Biosorption As A Perfect Technique for Purification of Wastewater Contaminated With Ammonia

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-815231/v1

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Biosorption As A Perfect Technique for Purification of Wastewater Contaminated With Ammonia

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-815231/v1

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Eichhornia Crassipes root powder (ECRP) has been used to remove ammonia from aqueous solutions. The biosorption factors such as biosorbent dosage, pH, initial ammonia concentration, and contact time have been considered in batch conditions. The optimal conditions, at pH (6), sorbent dose 5 g/l, time (30 min) ammonia concentration (10 mg/l). Langmuir is better suited than Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic models: Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adm were applied. These models showed that; the adsorption capacity decreased with flow rate increases as follows: (32.57, 31.82, 31.25, and 30.17 mg/gm) respectively at a flow rate (10, 15, 20, and 25 ml/min). The roots powder of Eichhornia Crassipes was used to treat specific drainage wastewater obtained from the Sabal drain at Menoufia, Egypt. The average efficiency of ammonia removal was 87% per batch adsorption method at pH value = 7.5, sorbent dose 5 g/L, uptake period (30 minutes), and primary load 7.1 mg/l; however, ammonia removal by column continuous adsorption method exceeded 94 %. In addition, (ECRP) has been shown to be efficient in removing arsenic, sulfate, nitrates, nitrite, silica, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lead from actual sewage wastewater, in addition to removing more than 75 % COD.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Biosorption Process

Waste Management Process

Batch Adsorption Study

Wastewater Effluents

Modeling Accuracy

Table (1): The summary of reports on ammonium ions removal by adsorption method

References	Removal %	Maximum Adsorption Capacity (mg/g)	Biosorbent
23	-	1.8	Posidoniaoceanica (L.) fibers
24	95	88	Activated sludge
25	91.3	-	Microbacterium sp.
26	97.5	-	Supported Pt catalysts
28	99	-	Ozone
29	70	0.3	Macro-algae
30	45	-	GAC-sand dualmedia filter
31	98.5	-	Novel acryl biofilm carrier material
32	99	-	Ammonia volatilization
33	-	1.8	Activated carbon
34	82.1	-	Modified chitosan
35	-	24	Zeolite synthesized from fly ash
36	-	1.7	Saw dust

Table (2): Langmuir constants for the sorption of NH₃ onto ECRP

Slope	Intercept	q_m	K_L	R_L	R²
0.713	0.140	1.40	5.09	0.019 - 0.089	0.990

Table (3): Freundlich constants for the sorption of ammonia onto ECRP

Slope	Intercept	n	Lin K_F	K_F	R²
0.165	0.084	6.061	0.084	1.088	0.935

Table (4): Thomas model parameters:

Flow Rate	K_Th	Q_max	R²
10	0.0035	32.7	0.987
15	0.0026	32.1	0.965
20	0.0032	31.3	0.946
25	0.0029	29. 7	0.921

Table (5): Yoon and Nelson model parameters:

t_0.5mg/l	R²	K_YN	Flow Rate
64.2	0.987	0.0356	10
42.8	0.965	0.0264	15
31.2	0.946	0.0321	20
29.8	0.902	0.0371	25

Table (6): The Bohart-Adam model parameters:

N₀mg/l	R²	K_AB	Flow rate
8.5	0.975	0.0024	10
12.7	0.974	0.0017	15
12.8	0.947	0.0020	20
18.3	0.916	0.0021	25

