The cohort consisted of 47,182 kidney transplants from 3,872 AA and 19,719 EA DDs. Tables 1 and 2 display distributions of demographic variables for donors and recipients, respectively. Data are presented as median (Q1, Q3) for continuous and N (%) for categorical variables. All comparisons in these Tables were statistically significant (p < 0.0001).
Table 1
Demographic data for 23,591 deceased-donors (3,872 African Americans and 19,719 European Americans)
Variable | All | AA donors | EA donors | P-value |
N | Median (Q1, Q3), % | N | Median (Q1, Q3), % | N | Median (Q1, Q3), % |
Female, % | 23591 | 40.0 | 3872 | 35.4 | 19719 | 40.9 | < 0.0001 |
Age, years | 23591 | 40.0 (27.0, 51.0) | 3872 | 35.0 (24.0, 47.0) | 19719 | 41.0 (28.0, 51.0) | < 0.0001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 20869 | 25.7 (22.7, 29.8) | 3529 | 25.8 (22.8, 30.1) | 17340 | 25.7 (22.7, 29.8) | 0.05 |
Cardiac death, % | 19499 | 9.7 | 3343 | 4.1 | 16156 | 10.8 | < 0.0001 |
ECD, % | 23591 | 14.0 | 3872 | 12.0 | 19719 | 14.4 | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, % | 23591 | 21.4 | 3872 | 26.8 | 19719 | 20.3 | < 0.0001 |
Kidney Donor Risk Index (KDRI) | 19395 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | 3326 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 16069 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | < 0.0001 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 19423 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 3329 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 16094 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | < 0.0001 |
Cold ischemia time, hours | 22327 | 16.0 (11.0, 22.9) | 3633 | 16.0 (10.2, 22.0) | 18694 | 16.1(11.0, 23.0) | < 0.0001 |
Transplant era | | < 0.0001 |
Before 2001 | 23591 | 37.8 | 3872 | 31.8 | 19719 | 38.9 |
2001–2005 | 23591 | 17.6 | 3872 | 17.7 | 19719 | 17.6 |
2005–2010 | 23591 | 21.3 | 3872 | 23.2 | 19719 | 20.9 |
After 2010 | 23591 | 23.3 | 3872 | 27.2 | 19719 | 22.6 |
Diabetes, % | 23591 | 4.5 | 3872 | 5.2 | 19719 | 4.3 | 0.01 |
CMV, % | 23561 | 59.3 | 3869 | 75.3 | 19692 | 56.2 | < 0.0001 |
HCV, % | 19474 | 2.7 | 3343 | 1.8 | 16131 | 2.7 | 0.002 |
Alcohol use, % | 23591 | 18.0 | 3872 | 15.9 | 19719 | 18.4 | 0.0001 |
Smoking, % | 8773 | 67.8 | 1152 | 60.3 | 7621 | 68.9 | < 0.0001 |
Cocaine use, % | 2444 | 44.4 | 444 | 59.7 | 2000 | 41.0 | < 0.0001 |
Other drug, % | 9298 | 43.5 | 1544 | 52.5 | 7754 | 41.7 | < 0.0001 |
Data presented as median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables. |
EA: European American; AA: African American; BMI: body mass index; ECD: extended-criteria donor; CMV: cytomegalovirus; HCV: hepatitis C virus antibody positive |
Table 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients
Variable | All | EA | AA | P-value |
N | Median (Q1, Q3), % | N | Median (Q1, Q3), % | N | Median (Q1, Q3), % |
Female, % | 47182 | 38.10% | 23591 | 37.10% | 23591 | 39.00% | < 0.0001 |
Age, years | 47182 | 49.0 (39.0, 59.0) | 23591 | 51 (40.0, 61.0) | 23591 | 48 (38.0, 57.0) | < 0.0001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 40139 | 26.8 (23.3, 31.1) | 20211 | 26.3 (23.0, 30.4) | 19928 | 27.3 (23.7, 31.6) | < 0.0001 |
Education | |
High school or less, % | 31671 | 52.5% | 16079 | 49.7% | 15592 | 55.4% | < 0.0001 |
Some college, % | 31671 | 26.6% | 16079 | 25.7% | 15592 | 27.5% | < 0.0001 |
College graduate, % | 31671 | 20.8% | 16079 | 24.5% | 15592 | 17.0% | < 0.0001 |
Primary insurance type | |
Medicaid, % | 39339 | 4.1% | 19795 | 2.9% | 19544 | 5.4% | < 0.0001 |
Medicare, % | 39339 | 65.8% | 19795 | 60.4% | 19544 | 71.3% | < 0.0001 |
Private, % | 39339 | 28.6% | 19795 | 35.2% | 19544 | 21.9% | < 0.0001 |
Other, % | 39339 | 1.4% | 19795 | 1.5% | 19544 | 1.4% | < 0.0001 |
