Result of morphological identification of medicinal materials
Tangyuan County, Heilongjiang Province:
▢ Fresh product: Fresh fruit is oval, its apex is cuspate, and the color of exocarp changes from light green to turquoise to yellow-green in July, August and September. The fresh product is often put into 2 ~ 3 pieces, connected by ridge lines and about 2 ~ 5 mm thick with densely claybank glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs.
▢ Dried product: Dried product is fleshy peel with rough surface, curled and crinkled inward, and plicated lump or hemispherical shape with broken scar of carpopodium at one end. The diameters in July, August and September are 2.4 ~ 3.5, 4.0 ~ 5.3, 4.2 ~ 6.3 cm long, about 1 ~ 3 cm thick. The outer surface is yellowish-brown, tan and black brown respectively, with a dense layer of claybank glandular hairs whose length are uneven and nonglandular hairs; the inner surface is black gray or black brown and uneven. Dried product is hard but brittle, not easily broken and flat or spiny in section; The odour is fragrant and the taste is spicy. It floats in water, settles later, is non-viscous, and forms transparent solution of light claybank, dark brown and brownish black respectively; Burning it has a slight aroma with black smoke, and leaving black ash after burning.
Changbai County, Jilin Province:
▢ Fresh product: Fresh fruit is oval, its apex is slightly cuspate, and the color of exocarp changes from light green to turquoise to yellow-green in July, August and September. The fresh product is often put into 2 ~ 3 pieces, connected by ridge lines and about 2 ~ 5 mm thick with densely brown glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs.
▢ Dried product: Dried product is fleshy peel with rough surface, curled and crinkled inward, and plicated lump or hemispherical shape with broken scar of carpopodium at one end. The diameters in July, August and September are 3.0 ~ 4.4, 3.5 ~ 4.6, 3.8 ~ 4.9 cm long, about 1 ~ 3 cm thick. The outer surface is yellowish white, claybank and sandy beige respectively, with a dense layer of deep yellow glandular hairs which are shorter and nonglandular hairs; the inner surface is black yellow or furvous and uneven, and the ridge edges are visible intermittently. Dried product is tenacious, not easily broken and flat or spiny in section; The odour is fragrant and the taste is astringent. It floats in water, settles later, is non-viscous, and forms transparent solution of light brown, brown and dark brown respectively; Burning it has a slight aroma with black smoke, and leaving black ash after burning.
Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province:
▢ Fresh product: Fresh fruit is pyriform or oval, and the color of exocarp changes from light green to turquoise to yellow-green in July, August and September with small white spots. The fresh product is often put into 2 ~ 3 pieces, connected by ridge lines and about 2 ~ 5 mm thick with densely greenyellow glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs.
▢ Dried product: Dried product is fleshy peel with rough surface, curled and crinkled inward, and plicated lump or hemispherical shape with broken scar of carpopodium at one end. The diameters in July, August and September are 3.0 ~ 4.4, 3.5 ~ 4.6, 3.8 ~ 4.9 cm long, about 1 ~ 3 cm thick. The outer surface is light greenyellow, light breen and breen respectively, with a dense layer of yellow glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs; the inner surface is black yellow or furvous and uneven with yellow nearly powdery substance, and the ridge edges are visible intermittently. Dried product is hard, not easily broken and flat or spiny in section; It is odourless and the taste is astringent. It floats in water, settles later, is non-viscous, and forms transparent solution of light green, breen and dark brown respectively; Burning it has a slight aroma with black smoke, and leaving black ash after burning.
Microscopic identification of medicinal materials
Histological structure of QLY
The exocarp is a row of fine and roughly circular epidermis cells which is 9 ~ 15 µm thick, and covered with a thickness of 6 ~ 9 µm cuticle, densely glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs. The head of glandular hair is composed of 4 ~ 5 cells, and glandular stalk is multicellular; Nonglandular hair is branched. The stoma protrude in the epidermis.The mesocarp is relatively thick, whose thickness reaches 1200 ~ 2300 µm. A few columns of cells on the outside of the mesocarp are roughly circular and closely arranged with thickened cell walls, and there are usually the girdle of sclereids which are composed by 2 ~ 3 columns sclereids in the interior. Sclereids are different, such as roughly circular, oval, polygonal and so on. Most of the other mesocarp cells are roughly circular parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cells are assimilation parenchyma, and contain granular chloroplasts with occasionally small calcium oxalate solitary crystal. In the parenchyma of the mesocarp, there are collateral bundles and scattered secretory cells.
