No.
|
Author
|
No of patients
|
Age
|
Gender
|
Injection site
|
Onset of symptoms
|
Presenting symptoms
|
Pathological findings
|
Radiological finding
|
Treatment
|
Prognosis
|
Ref.
|
1
|
Paredes Villa et al.
|
1
|
59
|
F
|
Breast
|
7 yrs
|
fatigue, mild fever, irritant cough,
dyspnea
|
alveolar hemorrhage, translucent globules in capillaries
|
B/L basal and right opacities, consolidation
|
steroids
|
S
|
(1)
|
2
|
Kim et al.
|
1
|
46
|
F
|
Vaginal wall
|
2d
|
dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveoli
|
B/L consolidation
|
steroids
|
S
|
(2)
|
3
|
Lai et al.
|
1
|
28
|
F
|
Breast
|
3d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
4
|
Lai et al.(2)
|
1
|
33
|
F
|
Breast
|
2d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
5
|
Lai et al.(3)
|
1
|
32
|
F
|
Breast
|
2d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
6
|
Lai et al.(4)
|
1
|
31
|
F
|
Breast
|
2d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
7
|
Lai et al.(5)
|
1
|
37
|
F
|
Breast
|
1d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
8
|
Lai et al.(6)
|
1
|
30
|
F
|
Breast
|
2d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L infiltrates with consolidation
|
o2
|
S
|
(3)
|
9
|
Parikh et al.
|
1
|
30
|
F
|
Hips/Buttocks
|
3d
|
dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain
|
alveolar hemorrhage, lipid vacuoles with histiocytes and macrophage reaction
|
B/L lower lobe consolidation
|
steroids
|
S
|
(4)
|
10
|
Pastor et al.
|
1
|
30
|
T
|
thigh
|
1d
|
dyspnea, fever, chills
|
microvacuolar inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
panlobar alveolar pattern
|
steroids, o2
|
S
|
(5)
|
11
|
Price et al.
|
1
|
53
|
F
|
Hips/Buttocks
|
2hrs
|
confusion, lethargy, labored respirations
|
alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, silicone emboli
|
N/A
|
intubation
|
E
|
(6)
|
12
|
Schmid et al.
|
1
|
22
|
T
|
Breast
|
1d
|
cough, dyspnea, fever
|
alveolar hemorrhage and thickening, vacuolar globular deposits of silicon in capillaries
|
B/L alveolar patchy infiltrates
|
steroids
|
S
|
(7)
|
13
|
Purdy et al.
|
1
|
47
|
F
|
Buttocks
|
5m
|
epigastric pain, fever, nausea, vomiting
|
N/A
|
B/L dense interstitial infiltrates
|
surgical removal, antibiotics
|
S
|
(8)
|
14
|
Celli et al.
|
1
|
28
|
F
|
Breast
|
2d
|
dyspnea, cough, blood streaked sputum
|
uniform sized cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L diffuse micro nodular pattern
|
o2, heparin,
intubation
|
S
|
(9)
|
15
|
Chung et al. (1)
|
1
|
44
|
F
|
Breast, right shoulder, vaginal wall
|
6hrs
|
comatose, tachycardia, hypotensive
|
silicon emboli in alveolar capillaries
|
B/L extensive haziness
|
N/A
|
E
|
(10)
|
16
|
Chung et al. (2)
|
1
|
39
|
F
|
Vaginal wall
|
2hrs
|
chest pain, altered consciousness
|
silicon emboli in alveolar capillaries
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
E
|
(10)
|
17
|
Chung et al. (3)
|
1
|
32
|
F
|
Vaginal wall
|
< 1 hour
|
Loss of consciousness
|
edema, congestion, extensive hemorrhage, silicon emboli in alveolar capillaries
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
E
|
(10)
|
18
|
Chung et al. (4)
|
1
|
58
|
F
|
Buttocks
|
2d
|
fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
acute pneumonitis with hemorrhage, silicon emboli in alveolar capillaries
|
|
N/A
|
S
|
(10)
|
19
|
Chung et al. (5)
|
1
|
46
|
F
|
Vaginal wall
|
2d
|
dyspnea, signs of nerve paralysis
|
silicon deposits in alveolar capillaries and macrophages , diffuse alveolar damage, with superimposed bacterial pneumonia
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
E
|
(10)
|
20
|
Clark et al. (1)
|
1
|
45
|
T
|
Thighs and Buttocks
|
4hr
|
headache, dizziness, cough
|
silicon emboli, pneumonia, ARDS, foreign body reaction
|
B/L pulmonary infiltrates
|
steroids,o2, intubation
|
E
|
(11)
|
21
|
Clark et al. (2)
|
1
|
NA
|
T
|
Thighs and Buttocks
|
4hr
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
pulmonary infiltrates
|
N/A
|
S
|
|
22
|
Duong et al.