Employed, % | 41308 | 44.4% | 20709 | 47.6% | 20599 | 41.2% | < 0.0001 |
Graft duration, years | 47182 | 4.1 (1.6, 7.8) | 23591 | 4.5 (1.8, 8.3) | 23591 | 3.9 (1.5, 7.2) | < 0.0001 |
Early failure, % | 47182 | 7.30% | 23591 | 6.50% | 23591 | 8.00% | < 0.0001 |
Graft failure, % | 47182 | 48.60% | 23591 | 46.70% | 23591 | 50.60% | < 0.0001 |
Last Peak PRA, % | 44250 | 4.0 (0.0, 27.0) | 22016 | 3.0 (0.0, 21.0) | 22234 | 5.0 (0.0, 32.0) | < 0.0001 |
Previous transplant, % | 46989 | 13.2% | 23492 | 15.2% | 23497 | 11.2% | < 0.0001 |
Last Peak PRA > 80%, % | 44250 | 10.4% | 22016 | 9.4% | 22234 | 11.4% | < 0.0001 |
Previous kidney transplant, % | 46989 | 11.9% | 23492 | 13.1% | 23497 | 10.7% | < 0.0001 |
Previous dialysis, % | 47182 | 56.1% | 23591 | 50.9% | 23591 | 61.3% | < 0.0001 |
Time on dialysis, years | 21318 | 3.7 (2.2, 5.6) | 9793 | 3.1 (1.7, 4.7) | 11525 | 4.2 (2.7, 6.3) | < 0.0001 |
Return to dialysis, % | 47182 | 28.3% | 23591 | 22.4% | 23591 | 34.1% | < 0.0001 |
Death with function, % | 47182 | 20.4% | 23591 | 23.8% | 23591 | 17.1% | < 0.0001 |
Death, % | 47182 | 43.6% | 23591 | 45.0% | 23591 | 42.1% | < 0.0001 |
DGF, % | 47125 | 26.1% | 23568 | 21.7% | 23557 | 30.5% | < 0.0001 |
Discharge serum creatinine, mg/dL | 45784 | 2.3 (1.5, 4.5) | 22932 | 2.0 (1.3, 3.7) | 22852 | 2.6 (1.6, 5.3) | < 0.0001 |
Cause of kidney failure | |
Type 1 diabetes, % | 37099 | 5.9% | 18717 | 8.0% | 18382 | 3.8% | < 0.0001 |
Type 2 diabetes, % | 37099 | 15.1% | 18717 | 13.6% | 18382 | 16.7% | < 0.0001 |
Polycystic kidney, % | 47182 | 6.0% | 23591 | 9.5% | 23591 | 2.5% | < 0.0001 |
Glomerulonephritis, % | 47182 | 12.9% | 23591 | 13.7% | 23591 | 12.1% | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, % | 47182 | 21.4% | 23591 | 11.7% | 23591 | 31.0% | < 0.0001 |
Induction therapy, % | 47182 | 75.5% | 23591 | 75.9% | 23591 | 75.1% | 0.05 |
Acute rejection, % | 47182 | 1.5% | 23591 | 1.2% | 23591 | 1.8% | < 0.0001 |
Lymphocyte-depleting, % | 36026 | 4.6% | 18030 | 4.7% | 17996 | 4.5% | 0.32 |
Immunosuppression, % | 47141 | 97.5% | 23577 | 97.5% | 23564 | 97.5% | 0.74 |
Immunosuppression class | |
Anti-proliferative, % | 36026 | 87.0% | 18030 | 86.9% | 17996 | 87.2% | 0.31 |
Calcineurin Inhibitor, % | 36026 | 96.6% | 18030 | 96.6% | 17996 | 96.6% | 0.68 |
mTOR Inhibitor, % | 36026 | 7.4% | 18030 | 7.3% | 17996 | 7.5% | 0.41 |
Corticosteroid, % | 36026 | 86.3% | 18030 | 85.0% | 17996 | 87.6% | < 0.0001 |
EPTS | 38657 | 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) | 19673 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.1) | 18984 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | < 0.0001 |
Other, % | 36026 | 7.6% | 18030 | 7.6% | 17996 | 7.7% | 0.79 |
HCV-positive, % | 47182 | 5.8% | 23591 | 4.5% | 23591 | 7.1% | < 0.0001 |
Equivalent HLA mismatches (N) | 41940 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 20916 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 21024 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | < 0.0001 |
Data presented as median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables. |
EA: European American; AA: African American; DGF: delayed graft failure; EPTS: Estimated Post Transplant Survival; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PRA: panel reactive antibody. |
AA and EA DDs had comparable body mass index (BMI) and KDRI. Relative to EA DDs, AA DDs were more likely to be male (64.6% vs. 59.1%), younger (median age 35.0 vs. 40.9 years), cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody-positive (75.3% vs. 56.2%), and diabetic (5.2% vs. 4.3%). However, AA DDs were less likely to be smokers (60.3% vs. 68.9%) or expanded-criteria donors (12% vs. 14.4%) (Table 1).