The tissue characteristics of QLY are shown in Fig. 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4
Powder characteristics
The powder characteristics of QLY are shown in Fig. 1–5.
The powder characteristics of QLY are nonglandular hair, glandular hair, stone cell, parenchyma cell debris, visible secretory tissue and vessel. There are two or three nonglandular hairs, but most of them exist alone. The adenophore of glandular hair is long and straight, but individually curved. Stone cells are polygonal, irregular, roughly circular and round, and of varying sizes. There are obvious yellowish-brown secretions in the secretory tissues. The vessels are mostly spiral vessels and a few are juxtaposed with annular vessels.
The microscopic characteristics of QLY from each origin and harvest time were as follows:
▢ July, Heilongjiang: Most of stone cells are oval, but there are also branched stone cells of different sizes, which are divided into two types: wall thinness and wall thickness. There are small pits in the stone cells, and most stone cells accumulate or clumped together. The stone cell is 48 ~ 120 µm long. Parenchyma cells have thin walls, loose arrangement and large vacuole. Most of them are generally assimilation parenchyma and exist in slices. The glandular hair has a head and a petiole, its head consists of 1 ~ 2 cells, and its adenophore is composed of 7 cells. The adenophore is thicker but thinner near the head and 36 ~ 192 µm long. Nonglandular hair is slender, branched and 48 ~ 240 µm in length. The vessels are spiral vessels and 16 ~ 43 µm in diameter. Secretory tissues are mostly oval or branched with secretion function. They become dead and stored cells after being filled with secretions. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (July, Heilongjiang)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
112
|
64
|
6
|
11
|
8
|
19
|
Group 2
|
105
|
46
|
6
|
1
|
8
|
8
|
Group 3
|
112
|
59
|
20
|
9
|
13
|
6
|
Group 4
|
147
|
46
|
13
|
10
|
15
|
9
|
Group 5
|
103
|
71
|
15
|
4
|
6
|
10
|
Group 6
|
153
|
33
|
7
|
11
|
3
|
10
|
Group 7
|
107
|
25
|
12
|
12
|
15
|
21
|
Group 8
|
133
|
43
|
13
|
5
|
4
|
16
|
▢ August, Heilongjiang: Most of the stone cells are oval and globose, and a few are branched. Its cell cavity is dark brown, its laminae is not obvious, and its size is 60 ~ 144 µm. The glandular hairs are mostly composed of 3 ~ 8 cells of different sizes in its adenophore, and the distribution of cells which is 120 ~ 228 µm long are obvious. Glandular hair’ s head is slightly cuspidal, and the cell wall has thickening of the phenomenon. Nonglandular hair is more curved and consists of a single cell with darker color and a length of 98 ~ 204 µm. And there is little difference in the size of nonglandular hair in the metaphase. Spiral vessels are mostly distributed within secretory tissue or parenchyma, and a few of them exist individually. The vessel is slightly wider and has a diameter of 24 ~ 52 µm. The secretory tissue is disorganized and dendritic, and the incrassate secretory canal can be observed by rotating fine adujstment. The parenchyma cell walls are thickened and the cells are slightly larger to fill and connect with other tissues. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–2.
Table 1-2
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (August, Heilongjiang)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
174
|
17
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
4
|
Group 2
|
105
|
12
|
4
|
18
|
2
|
17
|
Group 3
|
222
|
39
|
11
|
5
|
5
|
20
|
Group 4
|
74
|
20
|
7
|
4
|
0
|
13
|
Group 5
|
137
|
19
|
4
|
12
|
1
|
12
|
Group 6
|
168
|
16
|
7
|
10
|
10
|
6
|
Group 7
|
121
|
43
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
8
|
Group 8
|
136
|
23
|
12
|
12
|
6
|
7
|
▢ September, Heilongjiang: Most of the stone cells which is 102 ~ 211 µm long are oval or globose, the cell wall is thickened, the cell cavity is light brown, the pit of cell cavity is branched, and the laminated striation is not obvious. Most of the secretory tissues are scattered and obvious thickened. The glandular hairs are relatively long and straight, the color is dark, the head and petiole are composed of 5 ~ 8 cells, the adenophore is narrow, the outer wall is thickened, and the length is 194 ~ 350 µm. The number of nonglandular hairs decreased compared with July and August, but the shape and size did not change, and the length is 148 ~ 258 µm. Parenchyma cells are arranged closely and vacuoles become smaller. Most of the spiral vessels in September are in secretory tissues or in parenchyma cells, and a very few are alone, whose diameter is 29 ~ 72 µm. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–3.
