Study area and period
The study was conducted in Jima Arjo district high school (9-12th grade) students, East wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia from 1st to 15th of may 2018 GC. Jima Arjo district is one of the seventeenth district of East wollega Zone located at 379 Km to the west of Addis Ababa in the western part of Ethiopia and 48 kilometer from Nekemte town, the capital city, of East wollega Zone. The district has an estimated total population of 114,175 of which 55,946 were males and 58,229 were females. There were 3676 high school students (1903 males and 1773 females). The district has three public high schools, twenty Health post, four Health Centers, one public hospital and twelve private clinics.
Study participants
Institutional based quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted in Jima Arjo District secondary school students. The Source population of this study were all 9th-12th grade secondary school students attending their regular class in 2018 GC academic year, in Jima arjo district and the study population was selected students from 9th -12th grade secondary school students attending regular class during same time.
All students aged 15 to 19 years, and attending their regular class at the time of data collection was included. Those sick and unable to respond to the questionnaire were excluded from the study.
Sample size determinations
The required sample size was calculated by single population proportion formula using the following assumptions: the proportion of premarital sex among Jima school adolescents (25%)[8]; 95% confidence level, 5% precision between sample and population parameter and 10% possible none response rate.
Where,
Z= the z-score associated with selected degree of confidence interval at 95% confidence Interval is 1.96 .
P = estimated percentage based on past study, 25%(0.25)
d= margin of error 5%(0.05).
n =sample size
Computed with the above formula n=288 and 10% non respondense rate given a total sample size of 317.
Sampling Technique.
First, the three high schools, Arjo , Gombo and H/kumba were included into the study. Then students was classified according to their schools. Then stratified based on their grades (9th,10th, 11th and 12th ). And sample was proportionaly allocated to size of each grade and . Finally, Simple random sampling technique was employed to select the participants using their roster as a sampling frame and their Id. Number was used to select individuals participants using computer generated random number.
Data collection tool and procedures
Structured self administered questionnaire was used to collect information from secondary scool students in Jima Arjo district. It was prepared in English and translated to Afan oromo (the local Language) by an experts of both languages and was translated back to English to ensure its consistency. Pretest was done at Getema secondary school and necessary amendment was taken before using the tool for actual data collection. Four data collectors were involved in data collection and they were trained on how to approach respondents, contents of the tool and objectives of the study. In addition, to the principal investigator, two supervisors were assigned to assist data collectors to check for completeness and consistency of a questionnaire.
Operational definitions
Adolescents: An individuals who are between the ages of 10 -19 years old.
Premarital sexual practice: Sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage.
Age of sexual debut: The age at which the first sexual initiation occurred.
Early sexual debut: Defined as having sexual intercourse before the age of 18 years.
Variables of the study
Dependent variables
Premarital sexual practice
Independent variables
Socio-demographic variables: (Age, sex, residence, grade level, Living arrangement, parental education and marital status of parents.
Socio economic factors: family monthly income and Pocket money of students
Sexual history and reasons to start sexual practice: Having (boy/girl friends), fall in love, sexual desire, peer pressure, money/Gift, Watching Pornographic film/sex movies and rape
Substance abuse: (alcohol consumption, chewing khat, smoking cigarette and shisha)
Data processing and analysis
After data Collection, data was checked manually for its completeness and consistency. It was sorted, entered, cleaned, and processed by SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was done to compute frequency, percentage, mean and median based on the type data. Binary logistic regression was conducted and COR, with 95% CI was estimated to select the candidate variables for the final model. Then, variables with p-value of < 0.25 at binary logistic regression were taken into multivariable logistic regression to control confounding. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit with stepwise (backward elimination) logistic regression was used to test for model fitness. AOR with 95% CI was estimated to assess the presence of association at multivariable logistic regression. Finally, variables with p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of the outcome variable.
Data Quality management
The quality of data was assured by properly designed and pre-tested questionnaire, trained data collectors and supervisors for data collection procedures. The Instrument was pretested on 5% of the respondents at Getema high school and amendement was taken accordingly. Every day, the collected questionnaires was reviewed and checked for completeness by the supervisors and principal investigator. The necessary feedback was offered to data collectors before the actual procedure. Data quality was also ensured by coding, cleaning and double entry of at least 5% of the questionnaires.