Independent of the race/ethnicity of the DD, AA recipients received their transplant at a younger age (median 48.0 vs. 51.0 years), were more likely to have been on dialysis (61.3% vs. 50.9%), and had longer dialysis vintage (4.2 vs. 3.1 years). In addition, AA recipients were less likely to have received a prior transplant (11.2% vs. 15.2%), experience DGF (30.5% vs.21.7%), or die with a functioning allograft (17.1% vs. 23.8%) (Table 2). Supplementary Table 1 shows the distribution of demographics and clinical characteristics by donor and recipient race.
Figure 1 displays unadjusted allograft survival distributions by DRP. Differences in unadjusted allograft survival are apparent between recipients by race; the top two curves represent DCAS in EA recipients, and the bottom two curves display DCAS in AA recipients. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) for EA/EA, AA/EA, and EA/AA DRPs, relative to AA/AA pairs, were 0.56 (0.53, 0.60), 0.65 (0.59, 0.70), and 0.96 (0.91, 1.02), respectively.
The five-year DCAS rate improved among all four DRPs during the observation period (Supplementary Table 2). Five-year allograft survival rates in transplants performed after 2010 vs. before 2001 were (0.74 (0.52, 0.90) vs. 0.64 (0.60, 0.67) for AA/AA DRPs, 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) vs. 0.74 (0.71, 0.77) for AA/EA, 0.83 (0.81, 0.86) vs. 0.64 (0.63, 0.65) for EA/AA, and 0.89 (0.87, 0.92) vs. 0.78 (0.77, 0.79) for EA/EA transplantations.
Variables were ranked based on the VIMP, which was obtained for DCAS and the CR models, using a split-half approach for each outcome. Results between subsets were similar; therefore, we only describe the ranking of variables based on the complete data analyses. Variables considered in the analyses are shown in Supplementary Table 3 and their ranking based on the VIMP scores for DCAS and the CR model. For DCAS, the transplant era had the highest VIMP, followed by recipient serum creatinine at discharge and recipient age at transplant, which consistently ranked second and third, respectively. The random forest CR analysis revealed transplant era, delayed graft function (DGF), recipient discharge creatinine, use of immunosuppression drug, recipient age at discharge, and KDRI had the highest VIMPs for allograft failure. Recipient age at transplant, transplantation era, EPTS, use of immunosuppression drug, transplantation between 2001 and 2005, and KDRI were the top six VIMPs for recipient death. EPTS ranked higher in the CR analysis for death than for allograft failure. Finally, recipient employment ranked 9th for mortality and 39th for allograft survival. We tested for interaction effects between the DRP and the top variables in the DCAS and mortality as CR. CPH models showed statistically significant interaction effects between the DRP with the transplant era (0.02), KDRI (p = 0.0009), and EPTS (p < 0.0001) for DCAS.
The CR analysis helped clarify these results; it showed statistically significant interactions between the DRP and KDRI (p < 0.001) for allograft survival, and between the DRP with the KDRI (p < 0.0001), EPTS (p = 0.009), employment status (p < 0.0001) and transplant era (p < 0.0001) with kidney recipient mortality. Table 3 shows HRs for overall DCAS according to employment status and assuming no change in KDRI and EPTS. With employment EA/EA DRPs saw consistent improvement over time; for transplantations performed after 2010, HRs ranged from 0.42 (0.37, 0.47) to 0.46 (0.41, 0.51) for employed recipients and from 0.52 (0.48, 0.58) to 0.57 (0.52, 063) for unemployed recipients. Similar improvements were also observed with AA/EA pairs. However, for EA/AA DRPs, significant improvement in the overall DCAS was observed only post-2010 DDKTs, and the overall improvement was significantly smaller; HRs were 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) for EA/AA DRPs, compared to 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) for EA/EA’s.
