Colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-known malady issues in worldwide with high dismalness and mortality cancer causes fourth common reason deaths in every year. (Gumireddy et al., 2019) However, the conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in advanced stages but these therapies are invasive with serious side effects and development of drug resistance. (Schirrmacher, 2019) In this current work a great efforts for the discovery and development of nanoformulation based on natural products for CRC treatment. (Frazier et al., 2018) Various researchers have recommended that utilization of fruits that diminishes the danger of colorectal cancer. (He, Chen, Rojanasakul, Rankin, & Chen, 2016) In our study natural biomolecules as gallic acid (phenolic) isolated from amla fruit (Emblica officinalis) and quercetin (flavonoid) from peels of pomegranate fruit (punica granatum), here specific endeavors to assess the therapeutic role of these active constituents rather than using whole extract of both fruits (Elfalleh et al., 2012; Gupta, Dhawan, & Gupta, 2019) A number of studies have demonstrated that many pharmacological and biochemical pathways altered by gallic acid because of its strong antioxidant and anticancer properties (Ambrosone et al., 2020; Sánchez-Carranza et al., 2018) According to the bibliometric analysis on the Web of Science, quercetin has become a research hotspot used as a nutraceutical effective in the treatment of cancers.(Rauf et al., 2018; Zarei, Hamzeh-Mivehroud, Benvenuti, Ustun-Alkan, & Dastmalchi, 2017) However, gallic acid and quercetin has limited application in the pharmaceutical field because of its low solubility, low bioavailability and instability. So as to upgrade the focusing on targeting delivery, to improve solubility and bioavailability of above biomolecules newer nanoparticles have emerged in recent years, in the field of research and development.(Aghapour et al., 2018; Chen, Lee, Huang, & Chang, 2016)
Motivated by this rationale we reported design and fabrication of biomolecules in polymeric nanoparticles they having the ability to protect, entrap, attach or release chemotherapeutic entities into their matrices, with beneficial properties for human health and wellness.(Kumar, Gajbhiye, Paknikar, & Gajbhiye, 2019) Chitosan (CS) is a natural renewable polymer and GMO as a lipid phase has received increasing attention as adhesive nature and passively target with cancerous cells; also provide a controlled release drug delivery. (Trickler, Khurana, Nagvekar, & Dash, 2010) Poloxamer 407 is a hydrophilic nontoxic copolymer used for its stabilizing properties and incorporation of hydrophobic drugs capability to increase the solubility of biomolecules. (Talasaz et al., 2008) The fundamental method of reasoning behind these systems contributes greatly to colorectal cancer treatment to eliminate obstacles as drug degradation in the gastric condition and their ability to release in the distal ileum with colon targeting. (Altaani, Al-Nimry, Haddad, & Abu-Dahab, 2019)
Furthermore, we developed synergy approach for combined active biomolecules and compared to their activity to combined extracts to treat rats with colorectal cancer. Our results provide a rationale for using hydrophilic mucoadhesive chitosan for the development of a nanoparticles by using gallic acid and quercetin biomolecules that significantly accumulates in the colonic mucosa, tumor targeting, high efficacy in CRC rats, enhancement of bioavailability on likewise achieving the sustained release.(Pham, Sakoff, Van Vuong, Bowyer, & Scarlett, 2018)