Table 1-3
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (September, Heilongjiang)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
95
|
19
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
Group 2
|
126
|
22
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
3
|
Group 3
|
184
|
8
|
8
|
12
|
1
|
14
|
Group 4
|
79
|
22
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
4
|
Group 5
|
99
|
9
|
5
|
10
|
1
|
9
|
Group 6
|
94
|
11
|
1
|
18
|
1
|
2
|
Group 7
|
193
|
28
|
8
|
11
|
0
|
21
|
Group 8
|
137
|
17
|
2
|
18
|
2
|
17
|
▢ July, Jilin: The number of stone cells is large, they are oval, dozens of cells accumulate together with small cell cavity, the laminated striation is not obvious, stone cells are small, and it is 25 ~ 53 µm long. Large parenchyma cells constitute assimilation parenchyma, containing a large number of chloroplasts because they are green. The lacuna of secretory cavity is small, and some stone cells and parenchyma cells are also mixed with secretory cavity. The number of nonglandular hairs and glandular hairs is less. The length of glandular hair is 19 ~ 96 µm, and the length of the nonglandular hair is 48 ~ 132 µm, but the nonglandular hair is longer. Most of the vessels in July are combined with secretory cavities and are spiral vessels, with a diameter of 25 ~ 39 µm. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–4.
Table 1-4
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (July, Jilin)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
283
|
30
|
10
|
2
|
0
|
17
|
Group 2
|
175
|
17
|
6
|
2
|
0
|
42
|
Group 3
|
145
|
11
|
6
|
0
|
1
|
17
|
Group 4
|
172
|
14
|
8
|
0
|
1
|
13
|
Group 5
|
275
|
24
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
18
|
Group 6
|
214
|
22
|
13
|
1
|
0
|
16
|
Group 7
|
177
|
10
|
8
|
1
|
0
|
22
|
Group 8
|
342
|
23
|
7
|
1
|
0
|
20
|
▢ August, Jilin: A number of stone cells are oval, small, and mostly in clusters. Many stone cells accumulate together, and the cell cavities are mostly light brown. The number of stone cell is large with 29 ~ 62 µm in length and 19 ~ 36 µm in width. Parenchyma cells are generally assimilation parenchyma. The shapes of the cells are spherical and cylindrical. Usually when viewed under a microscope, the dark brown and light-colored secretory cavities are flickering by rotating fine adujstment. The number of glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs is less. The adenophore of glandular hair is composed ~ 3 ~ 6 cells, and the head of it is usually composed of 6 ~ 8 cells. The head of glandular hair is smaller, the adenophore of glandular hair is curved, and glandular hair is 48 ~ 120 µm long. The nonglandular hairs consist of a single cell, 84 ~ 144 µm in length. The vessels are curved, mostly spiral vessels and occasionally reticulated vessel with a diameter of 34 ~ 60µm. A few crystal fibers appear in the powder. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–5.
Table 1-5
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (August, Jilin)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
162
|
21
|
3
|
7
|
1
|
6
|
Group 2
|
92
|
18
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
1
|
Group 3
|
168
|
28
|
8
|
3
|
9
|
19
|
Group 4
|
82
|
5
|
0
|
1
|
8
|
5
|
Group 5
|
193
|
5
|
1
|
3
|
9
|
17
|
Group 6
|
104
|
26
|
2
|
1
|
11
|
7
|
Group 7
|
90
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
1
|
Group 8
|
145
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
4
|
11
|
▢ September, Jilin: The powder is black brown, the stone cells are oval and polygonal, the annular striation is more obvious, the pit is bigger, the stone cell wall is thinner, and the length is 36 ~ 72 µm. Parenchyma cells are smaller and the cell wall is thinner. The secretory tissue does not have obvious cell cavity, but the thickened part is obviously visible. Glandular hair is less and 216 ~ 360 µm long. The head of glandular hair is slightly narrowed, and the adenophore of glandular hair consists of 5 ~ 8 cells. Nonglandular hairs are slightly curved and branched, whose cell wall are not thickened and branches are 120 ~ 288 µm long. Spiral vessels are mostly alone with a diameter of 42 ~ 72µm. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–6.