Table 3
Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (HR (95% CI)) for death-censored kidney allograft failure by DRP and transplant era, depending on employment status, and change in KDRI and EPTS score
DRP | Transplant era | Employed | Unemployed |
KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0.25 |
AA/AA | 2001–2005 | 1.26 (0.97, 1.63) | 1.36 (1.06, 1.73) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.50) | 1.26 (1.00, 1.60) | 1.43 (1.10, 1.85) | 1.54 (1.20, 1.97) | 1.46 (1.14, 1.87) | 1.57 (1.25, 1.98) |
AA/AA | 2005–2010 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.41) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.60) | 1.32 (1.03, 1.70) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.62) | 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) |
AA/AA | After 2010 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.41) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.65) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.43) | 1.17 (0.90, 1.52) |
AA/AA | Before 2001 | Reference |
AA/EA | 2001–2005 | 0.65 (0.49, 0.85) | 0.72 (0.56, 0.93) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.83) | 0.71 (0.56, 0.91) | 0.78 (0.59, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.13) |
AA/EA | 2005–2010 | 0.58 (0.44, 0.76) | 0.65 (0.50, 0.84) | 0.57 (0.44, 0.75) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.82) | 0.70 (0.53, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.02) |
AA/EA | After 2010 | 0.49 (0.36, 0.66) | 0.54 (0.41, 0.72) | 0.48 (0.36, 0.64) | 0.54 (0.41, 0.70) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.80) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.90) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.80) | 0.67 (0.51, 0.87) |
AA/EA | Before 2001 | Reference |
EA/AA | 2001–2005 | 1.29 (1.11, 1.49) | 1.36 (1.18, 1.57) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.40) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.47) | 1.36 (1.17, 1.58) | 1.44 (1.24, 1.66) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.48) | 1.35 (1.17, 1.55) |
EA/AA | 2005–2010 | 1.03 (0.89, 1.20) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.18) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) | 1.15 (0.99, 1.33) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.25) |
EA/AA | After 2010 | 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.86) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.02) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) |
EA/AA | Before 2001 | Reference |
EA/EA | 2001–2005 | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) | 0.62 (0.57, 0.68) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) | 0.62 (0.57, 0.67) | 0.71 (0.67, 0.76) | 0.78 (0.73, 0.83) | 0.71 (0.67, 0.75) | 0.77 (0.72, 0.82) |
EA/EA | 2005–2010 | 0.52 (0.48, 0.57) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) | 0.52 (0.48, 0.57) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) | 0.65 (0.61, 0.70) | 0.71 (0.66, 0.76) | 0.65 (0.61, 0.69) | 0.71 (0.66, 0.75) |
EA/EA | After 2010 | 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) | 0.46 (0.41, 0.51) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) | 0.46 (0.41, 0.51) | 0.53 (0.48, 0.58) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63) | 0.52 (0.48, 0.58) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63) |
EA/EA | Before 2001 | Reference |
AA: African American; EA: European American |
Models were adjusted for recipient age at transplant, recipient sex, presence of DGF, previous dialysis, education level, recipient equivalent HLA mismatch, peak PRA, recipient HCV status, cold ischemia time, donor age, donor CMV status, use of immunosuppressants, including use of lymphocyte depleting drugs, mTOR inhibitors and steroids. |
Table 4 shows HRs for the effect of DRP, KDRI, EPTS, and transplant era and employment status on recipient mortality with allograft failure as a CR. For transplantations performed before 2001 and assuming no change in KDRI and EPTS over time, reductions in mortality were observed among all four DRPs for employed DDKT. HRs for the post 2010 transplant era were 0.24 (0.13, 0.43), 0.27 (0.17, 0.45), 0.20 (0.14, 0.28), 0.24 (0.19, 0.32) for AA/AA, AA/EA, EA/AA and AA/AA DRPs, respectively. In contrast, HRs for mortality were higher among unemployed recipients; 0.50 (0.29, 0.87), 0.55 (0.35, 0.87), 0.32 (0.24, 0.42), and 0.49 (0.43, 0.57) among these 4 DRPs, assuming no change in KDRI and EPTS. Figure 2 shows the disparity in recipient mortality according to employment status and DRP.
