Table 1. Selected studies and its analysis scenario
Study
|
Country
|
Perspective
|
Time horizon
|
Reference year
|
Threshold
|
ICER
|
Measure of dispersion
|
CE-Plane
|
Scenario
|
Sinha [1]
|
USA
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2008
|
$ 50,000
|
yes
|
none
|
no
|
5
|
Davies [2]
|
UK
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2008
|
£ 20,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
no
|
3
|
Guillermin [3]
|
USA
|
Payers
|
35-yrs
|
NA
|
$ 50,000
|
no
|
SD
|
no
|
5
|
Lee [4]
|
USA
|
Payers
|
35-yrs
|
2011
|
$ 50,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
no
|
3
|
Mezquita-Raya [5]
|
Spain
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2012
|
€ 30,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
yes
|
3
|
Steen-Carlsson [6]
|
Sweden
|
Societal
|
Life-time
|
2013
|
SEK 500,000
|
yes
|
NA
|
yes
|
4
|
Perez [7]
|
Spain
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2012
|
€ 30,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
no
|
3
|
Bruhn [8]
|
USA
|
Payers
|
50-yrs
|
2014
|
$ 50,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
yes
|
3
|
Roussel [9]
|
France
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2013
|
€ 30,000
|
yes
|
95% CI & SD
|
yes
|
3
|
Barnett [10]
|
UK
|
Payers
|
Life-time
|
2016
|
£ 20,000
|
yes
|
SD
|
yes
|
3
|
CI, confidence interval; NA, Not available; SD, Standard deviation
Table 2. Descriptive of the mean cost and QALY along with their incremental data of comparison between GLP1a vs DPP4i.
Author
|
Cost
|
QALY
|
ICER
|
Currency
|
GLP1
|
DPP4i
|
ΔC
|
GLP1
|
DPP4i
|
ΔE
|
|
Sinha [1]
|
US $
|
170799
|
167163
|
3636
|
15.2998
|
15.3335
|
-0.0337
|
-107893
|
Davies [2]
|
£
|
21793±544
|
19951±521
|
1842±751
|
7.52±0.11
|
7.34±0.11
|
0.19±0.15
|
10158
|
Guillermin [3]
|
US $
|
55647
|
57862
|
-2215
|
9.56±0.12
|
9.28±0.12
|
0.284±0.172
|
-7799
|
Lee [4]
|
US $
|
81444±1079
|
76262±1061
|
5182
|
8.825±0.117
|
8.624±0.115
|
0.201
|
31488
|
Mezquita-Raya[5]
|
€
|
54684±1250
|
52387±1346
|
2297
|
9.04±0.13
|
8.87±0.11
|
0.17
|
13266
|
Steen-Carlsson [6]
|
SEK
|
1360715
|
1304092
|
56624
|
10.53
|
10.15
|
0.38
|
154226
|
Perez [7]
|
€
|
56628±1323
|
52450±1394
|
4177
|
9.239±0.121
|
8.838±0.121
|
0.4
|
10436
|
Bruhn [8]
|
US $
|
140806±1948
|
138583±2071
|
2223
|
9.618±0.125
|
9.517±0.130
|
0.101
|
22094
|
Roussel [9]
|
€
|
43031±1532
|
40472±1513
|
2558 (2427,2689) *
|
10.09±0.13
|
9.84±0.13
|
0.25 (0.24, 0.26)*
|
10275
|
Barnett [10]
|
£
|
24737±739
|
22362±725
|
2375
|
9.18±0.12
|
9.02±0.11
|
0.15
|
15423
|
Values in cell are mean±standard deviation; * 95% CI, ΔC-incremental cost, ΔE-incremental QALY, GLP1a-Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, DPP4i- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Table 3. Describe incremental net benefit comparing GLP1i with DPP4i along with variance
Authors
|
Mean INB
(PPP adjusted US $)
|
Variance INB
|
Sinha [1]
|
-6,058
|
7,58,90,095
|
Davies [2]
|
3,063
|
3,05,70,369
|
Guillermin [3]
|
18,452
|
7,58,90,095
|
Lee [4]
|
5,267
|
7,58,90,095
|
Mezquita-Raya [5]
|
1,529
|
3,66,23,523
|
Steen-Carlsson [6]
|
-11,643
|
4,31,66,49,739
|
Perez [7]
|
12,007
|
7,18,90,710
|
Bruhn [8]
|
3,077
|
9,68,23,864
|
Roussel [9]
|
6,373
|
5,54,03,868
|
Barnett [10]
|
1,172
|
2,45,24,439
|
INB, incremental net benefit; PPP, purchasing power parity, GLP1a-Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, DPP4i- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Table 4: The subgroup analysis results of pooing INB between the GLP1 agonists and DPP4 inhibitors
Subgroup analysis
|
No. of comparisons
|
Pooled INB (US$)
|
95% CI
|
p-value
|
I2 (%)
|
|
Threshold
|
< Median ($49,325)
|
5
|
3,554.00
|
-1,825.34 to 8933.34
|
0.829
|
0.0
|
|
≥Median ($49,325)
|
5
|
5,226.56
|
-3530.74 to 13,983.86
|
0.393
|
2.4
|
|
Time Horizon
|
Life time
|
7
|
2,663.36
|
-2463.30 to 7790.01
|
0.852
|
0.0
|
|
Non-lifetime
|
3
|
9,386.72
|
-846.73 to 19620.17
|
0.424
|
0.0
|
|
Source of effectiveness
|
Multiple study
|
4
|
1,538.51
|
-8,049.60 to 11,126.62
|
0.742
|
0.0
|
|
Single study
|
6
|
4,745.01
|
-473.58 to 9,963.59
|
0.534
|
0.0
|
|