Table 1-6
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (September, Jilin)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
197
|
9
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
14
|
Group 2
|
183
|
6
|
5
|
7
|
1
|
8
|
Group 3
|
144
|
4
|
3
|
5
|
0
|
11
|
Group 4
|
276
|
7
|
8
|
3
|
6
|
13
|
Group 5
|
124
|
4
|
3
|
3
|
6
|
16
|
Group 6
|
204
|
10
|
2
|
4
|
3
|
22
|
Group 7
|
217
|
4
|
6
|
4
|
2
|
21
|
Group 8
|
159
|
9
|
4
|
6
|
4
|
13
|
▢ July, Liaoning: Stone cells are smaller than those form the origins in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. There is a brown pit in the cell cavity. The cell laminated striation is branched. The cell is 24 ~ 62 µm long. Parenchyma cells are large and polygonal. The cell wall of secretory cavity is obviously thickened and the color is darker. Glandular hair is long. The adenophore of glandular hair consists of 5 ~ 8 cells and is slightly thickened, whose cell distribution is obvious. The head of glandular hair is small with 69 ~ 204 µm in length. The number of nonglandular hairs in July is less, mostly curved, composed of single cell, and 37 ~ 168 µm long. The vessels are mostly spiral vessels, the diameter is 24 ~ 47 µm and cluster crystals are seen occasionally in the vessel. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–7.
Table 1-7
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (July, Liaoning)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
69
|
25
|
8
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
Group 2
|
60
|
12
|
17
|
4
|
0
|
5
|
Group 3
|
70
|
21
|
27
|
6
|
0
|
6
|
Group 4
|
154
|
2
|
1
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
Group 5
|
93
|
1
|
4
|
2
|
0
|
7
|
Group 6
|
104
|
4
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
13
|
Group 7
|
67
|
7
|
6
|
1
|
4
|
3
|
Group 8
|
68
|
7
|
5
|
2
|
6
|
2
|
▢ August, Liaoning: Stone cells are of different shapes and 31 ~ 96 µm long, with large cells, darkened cell cavity, unconspicuous annular striation, and cell wall of uneven thickening. Parenchyma cells are larger with slightly thickened cell walls. The secretory cavity is yellowish-brown. The nonglandular hairs are relatively wide, the walls are thickened and the cells are 55 ~ 329 µm long. The length and size of glandular hair are basically the same as that in July, but the color of glandular hair becomes lighter in color, and the cell cavity of adenophore is black brown. Most of adenophore are composed of 3 ~ 5 cells. The length of glandular hair is 84 ~ 254 µm. Spiral vessel is slightly curved, mostly 3 ~ 5 vessels side by side, and 17 ~ 55µm in diameter. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–8.
Table 1-8
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (August, Liaoning)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
253
|
2
|
1
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
Group 2
|
438
|
5
|
1
|
15
|
14
|
14
|
Group 3
|
687
|
4
|
1
|
15
|
12
|
24
|
Group 4
|
330
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
3
|
3
|
Group 5
|
293
|
5
|
7
|
5
|
3
|
2
|
Group 6
|
175
|
4
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
Group 7
|
271
|
9
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
Group 8
|
291
|
7
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
▢ September, Liaoning: Stone cells become smaller, the cell cavity is black brown, the cell pit is obvious, and the length is 49 ~ 114 µm. Parenchyma cells are smaller. The secretory cavity changed from dark brown in August to grayish brown in September, and the thickened part of the cell wall was observed by rotating the fine adujstment. The head of glandular hair is obvious in September, which is composed of many small cells. The adenophore of glandular hair is composed of 5 ~ 10 cells, the cell wall of adenophore is thickened obviously, and the length of glandular hair is 96 ~ 336 µm. The cells of nonglandular hairs are blackened, the cell walls are thickened, and the length is 65 ~ 336 µm. In this period, the wall of spiral vessel is thickened obviously, and there are scattered secretory cells around the vessel with darker color, some of which are scattered in the secretory tissue with a diameter of 24 ~ 64 µm. The quantity statistics of powder characteristics in this period are shown in Table 1–9.
Table 1-9
Statistics on the powder characteristics of QLY (September, Liaoning)
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
Group 1
|
43
|
8
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
10
|
Group 2
|
63
|
12
|
3
|
5
|
0
|
9
|
Group 3
|
102
|
22
|
7
|
6
|
0
|
9
|
Group 4
|
58
|
22
|
3
|
2
|
0
|
5
|
Group 5
|
70
|
13
|
2
|
9
|
1
|
8
|
Group 6
|
43
|
38
|
6
|
2
|
0
|
9
|
Group 7
|
38
|
6
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
8
|
Group 8
|
155
|
4
|
4
|
7
|
2
|
11
|
|
The average quantity statistics of the powder characteristics of QLY in July, August and September in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces are shown in Table 1–10, and the statistics on the powder characteristics size of QLY in different origins and harvest times are shown in Table 1–11.