Table 4
Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (HR (95% CI)) for mortality as competing risk to allograft failure by DRP and transplant era, depending on employment status, and change in KDRI and EPTS score
DRP | Transplant era | Employed | Unemployed |
KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0, EPTS = 0.25 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0 | KDRI = 0.25, EPTS = 0.25 |
AA/AA | 2001–2005 | 0.33 (0.19, 0.55) | 0.36 (0.22, 0.60) | 0.38 (0.24, 0.63) | 0.43 (0.27, 0.68) | 0.63 (0.39, 1.02) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.20) |
AA/AA | 2005–2010 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.39) | 0.29 (0.19, 0.44) | 0.31 (0.20, 0.46) | 0.34 (0.23, 0.50) | 0.51 (0.31, 0.85) | 0.66 (0.45, 0.96) | 0.66 (0.45, 0.96) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.04) |
AA/AA | After 2010 | 0.24 (0.13, 0.43) | 0.25 (0.16, 0.38) | 0.26 (0.17, 0.40) | 0.29 (0.19, 0.44) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.87) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.75) | 0.51 (0.35, 0.76) | 0.57 (0.39, 0.82) |
AA/AA | Before 2001 | Reference |
AA/EA | 2001–2005 | 0.38 (0.25, 0.60) | 0.43 (0.28, 0.66) | 0.45 (0.30, 0.69) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.76) | 0.71 (0.47, 1.06) | 0.79 (0.53, 1.17) | 0.80 (0.55, 1.18) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.30) |
AA/EA | 2005–2010 | 0.28 (0.18, 0.45) | 0.32 (0.20, 0.50) | 0.34 (0.22, 0.52) | 0.38 (0.25, 0.58) | 0.62 (0.41, 0.94) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.03) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.04) | 0.79 (0.54, 1.15) |
AA/EA | After 2010 | 0.27 (0.17, 0.45) | 0.31 (0.19, 0.50) | 0.32 (0.20, 0.52) | 0.36 (0.23, 0.58) | 0.55 (0.35, 0.87) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 0.62 (0.40, 0.96) | 0.70 (0.46, 1.06) |
AA/EA | Before 2001 | Reference |
EA/AA | 2001–2005 | 0.33 (0.25, 0.45) | 0.35 (0.26, 0.47) | 0.41 (0.31, 0.55) | 0.43 (0.33, 0.57) | 0.49 (0.38, 0.63) | 0.52 (0.40, 0.66) | 0.58 (0.45, 0.74) | 0.61 (0.48, 0.77) |
EA/AA | 2005–2010 | 0.22 (0.16, 0.31) | 0.20 (0.14, 0.31) | 0.24 (0.16, 0.36) | 0.25 (0.17, 0.38) | 0.39 (0.29, 0.51) | 0.35 (0.24, 0.51) | 0.40 (0.27, 0.57) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.60) |
EA/AA | After 2010 | 0.20 (0.14, 0.28) | 0.23 (0.14, 0.37) | 0.27 (0.17, 0.43) | 0.28 (0.17, 0.45) | 0.32 (0.24, 0.42) | 0.36 (0.24, 0.56) | 0.41 (0.26, 0.63) | 0.43 (0.28, 0.66) |
EA/AA | Before 2001 | Reference |
EA/EA | 2001–2005 | 0.36 (0.29, 0.44) | 0.40 (0.32, 0.49) | 0.43 (0.35, 0.52) | 0.47 (0.39, 0.57) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | 0.74 (0.66, 0.82) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.83) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.92) |
EA/EA | 2005–2010 | 0.29 (0.23, 0.36) | 0.32 (0.26, 0.40) | 0.35 (0.28, 0.43) | 0.38 (0.31, 0.47) | 0.63 (0.57, 0.71) | 0.70 (0.63, 0.78) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | 0.79 (0.72, 0.88) |
EA/EA | After 2010 | 0.24 (0.19, 0.32) | 0.27 (0.21, 0.35) | 0.29 (0.23, 0.38) | 0.32 (0.25, 0.41) | 0.49 (0.43, 0.57) | 0.54 (0.47, 0.63) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.65) | 0.62 (0.53, 0.71) |
EA/EA | Before 2001 | Reference |
AA: African American; EA: European American |
Models were adjusted for recipient age at transplant, recipient sex, presence of DGF, previous dialysis, education level, recipient equivalent HLA mismatch, peak PRA, recipient HCV status, cold ischemia time, donor age, donor CMV status, use of immunosuppressants, including use of lymphocyte depleting drugs, mTOR inhibitors and steroids. |