|
1
|
34
|
T
|
Breast
|
2d
|
dyspnea
|
silicon deposits in alveolar capillaries and macrophages
|
Diffuse patchy infiltrates
|
steroids, o2
|
S
|
(12)
|
23
|
Gopie et al.
|
1
|
38
|
F
|
Breast and Buttocks
|
N/A
|
shortness of breath, chest pain, and hemoptysis
|
N/A
|
B/L nonhomogeneous opacities
|
o2, levofloxacin, hydrocortisone, enoxaprin
|
S
|
(13)
|
24
|
Hariri et al.
|
1
|
39
|
T
|
Breast and Buttocks
|
1wk
|
acute dyspnea,
chest pain, fever, chills, and
Nonproductive cough.
|
silicon deposits in alveolar capillaries and granulomatous reaction
to silicon particles
|
B/L Diffuse interstitial opacities
|
steroids, antibiotics, ganciclovir
|
S
|
(14)
|
25
|
Kamangar et al.
|
1
|
34
|
T
|
thighs, legs and breasts
|
1 month
|
B/L lower extremity edema extending to abdomen and scrotum, later on shortness of breadth
|
PMN inflammatory cells, alveolar macrophages, reactive bronchial epithelial cells and silicon granulomas
|
reticular nodular opacities, small B/L pleural
effusions, and increased B/L lower lung field densities
|
Clindamycin, rifampin, furosemide and steroids
|
S
|
(15)
|
26
|
Chastre et al. (1)
|
1
|
22
|
T
|
buttocks, breasts, trochanteric areas
|
3d
|
high grade fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath
|
N/A
|
B/L interstitial infiltrates with air-space consolidation
|
cefamandole and gentamicin
|
S
|
(16)
|
27
|
Chastre et al. (2)
|
1
|
20
|
T
|
trochanteric area
|
2d
|
fever, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis
|
N/A
|
B/L interstitial infiltrates with air-space consolidation
|
N/A
|
S
|
(16)
|
28
|
Chastre et al. (3)
|
1
|
29
|
T
|
buttocks, breasts, trochanteric areas
|
< 24 hrs
|
fever, cough, dyspnea
|
N/A
|
B/L interstitial infiltrates with air-space consolidation
|
O2
|
S
|
(16)
|
29
|
Rosioreanu et al.
|
1
|
20
|
T
|
breasts
|
3d
|
dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis
|
N/A
|
diffuse
peripheral and B/L air-space disease
|
broad spectrum antibiotics and steroids
|
S
|
(17)
|
30
|
Sanz-Herrero et al.
|
1
|
23
|
T
|
breasts
|
few minutes
|
Pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis.
|
interstitial infiltration macrophages with intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions, parenchymal hemorrhage
|
peripheral and B/L patchy
alveolar and interstitial infiltration pattern
|
o2, I/V
steroids
|
S
|
(18)
|
31
|
Restrepo et al.
|
10
|
mean age = 29
|
2 M, 2 F, 6 T
|
Pectoralis(n=2), vaginal wal
l(n=2)
buttocks, breasts(n=6)
|
15 min to 2 days
|
acute respiratory
distress and fever (in 2)
|
Alveolar hemorrhage
was present in all 6 cases, and the fatty appearance of fluid
silicone vacuoles was identified in 3 biopsies
|
B/L Ground Glass Opacity
|
N/A
|
8 S, 2 E
|
(19)
|
32
|
Villa et al.
|
1
|
28
|
T
|
trochanteric area
|
3d
|
nausea,
vomiting, fever, mild dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis
|
ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions with vacuoles
|
B/L diffuse interstitial infiltration
|
N/A
|
E
|
(20)
|
33
|
Villa et al.
|
1
|
36
|
T
|
trochanteric area
|
hours
|
dyspnea
and palpitations
|
inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
Mild interstitial infiltration.
|
steroids
|
S
|
(20)
|
34
|
Chastre et al
|
8
|
28
|
T
|
trochanteric area (+ breasts and buttocks)
|
in 24hrs
|
Dry cough, hemoptysis, local swelling
|
inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L interstitial infiltrates:
consolidation
|
non-specific therapy
|
S
|
(21)
|
35
|
Chastre et al.
|
5
|
31
|
T
|
trochanteric area ,breasts
|
> 24hrs
|
fever, local inflammation and mild respiratory symptoms
|
inclusions in alveolar macrophages
|
B/L interstitial infiltrates;
consolidation
|
non-specific therapy and NSAIDs
|
S
|
(21)
|
Abbreviations:
M: Male; F: Female; T: transexual; I/V: intravenous; B/L: bilateral; O2: oxygen; S: survived; E: expired
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