antibody(+) | 3 months | Right middle cerebral arterial territory, complete occlusion of the right MCA | Acyclovir | Complete recovery(0) |
24 | Jyotsna et al.2011 | Male,35 | HIV+, left-sided body weakness and slurred speech | CSF, VZV DNA(+) | Not reported | An acute right basal ganglia infarct Bilateral carotid arteries revealed occlusion | Acyclovir | Minimal residual weakness(1) |
25 | Eleonora et al.2008 | Female,85 | Headache, mild hyperthermia, confusion and seizures | CSF, VZV DNA and IgG antibody(+) | Not reported | Right superior temporal gyrus, left paramedian parieto-occipital cortex | Acyclovir Methylprednisolone | Death |