Tab. 1-10
Quantity statistics of the powder characteristics of QLY in different origins and harvest times
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell
|
Parenchyma cell debris
|
Secretory cavity
|
Glandular hair
|
Nonglandular hair
|
Spiral vessel
|
July, Heilongjiang
|
122
|
48
|
12
|
8
|
9
|
12
|
August, Heilongjiang
|
142
|
24
|
7
|
9
|
5
|
11
|
September, Heilongjiang
|
126
|
17
|
5
|
12
|
1
|
9
|
July, Jilin
|
223
|
18
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
21
|
August, Jilin
|
130
|
14
|
3
|
3
|
7
|
8
|
September, Jilin
|
188
|
7
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
15
|
July, Liaoning
|
86
|
10
|
9
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
August, Liaoning
|
342
|
5
|
3
|
7
|
5
|
7
|
September, Liaoning
|
72
|
16
|
4
|
4
|
1
|
9
|
Table. 1-11
Statistics on the powder characteristics size of QLY in different origins and harvest times
Quantity/Name
|
Stone cell/μm
|
Glandular hair/μm
|
Nonglandular hair/μm
|
Spiral vessel/μm
|
July, Heilongjiang
|
48~120
|
36~192
|
48~240
|
16~43
|
August, Heilongjiang
|
60~144
|
120~228
|
98~204
|
24~52
|
September, Heilongjiang
|
102~211
|
194~350
|
148~258
|
29~72
|
July, Jilin
|
24~53
|
19~96
|
48~132
|
25~39
|
August, Jilin
|
29~62
|
48~120
|
84~144
|
34~60
|
September, Jilin
|
36~72
|
216~360
|
120~288
|
42~72
|
July, Liaoning
|
24~62
|
65~204
|
37~168
|
24~47
|
August, Liaoning
|
31~96
|
84~254
|
55~329
|
17~55
|
September, Liaoning
|
49~114
|
96~336
|
65~336
|
24~64
|
The statistics on the powder characteristics size of QLY in different origins and harvest times are shown in Figure 1-6.
Physico-chemical identification of medicinal materials
The reaction between the QLY’s powder extract from three places of origin and magnesium ion was red, which proved that the powder from all producing areas contained quinones.
Taking the mass concentration of juglone (µg/mL) as the abscissa and the chromatographic peak area (mAu) as the ordinate, and the standard curve of juglone was drawn. The standard curve data of juglone were shown in Table 3 − 2, the standard curve of juglone was shown in Fig. 3 − 1, and Fig. 3 − 2 showed the high performance liquid chromatography of the reference substance of jujube. The regression equation was Y = 38.10X-172.6, r2 = 0.9991, which showed that there was a good linear relationship between the injection concentration of juglone and the peak area in the range of 5.09 ~ 203.6 µg/mL. The comparison of the yield of juglone in different periods was shown in Table 3–3. The results showed that the content of juglone in QLY from the same area was in September > August > July; and the content of juglone in QLY at the same harvest time was produced in Heilongjiang > Jilin > Liaoning. It is speculated that with the growth and development of the fruit of JMM, the content of juglone continues to accumulate, and the accumulation of juglone will reach the maximum from the middle of September to the end of September.
Table 1-12
Juglone Standard Curve Data
C µg/mL
|
5.09
|
10.18
|
25.45
|
50.9
|
101.8
|
203.6
|
mAu
|
21.329
|
215.258
|
797.045
|
1766.69
|
3705.98
|
7584.56
|
Table 1-13
Determination of the content of juglone in QLY in different producing areas and harvesting
Origin
|
Harvest Times
|
Peak Area/mAu
|
Juglone Yield/µg.g− 1
|
Qingyuan, Liaoning
|
2016.7.15
|
59.479
|
6.090
|
Qingyuan, Liaoning
|
2016.8.21
|
173.184
|
9.075
|
Qingyuan, Liaoning
|
2016.9.16
|
253.676
|
11.188
|
Changbai, Jilin
|
2016.7.9
|
47.270
|
5.771
|
Changbai, Jilin
|
2016.8.19
|
146.041
|
8.363
|
Changbai, Jilin
|
2016.9.15
|
321.427
|
12.967
|
Tangyuan, Heilongjiang
|
2016.7.7
|
296.472
|
12.312
|
Tangyuan, Heilongjiang
|
2016.8.28
|
549.256
|
18.946
|
Tangyuan, Heilongjiang
|
2016.9.21
|
7579.836
|
203.476
|