Table (7): Drainage wastewater characterization before and after treatment using ECP by basin adsorption method

permissible limits	Removal%	Treated wastewater	Raw wastewater	Unit	Parameter
7 - 8.5	-	7.36	7.55	-	pH
> 30	75.2	89	358	mg/L	COD
> 20	57	72.6	169	mg/L	BOD
> 500	97.9	17.8	880	mg/L	TDS
-	95.8	10.75	260	mg/L	Chloride (Cl^- )
> 200	82.8	25.00	146	mg/L	Sulphate (SO₄^2- )
> 0.5	87	0.9	7.1	mg/L	Ammonia
> 45	93	1.1	20.8	mg/L	Nitrates (NO₃^-)
> 0.4	95	0.02	0.4	mg/L	Nitrite (NO₂)
> 1	12.5	1.4	1.6	mg/L	Phosphate (PO₄^3-)
-	20	0.4	0.5	mg/L	Silica (SiO₂)
> 1	42	3.0	5.2	mg/L	Iron as (Fe³⁺)
> 0.5	60.8	0.09	0.23	mg/L	Manganese (Mn²⁺)
> 0.2	23	0.20	0.26	mg/L	Copper (Cu²⁺)
> 1.5	20	0.04	0.05	mg/L	Zinc (Zn²⁺)
> 1	0	0.02	0.02	mg/L	Fluoride
> 1.5	30	0.07	0.10	mg/L	Aluminum
0	50	0.05	0.10	mg/L	Lead

Table (8): Drainage wastewater characterization before and after treatment using ECP by column adsorption method

permissible limits	Removal%	Treated wastewater	Raw wastewater	Unit	Parameter
7 - 8.5	-	7.52	7.58	-	pH
> 30	80.3	74.2	377	mg/L	COD
> 20	65	56.7	162	mg/L	BOD
> 500	98.5	12.7	863	mg/L	TDS
-	96.5	15.3	447	mg/L	Chloride (Cl^-)
> 200	83.5	25.00	152	mg/L	Sulphate (SO₄^2- )
> 0.5	94.1	0.37	6.3	mg/L	Ammonia
> 45	95.1	1.2	24.5	mg/L	Nitrates (NO₃^-)
> 0.4	96.6	0.02	0.6	mg/L	Nitrite (NO₂)
> 1	66.6	0.2	0.6	mg/L	Phosphate (PO₄^3-)
-	47.3	3	5.7	mg/L	Silica (SiO₂)
> 1	58.3	0.1	0.24	mg/L	Iron as (Fe³⁺)
> 0.5	54.5	0.1	0.22	mg/L	Manganese (Mn²⁺)
> 0.2	30	0.07	0.1	mg/L	Copper (Cu²⁺)
> 1.5	50	0.1	0.2	mg/L	Zinc (Zn²⁺)
> 1	0	0.01	0.01	mg/L	Fluoride
> 1.5	50	0.05	0.10	mg/L	Aluminum
0	75	0.01	0.04	mg/L	Lead

Table (9): Construction cost of treatment plant of basin method

Total price (L.E.)	Equipment
47000	2 basin (30 m³) Stainless steal
8000	Pump (10 hp)
9000	Stirrer (5 hp)
2000	Connections and welding
66000	Total construction cost
10 years	shelf life
240 m³/day	Treated water
66000 / 876000 = 0.08	Cost /m³

Table (10): running cost of treatment plant of basin method with ECP dose 5 kg/m³ of treated water:

	Total price (L.E.)/m³
Energy	2
Materials	2
worker	1
Cloth micro-filter	1
Maintenance	0.5
Cost/m³	6.50
Total cost/m³	6.58 LE

Table (11): Construction cost of only one adsorption column

Total price (L.E.)	Equipment
22000	Cylindrical stainless-steel column (30.77 m³)
8000	Pump (10 hp)
4000	Connections and welding
34000	Total construction cost
10 years	shelf life
240 m³/day	Treated water
34000 / 876000 = 0.04	Cost /m³

Table (12): running cost of adsorption column:

	Total price (L.E.)/m³
Energy	2
Materials	6
worker	0.5
Transportation	0.5
Cloth micro-filter	1
Maintenance	0.5
Cost/m³	10.50
Total cost/m³	10.54 L.E.

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Reviews received at journal
12 Sep, 2021
Reviewers invited by journal
20 Aug, 2021
Editor invited by journal
18 Aug, 2021
First submitted to journal
14 Aug, 2021

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Biosorption As A Perfect Technique for Purification of Wastewater Contaminated With Ammonia

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