[1] Chi Z, Li S, Sheng X, et al. Clinical presentation, histology, and prognoses of malignant melanoma in ethnic Chinese: a study of 522 consecutive cases. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:85.
[2] Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66:115–132.
[3] Cui C, Lian B, Zhou L, et al. Multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors and survival rates among 706 mucosal melanoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25(8):2184–2192.
[4] Mallone S, De Vries E, Guzzo M, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas and adnexal skin carcinomas in Europe. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:1167–1175.
[5] Clifton N, Harrison L, Bradley PJ, et al. Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: Report of 24 patients and literature review. J Laryngol Otol. 2011;125:479–485.
[6] Yin G, Guo W, Chen X, et al. Clinical characteristic and prognostic analyses of 117 cases of head and neck mucosal melanoma. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;53(9):668–674.
[7] Lund VJ, Chisholm EJ, Howard DJ, et al. Sinonasal malignant melanoma: An analysis of 115 cases assessing outcomes of surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and endoscopic resection. Rhinology. 2012;50:203–210.
[8] Lian B, Si L, Cui C, et al. Phase II randomized trial comparing high-dose IFN-alpha2b with temozolomide plus cisplatin as systemic adjuvant therapy for resected mucosal melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:4488–4498.
[9] Furney SJ, Turajlic S, Stamp G, et al. Genome sequencing of mucosal melanomas reveals that they are driven by distinct mechanisms from cutaneous melanoma. J Pathol. 2013;230:261–269.
[10] Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, et al. Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:809–819.
[11] Bai X, Kong Y, Chi Z, et al. MAPK pathway and TERT promoter gene mutation pattern and its prognostic value in melanoma patients: A retrospective study of 2,793 cases. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(20):6120–6127.
[12] Reyes E, Uribe C, de Vries E. Population-based incidence and melanoma-specific survival of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a Colombian population 2000–2009. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(1):21–27.
[13] Zhang T, Dutton-Regester K, Brown KM, et al. The genomic landscape of cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2016;29(3):266–283.
[14] Hayward NK, Wilmott JS, Waddell N, et al. Whole-genome landscapes of major melanoma subtypes. Nature. 2017;545(7653):175–180.
[15] Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell. 2015;161(7):1681–1696.
[16] Lian B, Cui CL, Zhou L, et al. The natural history and patterns of metastases from mucosal melanoma: an analysis of 706 prospectively-followed patients. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(4):868–873.
[17] Zhou R, Shi C, Tao W, et al. Analysis of mucosal melanoma whole-genome landscapes reveals clinically relevant genomic aberrations. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(12):3548–3560.
[18] Dai J, Kong Y, Si L, et al, Large-scale analysis of PDGFRA mutations in melanomas and evaluation of their sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and crenolanib. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:6935–6942.
[19] Yang K, Oak ASW, Slominski RM, et al. Current molecular markers of melanoma and treatment targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(10):3535.
[20] Pracht M, Mogha A, Lespagnol A, et al. Prognostic and predictive values of oncogenic Braf, Nras, C-Kit and Mitf in cutaneous and mucous melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:1530–1538.
[21] Colombino M, Paliogiannis P, Cossu A, et al. BRAF mutations and dysregulation of the MAP kinase pathway associated to sinonasal mucosal melanomas. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1577.
[22] Nazarian R, Shi H, Wang Q, et al. Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation. Nature. 2010;468(7326):973–977.
[23] Amann VC, Ramelyte E, Thurneysen S, et al. Developments in targeted therapy in melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(3):581–593.
[24] Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Ascierto PA, et al. Binimetinib versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma (NEMO): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(4):435–445.
[25] Carvajal RD, Lawrence DP, Weber JS, et al. Phase II study of nilotinib in melanoma harboring kit alterations following progression to prior kit inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:2289–2296.
[26] Guo J, Carvajal RD, Dummer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of nilotinib in patients with kit-mutated metastatic or inoperable melanoma: Final results from the global, single-arm, phase II team trial. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1380–1387.
[27] Niessner H, Schmitz J, Tabatabai G, et al. PI3K pathway inhibition achieves potent antitumor activity in melanoma brain metastases in vitro and in vivo [published correction appears in Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Mar 1;23(5):1361]. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(23):5818–5828.
[28] Kong Y, Sheng X, Wu X, et al. Frequent genetic aberrations in the CDK4 pathway in acral melanoma indicate the potential for CDK4/6 inhibitors in targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(22):6946–6957.
[29] Shin DS, Zaretsky JM, Escuin-Ordinas H, et al. Primary resistance to PD-1 blockade mediated by JAK1/2 mutations. Cancer Discov. 2017;7(2):188–201.